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37-463: In the Queen Anne Victorian style , it took the form of a wooden turret with an octagonal base with steeply pitched slopes rising to a peak, usually topped with a finial . A distinctive local adaptation of this roof style was widely used in 16th- and 17th-century Russian architecture for churches , although there are examples of this style also in other parts of Europe. It took the form of

74-553: A secular museum and church at the same time. The structure was constructed between 1883 and 1907. It is one of Saint Petersburg's major attractions. The church was erected on the site where Narodnaya Volya members assassinated Emperor Alexander II in March 1881. The church was funded by the Romanov imperial family in honor of Alexander II, and the suffix "on [Spilled] Blood" refers to his assassination. Construction began in 1883 during

111-414: A Baltic-German Lutheran family). Perhaps not surprisingly, the church's construction ran well over budget, having been estimated at 3.6 million rubles but ending up costing over 4.6 million. The walls and ceilings inside the church are completely covered in intricately detailed mosaics – the main pictures being biblical scenes or figures – but with very fine patterned borders setting off each picture. In

148-538: A feature, as were the image of the rising sun and Australian wildlife, plus circular windows, turrets, and towers with conical or pyramid-shaped roofs. The first Queen Anne house in Australia was Caerleon in the suburb of Bellevue Hill , Sydney . Caerleon was designed initially by a Sydney architect, Harry Kent , but was then substantially reworked in London by Maurice Adams . This led to some controversy over who deserved

185-579: A full-time place of worship. The Church of the Saviour on Blood is a museum of mosaics. In the pre-Revolution period it was not used as a public place of worship. The church was dedicated to the memory of the assassinated tsar and only panikhidas (memorial services) took place. The church is now one of the main tourist attractions in Saint Petersburg. In 2005, the State Museum of St. Isaac's Cathedral began

222-424: A polygonal spire but differed in purpose in that it was typically used to roof the main internal space of a church, rather than as an auxiliary structure. The same architectural form is also applied to bell towers . The term "tent roof" may also be applied in modern architecture to membrane and thin shell structures comprising roofs of modern materials and actual tents. The "tent-like church" (шатровая церковь)

259-491: Is a national type of church that was developed in late medieval Russia. It marks a sharp departure from the traditions of Byzantine architecture which never put emphasis on verticality. Sergey Zagraevsky has argued that tented roofs have something in common with European Gothic spires . This architectural development has been described as a Russian parallel to the Gothic architecture of Western Europe. In this local adaptation of

296-547: Is now defunct. The historical precedents of the architectural style were broad and several: In the 20th century, Edwin Lutyens and others used an elegant version of the style, usually with red-brick walls contrasting with pale stone details. In the United States, "Queen Anne" is used to describe a wide range of picturesque buildings with "free Renaissance" (non- Gothic Revival architecture ) details and as an alternative both to

333-490: The Griboedov Canal ; paved roads run along both sides of the canal . On March 13, 1881 ( Julian date : March 1), as Alexander II's carriage passed along the embankment, a grenade thrown by an anarchist conspirator exploded. The tsar, shaken but unhurt, got out of the carriage and started to remonstrate with the presumed culprit. A second conspirator took the chance to throw another bomb, killing himself and mortally wounding

370-577: The Nativity church at Putinki ( Moscow ) this trend was pushed to its limit, as there are five major and three minor tents used in the construction. It is said that Patriarch Nikon , who often passed near Putinki church on his way to the Trinity , considered the monument to be in violation of canonical rules of Byzantine architecture and proscribed building tented churches altogether. During his time at office, many beautiful tented churches were demolished, notably

407-583: The Red Square (1561). The latter church unites nine hipped roofs in a striking circular composition. In the 17th century tented roofs were placed in a row, sometimes producing astonishing decorative effects. The first instance of this type is the Marvellous Church in Uglich , whose three graceful tents remind one of three burning candles. They also became a typical architectural solution for church bell towers. In

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444-695: The Federation Queen Anne style was the Federation Bungalow , featuring extended verandahs. This style generally incorporated familiar Queen Anne elements, but usually in simplified form. Some prominent examples are: Church of the Savior on Blood The Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood ( Russian : Церковь Спаса на Крови , Tserkovʹ Spasa na Krovi ) is a Russian Orthodox church in Saint Petersburg , Russia which currently functions as

481-810: The French-derived Second Empire and the less "domestic" Beaux-Arts architecture , is broadly applied to architecture, furniture, and decorative arts of the period 1880 to 1910; some "Queen Anne" architectural elements, such as the wraparound front porch, continued to be found into the 1920s. The gabled and domestically scaled style arrived in New York City with the new housing for the New York House and School of Industry Sidney V. Stratton , architect, 1878. Distinctive features of American Queen Anne architecture may include an asymmetrical façade ; dominant front-facing gable , often cantilevered beyond

