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48-485: Tennispalatsi was built in 1938 in preparation for the 1940 Summer Olympics . The functionalist building, which had four tennis courts, was designed by Helge Lundström. In the 1952 Summer Olympics the basketball preliminary games were held in Tennispalatsi. Finnkino has a 14-theatre multiplex in Tennispalatsi. It was opened on 26 February 1999. The theater sizes are from 92 to 703 seats. The largest theater has

96-652: A different site be chosen and spoke of the possibility of boycotting the Games were they to proceed in Japan. In March 1938, the Japanese provided reassurances to the IOC at the organization's Cairo conference that Tokyo would still be able to serve as the host city. However, many Diet members in Japan had already openly questioned hosting the Olympics in wartime, and the military was demanding that

144-534: A diplomatic gesture. In 1936, Tokyo was chosen in a surprise move, making it the first non-Western city to win an Olympic bid. During the 1930 Far Eastern Games in Tokyo, Indian participants were spotted flying the flag of their independence movement rather than the flag of British India . This caused a complaint from the British Olympic Association . In 1934, Japan attempted to invite European colonies to

192-542: A means of international diplomacy following Japan's alienation from the League of Nations due to the Mukden Incident , in which Japan occupied Manchuria and created the puppet state of Manchukuo . While both Tokyo officials and International Olympic Committee (IOC) representatives were behind the campaign, the national government, which was ever more interested in military matters, did not have any strong supporters for such

240-525: A member of the Imperial Diet (legislature), immediately requested that the Olympics be forfeited. The 1938 Far Eastern Games were also canceled, but Japan's IOC delegates persisted under a belief that the war would soon be over. Amid the intensification of the war, the feasibility of both the Summer Olympics and the 1940 Winter Olympics grew increasingly questionable to other countries, who suggested

288-443: A multi-racial delegation to be sent, and after South Africa refused, they were excluded from participating. The country was, however, allowed to compete at the 1964 Summer Paralympics , also held in Tokyo, its Paralympic Games debut . The 1964 Games were also the first to be telecast internationally without the need for tapes to be flown overseas, as they had been for the 1960 Olympics four years earlier. The games were telecast to

336-415: A portion of No. 2 and No. 3 were completed for the games. Two subway lines totaling 22 kilometers (14 mi) were also completed in time for the games, and the port of Tokyo facilities were expanded to handle the anticipated traffic. As a visual aid for foreign visitors to the Games, this Olympics was the first to use pictograms , created by Masasa Katzumie , to represent each event visually. This became

384-505: A screen of 184.8 square metres (1,989 sq ft) (8.8 m × 21 m or 29 ft × 69 ft). All the rooms use Dolby Digital , DTS and SDDS technologies. They also fulfill the THX standards although they are no longer THX certified after Finnkino quit paying the THX licensing fees in 2004; the THX logos no longer are used in Tennispalatsi or Finnkino's marketing. Tennispalatsi

432-450: A standard visual component of the modern Olympics ever since. The mythical kappa , which featured on a pin issued with the Olympic logo, was an unofficial mascot of the Games. The Oxford Olympics Study established the outturn cost of the Tokyo 1964 Summer Olympics at US$ 282 million in 2015-dollars. This includes sports-related costs only, that is, (i) operational costs incurred by

480-430: Is US$ 5.2 billion. The 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo celebrated Japan's progress and reemergence on the world stage. The new Japan was no longer a wartime enemy, but a peaceful country that threatened no one, and this transformation was accomplished in fewer than 20 years. To host such a major event, Tokyo's infrastructure needed to be modernized in time for large numbers of expected tourists. Enormous energy and expense

528-529: Is one of the two big Finnkino movie theatre multiplexes in Helsinki, along with Kinopalatsi . According to Finnkino, it was the world's first movie theatre to utilize THX and SDDS in all its auditoriums. [REDACTED] Media related to Tennispalatsi at Wikimedia Commons 60°10′11″N 024°55′49″E  /  60.16972°N 24.93028°E  / 60.16972; 24.93028 1940 Summer Olympics The 1940 Summer Olympics , officially known as

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576-631: The 1964 Summer Olympics and the 2020 Summer Olympics , although the later event was postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic . During August 1940, prisoners of war celebrated a "special Olympics" called the International Prisoner-of-War Olympic Games at Stalag XIII-A in Langwasser , near Nuremberg , Germany. An Olympic flag, 29 by 46 cm in size, was made of a Polish prisoner's shirt and, drawn in crayon, it featured