518-485: The Queen Anne style of British architecture of the industrial age in the 1870s. Norman Shaw published a book of architectural sketches as early as 1858, and his evocative pen-and-ink drawings began to appear in trade journals and artistic magazines in the 1870s. American commercial builders quickly adopted the style. Shaw's eclectic designs often included Tudor elements, and this "Old English" style also became popular in

555-574: The United States, where it became known (inaccurately) as the Queen Anne style. Confusion between buildings constructed during the reign of Queen Anne and the "Queen Anne" style persists, especially in England. British Victorian Queen Anne architecture empathises more closely with the Arts and Crafts movement than its American counterpart. A good example is Severalls Hospital in Colchester, Essex (1913–1997), which

592-601: The aftermath of the Russian Revolution , the church was ransacked and looted, badly damaging its interior. The Soviet government closed the church in 1932. During the Second World War when many people were starving due to the Siege of Leningrad by Nazi German military forces, the church was used as a temporary morgue for those who died in combat and from starvation and illness. The church suffered significant damage. After

629-594: The birth of the first Russian Tsar Ivan IV , often is considered the first tented roof church built in stone. However, Zagraevsky has argued that the earliest use of the stone tented roof was in the Trinity Church in Alexandrov , built in 1510s. Tented roof design has been prone to most unusual interpretations. Some scholars, for example, view hipped roofs of this variety as phallic symbols . It's more likely, however, that this type of design symbolised high ambitions of

666-682: The credit. The house was built in 1885 and was the precursor for the Federation Queen Anne house that was to become so popular. The APA Building in the Melbourne central business district was an example of the Queen Anne style being used for non-residential purposes. However, at some stage, the building may have been apartments. It was demolished in 1981 after the modernism boom in Melbourne took off – factors that sealed its demolition included rapacious development, lax heritage attitudes in Australian cities, and

703-431: The early 18th century than those of any style of revival architecture to the original. In particular, Queen Anne style architecture in the United States is a wholly different style, as in Australia, and normally includes no elements typical of the actual architecture of Queen Anne's reign, the names being devised for marketing purposes. George Devey (1820–1886) and the better-known Norman Shaw (1831–1912) popularized

740-576: The floor of the shrine. Architecturally, the cathedral differs from Saint Petersburg's other structures. The city's architecture is predominantly Baroque and Neoclassical , but the Savior on Blood harks back to medieval Russian architecture in the spirit of romantic nationalism . It intentionally resembles the 17th-century Yaroslavl churches and the celebrated St. Basil's Cathedral in Moscow . The church contains over 7500 square meters of mosaics —according to its restorers, more than any other church in

777-533: The influence of Richard Norman Shaw contributed to the development of the Federation style , of which the heyday lasted from 1890 to 1915, and which is subdivided into twelve phases, Federation Queen Anne being one and the most popular style for houses built between 1890 and 1910. The style often used Tudor-style woodwork and elaborate fretwork that replaced the Victorian taste for wrought iron. Verandahs were usually

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814-741: The nascent Russian state and liberation of the Russian art from Byzantine canons after Constantinople 's fall to the Turks . Tented churches were exceedingly popular during the reign of Ivan the Terrible. Two prime examples dating from his reign employ several tents of exotic shapes and colours arranged in a complicated design. These are the Church of St. John the Baptist in Kolomenskoye (1547) and Saint Basil's Cathedral on

851-684: The ones in Staritsa and the Moscow Kremlin . Only in the late 19th century was the ban lifted, and the tented roof design was revived in such remarkable monuments as the Church of the Savior on Blood in Saint Petersburg and St. Peter and Paul's Cathedral in Peterhof . Queen Anne style architecture The Queen Anne style of British architecture refers to either the English Baroque architecture of

888-613: The owner's decision to argue for a demolition permit, which was granted. Caerleon was followed soon after by West Maling, in the suburb of Penshurst, New South Wales , and Annesbury, in the suburb of Ashfield , both built circa 1888. Although built around the same time, these houses had distinct styles, West Maling displaying a robust Tudor influence that was not present in Annesbury. The style became increasingly popular, appealing predominantly to reasonably well-off people with an "Establishment" leaning. The style as it developed in Australia

925-694: The plane of the wall below; overhanging eaves ; round, square, or polygonal tower(s); shaped and Dutch gables ; a porch covering part or all of the front façade, including the primary entrance area; a second-story porch or balconies; pedimented porches; differing wall textures, such as patterned wood shingles shaped into varying designs, including resembling fish scales, terra cotta tiles, relief panels, or wooden shingles over brickwork, etc.; dentils ; classical columns; spindle work; oriel and bay windows; horizontal bands of leaded windows; monumental chimneys; painted balustrades ; and wooden or slate roofs. Front gardens often had wooden fences. In Australia

962-533: The recreation of the Holy Gates (permanently lost in the 1920s during the Soviet period). Entirely produced with enamels and based on the pictures and lithographies of the time, the new Holy Gates were designed by V. J. Nikolsky and S. G. Kochetova and reified by the famous enamel artist L. Solomnikova and her atelier. Orthodox bishop Amvrosij of Gatchina celebrated the consecration of these new Holy Gates on 14 March 2012,

999-469: The reign of Alexander III , two years after the assassination of his father Alexander II. The church was consecrated as a memorial to his father. Estimates suggest that the construction cost 4.5 million rubles. The construction was completed during the reign of Nicholas II in 1907. Funding was provided by the Imperial family with the support of many private donors. The church is prominently situated along

1036-516: The reign of Queen Anne) as "...Queen Anne at its most delightful". Binney lists what he describes as the typical features of the Queen Anne style: When using the revived "Queen Anne style" of the 19th and 20th centuries, the historical reference in the name should not be taken at all literally, as buildings said to be in the "Queen Anne style" in other parts of the English-speaking world normally bear even less resemblance to English buildings of

1073-495: The size of a manor house , and usually designed elegantly but simply by local builders or architects rather than the grand palaces of noble magnates. The term is not often used for churches. Contrary to the American usage of the term, it is characterised by strongly bilateral symmetry , with an Italianate or Palladian -derived pediment on the front formal elevation. Colours were made to contrast with carefully chosen red brick for

1110-661: The tent roof it took the form of either: Tented roofs are thought to have originated in the Russian North, as they prevented snow from piling up on wooden buildings during long winters. In wooden churches (even modern ones) this type of roof is still very popular. The earliest specimen of such a church was recently transported to an abbey in Vologda . Another notable example is an 18th-century church in Kondopoga , Karelia . The Ascension church of Kolomenskoye , built in 1532 to commemorate

1147-494: The time of Queen Anne (who reigned from 1702 to 1714) or the British Queen Anne Revival form that became popular during the last quarter of the 19th century and the early decades of the 20th century. In other English-speaking parts of the world, New World Queen Anne Revival architecture embodies entirely different styles. With respect to British architecture , the term is mostly used for domestic buildings up to

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1184-406: The tsar had been driving could be included within the walls of the church. An elaborate shrine, in the form of a ciborium , was constructed at the end of the church opposite the altar, on the exact place of Alexander's assassination. It is embellished with topaz , lazurite and other semi-precious stones, making a striking contrast with the simple cobblestones of the old road, which are exposed in

1221-462: The tsar. The tsar, bleeding heavily, was taken back to the Winter Palace , where he died a few hours later. A temporary shrine was erected on the site of the attack while plans and fundraising for a more permanent memorial were undertaken. In order to build a permanent shrine on the exact spot where the assassination took place, it was decided to narrow the canal so that the section of road on which

1258-684: The walls, with details in a lighter stone that is often rather richly carved. Christopher Wren used this technique, which achieved a rich effect for a considerably lower cost than using stone as a facing throughout, in his rebuilding of Hampton Court Palace , commissioned by William and Mary . Here, it harmonized well with the remaining Tudor parts of the palace. This highly visible example probably influenced many others. The architectural historian Marcus Binney , writing in The Times in 2006, describes Poulton House in Poulton, Wiltshire (built in 1706, during

1295-507: The war, it was used as a warehouse for vegetables, leading to the sardonic name of Saviour on Potatoes . In July 1970, management of the church passed to Saint Isaac's Cathedral and it was used as a museum. The proceeds from the Cathedral funded the restoration of the church. It was reopened in August 1997, after 27 years of restoration, but has not been reconsecrated and does not function as

1332-474: The world. This record may be surpassed by the Cathedral Basilica of St. Louis , which houses 7700 square meters of mosaics. The interior was designed by some of the most celebrated Russian artists of the day—including Viktor Vasnetsov , Mikhail Nesterov and Mikhail Vrubel – but the church's chief architect, Alfred Alexandrovich Parland , was relatively little-known (born in Saint Petersburg in 1842 in

1369-523: Was highly eclectic, blending Queen Anne elements with various Australian influences. Old English characteristics like ribbed chimneys and gabled roofs were combined with Australian aspects like encircling verandahs, designed to keep the sun out. One outstanding example of this eclectic approach is Urrbrae House , in the Adelaide suburb of Urrbrae , part of the Waite Institute. Another variation connected to

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