624-462: The 1980 Summer Olympics . Athletes from East Germany and West Germany competed together as the United Team of Germany , as they had done previously in 1956 and 1960. The nations would enter separate teams beginning with the 1968 Winter Olympics . Indonesia was banned from the 1964 Olympics, due to its refusal to allow Israeli and Taiwanese athletes visas at the 1962 Asian Games . Indonesia

672-712: The Far Eastern Games . The main stadium was initially to be the Meiji Jingu Gaien Stadium — later used at the 1964 Summer Olympics — reconstructed to accommodate 100,000 spectators; however, the Shrines Bureau of Home Ministry , which had jurisdiction over the Meiji Jingu precinct, strongly opposed the reconstruction. Subsequently, a new stadium was planned at the Komazawa Olympic Park , away from

720-757: The Games of the XII Olympiad , was a planned international multi-sport event scheduled to have been held from 21 September to 6 October 1940, in Tokyo City , Japan , and later rescheduled for 20 July to 4 August 1940, in Helsinki , Finland following the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937. They were ultimately cancelled because of World War II alongside the 1940 Winter Olympics in Sapporo , Japan, and were

768-455: The Olympic Flame from Greece to Japan was proposed by air delivery, in the purpose-built Messerschmitt Me 261 Adolfine long-range aircraft, which was designed to have a maximum range of some 11,024 km (6,850 mi) unrefueled. 1964 Summer Olympics The 1964 Summer Olympics ( Japanese : 1964年夏季オリンピック , Hepburn : 1964-Nen Kaki Orinpikku ) , officially the Games of

816-580: The Winter Olympics twice with the Sapporo 1972 and Nagano 1998 games. Tokyo won the rights to the Games on 26 May 1959 at the 55th IOC Session in Munich, West Germany , over bids from Detroit, Brussels and Vienna. Toronto was an early bidder again in 1964 after the failed attempt for 1960 and failed to make the final round. The 1964 Summer Olympics featured 19 different sports encompassing 25 disciplines, and medals were awarded in 163 events. In

864-464: The surrender of Japan in 1945, announced the forfeiture on 16 July 1938. He closed his speech saying, "When peace reigns again in the Far East, we can then invite the Games to Tokyo and take that opportunity to prove to the people of the world the true Japanese spirit." This would come to pass in 1964 . Despite the cancellation of the 1940 Olympics, the Tokyo organizing committee released its budget for

912-559: The American government and Hughes Corporation which developed the satellites, NBC the rights holder had little interest in the project. NBC's participation was due to pressure from the Under-Secretary of State for Political Affairs Averell Harriman , and NBC intended to record the live transmissions for later use in sponsored shows. NBC broadcast the opening ceremonies live on the East coast of

960-501: The Games. In a departure from standard practice, the budget included all capital outlays as well as direct organizing costs. The total budget was ¥ 20.1 million, one-third of which would have been paid by the Tokyo metropolitan government. The IOC then awarded the Games to Helsinki , Finland, the city that had been the runner-up in the original bidding process. The Games were then scheduled to be staged from 20 July to 4 August 1940. The Olympic Games were suspended indefinitely following

1008-465: The Games. Indirect capital costs are not included, such as for road, rail, or airport infrastructure, or for hotel upgrades or other business investment incurred in preparation for the Games but not directly related to staging the Games. The cost for Tokyo 1964 compares with costs of US$ 4.6 billion for Rio 2016, US$ 40–44 billion for Beijing 2008 and US$ 51 billion for Sochi 2014, the most expensive Olympics in history. Average cost for Summer Games since 1960

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1056-509: The Olympic rings and banners for Belgium, France, Great Britain, Norway, Poland, and the Netherlands. A feature film, Olimpiada '40 , produced by the director Andrzej Kotkowski in 1980 tells the story of these games and of one of the prisoners of war, Teodor Niewiadomski. After the successful invention of the torch relay in Nazi Germany four years earlier, the proposed method of bringing

1104-411: The Olympics in Japan had initially been split, by the time the games started almost everyone was behind them. The broadcast of the opening ceremony was watched by over 70% of the viewing public, and the women's volleyball team's gold medal match was watched by over 80%. As with many other Olympics, observers later stated that 1964 Olympic preparation and construction projects had had a negative effect on

1152-483: The United States using Syncom 3, the first geostationary communication satellite, and from there to Europe using Relay 1 . These were also the first Olympic Games to have color telecasts, albeit partially. Certain events such as the sumo wrestling and judo matches, sports popular in Japan, were tried out using Toshiba 's new colour transmission system, but only for the domestic market. The entire 1964 Olympic Games

1200-635: The United States, but delayed the broadcast on the West coast to 1:00 a.m. so Johnny Carson 's Tonight Show would not be interrupted. When pressed on the issue NBC announced there would be no more live telecasts which angered the American State Department which saw the broadcasts as a matter of national prestige, and also the Hughes Aircraft Company who won the bid to build the satellite system over RCA which owned NBC. TRANSPAC-1 ,

1248-588: The XVIII Olympiad ( Japanese : 第18回オリンピック競技大会 , Hepburn : Dai Jūhachi-kai Orinpikku Kyōgi Taikai ) and commonly known as Tokyo 1964 ( Japanese : 東京1964 ), were an international multi-sport event held from 10 to 24 October 1964 in Tokyo , Japan. Tokyo had been awarded the organization of the 1940 Summer Olympics , but this honor was subsequently passed to Helsinki due to Japan's invasion of China , before ultimately being cancelled due to World War II . Tokyo

1296-460: The city center. The Olympic Village was to be built on the present sites of Kinuta Park or Todoroki Gorge. A schedule was drawn up, and guidelines were printed in four languages. Monthly magazines and posters were printed and distributed internationally. Construction began on some buildings, and arrangements were made with hotels, travel agents, and airlines for easy access. When the Second Sino-Japanese War broke out on 7 July 1937, Ichirō Kōno ,

1344-531: The competition), Madagascar , Malaysia , Mali , Mongolia , Nepal , Niger , Northern Rhodesia , Senegal , and Tanzania (as Tanganyika ). Northern Rhodesia achieved full independence as Zambia on the same day as the closing ceremony. Athletes from Southern Rhodesia competed under the banner of Rhodesia ; this was the last of three appearances at the Summer Olympics by a Rhodesian representation. Zimbabwe would later make its first appearance at

1392-532: The environment and lower income people. The Cary Grant film Walk, Don't Run was filmed during the Tokyo Olympics, and set in Tokyo during the Olympics. A message at the beginning of the film thanks the Japanese Government and Tokyo Police for putting up with them filming in crowded Tokyo. The Studio Ghibli film From Up on Poppy Hill takes place one year before the Tokyo Olympics and refers to

1440-583: The first trans-Pacific communications cable from Japan to Hawaii was also finished in June 1964 in time for these games. Before this, most communications from Japan to other countries were via shortwave. The start of operations for the first Japanese bullet train (the Tokaido Shinkansen ) between Tokyo Station and Shin-Ōsaka Station was scheduled to coincide with the Olympic games. The first regularly scheduled train ran on 1 October 1964, just nine days before

1488-595: The last to use a traditional cinder track for the track events. Since 1968, a smooth, synthetic, all-weather track has been used. The United States topped the gold medal table at these Games, while the Soviet Union won the most medals overall. In 2021, due to delay over the COVID-19 pandemic , Tokyo hosted the 2020 Summer Olympics , making it the first city in Asia to host the Summer Olympic Games twice. Japan also hosted

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1536-679: The list below, the number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses. Note: In the Japan Olympic Committee report, sailing is listed as "yachting". Conventionally, countries are ranked by the number of gold medals they receive, followed then by the number of silver medals and, finally, bronze. Ninety-four nations participated in the 1964 Games.Sixteen nations made their first Olympic appearance in Tokyo: Algeria , Cameroon , Chad , Congo , Côte d'Ivoire (as Ivory Coast ), Dominican Republic , Libya (but it withdrew before

1584-488: The opening of the games, transporting passengers 515 kilometers (320 mi) in about four hours, and connecting the three major metropolitan areas of Tokyo, Nagoya , and Osaka . Some already-planned upgrades to both highways and commuter rail lines were rescheduled for completion in time for these games. Of the eight main expressways approved by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government in 1959, No. 1, No. 4 and

1632-489: The organizers build the venues from wood because they needed metals for the war front. In July, a legislative session was held to decide the matters of the Summer and Winter Olympics and the planned 1940 World's Fair all at once. The World's Fair was only "postponed", under a belief that Japan would be able to wrap up the war, but the Olympics could not be moved and were canceled. Kōichi Kido , who would later be instrumental in

1680-573: The organizers to postpone the games to summer 2021, the first time that an Olympic Games was cancelled or rescheduled during peacetime. The Japan Society Fall 2019 exhibition, Made in Tokyo: Architecture and Living, 1964/2020 , is an architectural exhibition that examines the social, cultural, economic, and political impacts of the 1964 Tokyo Olympics on the modernization of the Tokyo landscape (Homes, Offices, Retail Businesses, Athletic Stadiums, Hotels, and Transportation Stations). The exhibition

1728-433: The organizing committee for the purpose of staging the Games, e.g., expenditures for technology, transportation, workforce, administration, security, catering, ceremonies, and medical services, and (ii) direct capital costs incurred by the host city and country or private investors to build, e.g., the competition venues, the Olympic village, international broadcast center, and media and press center, which are required to host

1776-513: The outbreak of World War II (the Winter War in particular) and did not resume until the London Games of 1948 . With the Olympics canceled, the major international athletics event of the year turned out to be the annual Finland-Sweden Athletics International , held at the new Helsinki Olympic Stadium , exceptionally held as a triple international among Finland , Sweden and Germany . Gliding

1824-549: The results of sprints. All of this demonstrated that Japan was now part of the first world and a technological leader, and at the same time demonstrated how other countries might modernize. In preparation for the games, 200,000 stray cats and dogs were rounded up and killed. However, the construction projects resulted in environmental damage, forced relocations for residents, and loss of industry. In addition, corruption by politicians and construction companies resulted in cost overruns and shoddy work. Although public opinion about

1872-402: The third games to be cancelled due to war. Helsinki would eventually host the 1952 Summer Olympics . Tokyo would also later host the 1964 and 2020 Summer Olympics , the latter being postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic . The campaign to choose a city for 1940 began in 1932, with Barcelona , Rome , Helsinki , and Tokyo participating. Tokyo city officials suggested a campaign as

1920-485: The upcoming games. The official poster can be seen several times in the film. Tokyo attempted to bring the Olympic Games back to the city, having unsuccessfully bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics , which were awarded to Rio de Janeiro . Tokyo was chosen to host the 2020 Summer Olympics and Paralympics games, making it the first Asian city to host the games twice. The worldwide coronavirus pandemic , however, forced

1968-505: Was 5 hours 41 minutes in the United States, 12 hours 27 minutes in Europe, and 14 hours 18 minutes in Canada. Pictures were received via satellite in the United States, Canada, and 21 countries in Europe. Several broadcasters recorded some sports from Japan and flown over to their countries. While the agreement to use satellite to transmit the games live to the United States was a proud achievement for

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2016-600: Was chosen as the host city during the 55th IOC Session in West Germany on 26 May 1959. The 1964 Summer Games were the first Olympics held in Asia , and marked the first time South Africa was excluded for using its apartheid system in sports. Until 1960, South Africa had fielded segregated teams, conforming to the country's racial classifications; for the 1964 Games the International Olympic Committee demanded

2064-635: Was chronicled in the ground-breaking 1965 sports documentary film Tokyo Olympiad , directed by Kon Ichikawa . The games were scheduled for mid-October to avoid the city's midsummer heat and humidity and the September typhoon season. The previous Olympics in Rome in 1960 started in late August and experienced hot weather. The following games in 1968 in Mexico City also began in October. The 1964 Olympics were also

2112-654: Was curated by the Japanese architectural firm Atelier Bow-Wow . The majority of Japanese castles were smashed and destroyed in the late 19th century in the Meiji restoration by the Japanese people and government in order to modernize and westernize Japan and break from their past feudal era of the Daimyo and Shoguns. It was only due to the 1964 Olympics in Japan that cheap concrete replicas of those castles were built in preparation for tourists. The vast majority of castles in Japan today are new replicas made out of concrete. In 1959

2160-564: Was devoted to upgrading the city's physical infrastructure, including new buildings, highways, stadiums, hotels, airports and trains. There was a new satellite to facilitate live international broadcast. Multiple train and subway lines, a large highway building project, and the Tokaido Shinkansen, the fastest train in the world, were completed. Tokyo International Airport and the Port of Tokyo were modernized. International satellite broadcasting

2208-541: Was due to be an Olympic sport in the 1940 Games after a demonstration at the Berlin Games in 1936. The sport has not been featured in any Games since, though the glider designed for it, the DFS Olympia Meise , was produced in large numbers after the war. Meanwhile, Japan hosted the 1940 East Asian Games in Tokyo, with six participating nations. Helsinki eventually held the 1952 Summer Olympics , while Tokyo held

2256-467: Was initiated, and Japan was now connected to the world with a new undersea communications cable. The YS-11 , a commercial turboprop plane developed in Japan, was used to transport the Olympic Flame within Japan. For swimming, a new timing system started the clock by the sound of the starter gun and stopped it with touchpads. The photo finish using a photograph with lines on it was introduced to determine

2304-687: Was originally banned on the meeting which took place in Lausanne on 7 February 1963. The decision was changed on 26 June 1964 citing the changed position of the Government of Indonesia towards the Tokyo games. These games were the first to be telecast internationally. The games were telecast to the United States using Syncom 3 , the first geostationary communication satellite, and from there to Europe using Relay 1 , an older satellite which allowed only 15–20 minutes of broadcast during each of its orbits. Total broadcast time of programs delivered via satellite

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