35-569: Viscount Templetown , in the County of Antrim, was a title in the Peerage of Ireland . It was created on 13 February 1806 for John Upton, 2nd Baron Templetown , Member of Parliament for Bury St Edmunds . He was the son of Clotworthy Upton , who served as Clerk Comptroller to Augusta, Dowager Princess of Wales . On 3 August 1776 he had been raised to the Peerage of Ireland as Baron Templetown , of Templetown in
70-493: A rebellion in 1798 , involving a French invasion of Ireland and the seeking of complete independence from Great Britain. This rebellion was crushed with much bloodshed, and the motion for union was motivated at least in part by the belief that the union would alleviate the political rancour that led to the rebellion. The rebellion was felt to have been exacerbated as much by brutally reactionary loyalists as by United Irishmen (anti-unionists). Furthermore, Catholic emancipation
105-686: A large measure of legislative independence under the Constitution of 1782 . Many members of the Irish Parliament jealously guarded that autonomy (notably Henry Grattan ), and a motion for union was legally rejected in 1799. Only Anglicans were permitted to become members of the Parliament of Ireland though the great majority of the Irish population were Roman Catholic , with many Presbyterians in Ulster . Under
140-508: A male heir, his titles became extinct. Three other members of the Upton family may also be mentioned. Arthur Upton , brother of the first Baron, represented Carrickfergus in the Irish House of Commons . The Honourable Fulke Howard (who assumed the surname of Howard in 1807), second son of the first Baron, was Member of Parliament for Castle Rising . The Honourable Arthur Upton , third son of
175-404: The Constitution of Ireland forbidding the state conferring titles of nobility and stating that an Irish citizen may not accept titles of nobility or honour except with the prior approval of the Irish government. In the following table, each peer is listed only by his highest Irish title, showing higher or equal titles in the other peerages. Those peers who are known by a higher title in one of
210-581: The Curzon of Kedleston barony to George Curzon when he became Viceroy of India in 1898. Peers of Ireland have precedence below peers of England, Scotland, and Great Britain of the same rank, and above peers of the United Kingdom of the same rank; but Irish peers created after 1801 yield to United Kingdom peers of earlier creation. Accordingly, the Duke of Abercorn (the junior duke in the Peerage of Ireland) ranks between
245-737: The Duke of Sutherland and the Duke of Westminster (both dukes in the Peerage of the United Kingdom). When one of the Irish representative peers died, the Irish Peerage met to elect his replacement; but the office required to arrange this were abolished as part of the creation of the Irish Free State . The existing representative peers kept their seats in the House of Lords, but they have not been replaced. Since
280-576: The House of Lords at Westminster . Both before and after the Union, Irish peerages were often used as a way of creating peerages which did not grant a seat in the House of Lords of England (before 1707) or Great Britain (after 1707) and so allowed the grantee (such as Clive of India ) to sit in the House of Commons in London. As a consequence, many late-made Irish peers had little or no connection to Ireland, and indeed
315-750: The Irish Parliament had passed the Crown of Ireland Act 1542 , proclaiming King Henry VIII of England to be King of Ireland . Since the 12th century, the King of England had been technical overlord of the Lordship of Ireland , a papal possession. Both the Kingdoms of Ireland and England later came into personal union with that of Scotland upon the Union of the Crowns in 1603. In 1707,
350-620: The Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland were united into a single kingdom: the Kingdom of Great Britain . Upon that union, each House of the Parliament of Ireland passed a congratulatory address to Queen Anne , praying her: "May God put it in your royal heart to add greater strength and lustre to your crown, by a still more comprehensive Union". The Irish Parliament was both before then subject to certain restrictions that made it subordinate to
385-661: The Parliament of England and after then, to the Parliament of Great Britain ; however, Ireland gained effective legislative independence from Great Britain through the Constitution of 1782 . By this time access to institutional power in Ireland was restricted to a small minority: the Anglo-Irish of the Protestant Ascendancy . Frustration at the lack of reform among the Catholic majority eventually led, along with other reasons, to
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#1733107110582420-485: The Roman Catholic Relief Act 1793 , Roman Catholics regained the right to vote if they owned or rented property worth £2 annually. Wealthy Catholics were strongly in favour of union in the hope for rapid religious emancipation and the right to sit as MPs, which would only come to pass under the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829 . From the perspective of Great Britain's elites, the union was desirable because of
455-710: The flag of the United Kingdom . Called the Union Jack, it combined the flags of St George's Cross (which was deemed to include Wales ) and the St Andrew's Saltire of Scotland with the St Patrick's Saltire to represent Ireland. At the same time, a new Royal Title was adopted ('GEORGE the THIRD by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland King, Defender of the Faith'), and
490-416: The 1880 title " Baron Mount Temple , of Mount Temple in the County of Sligo", was recreated in 1932 as "Baron Mount Temple, of Lee in the County of Southampton". In the following table of the Peerage of Ireland as it currently stands, each peer's highest titles in each of the other peerages (if any) are also listed. Irish peers possessed of titles in any of the other peerages (except Scotland, which only got
525-502: The 32 counties and the two largest boroughs, and one from each of the next 31 largest boroughs and from Dublin University , chosen by lot. The other 84 Irish parliamentary boroughs were disfranchised; all were pocket boroughs , whose patrons received £15,000 compensation for the loss of what was considered their property. The Union Flag, created as a consequence of the union of the Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 1800, still remains
560-502: The Act permitted until at least 1856. But the pace then slowed, with only four more being created in the rest of the 19th century, and none in the 20th and 21st centuries. The last two grants of Irish peerages were the promotion of the Marquess of Abercorn (a peerage of Great Britain) to be Duke of Abercorn in the Irish Peerage when he became Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland in 1868 and the granting of
595-463: The County of Antrim. The first Viscount was succeeded by his eldest son, the second Viscount. He never married and on his death the titles passed to his younger brother, the third Viscount. He was a General in the Army and also sat as Conservative Member of Parliament for County Antrim from 1859 to 1863. Between 1866 and 1890 Lord Templetown sat in the House of Lords as an Irish representative peer . He
630-523: The Irish House of Commons by 109 votes to 104, but the second vote in 1800 passed by 158 to 115. The Acts of Union were two complementary Acts, namely: They were passed on 2 July 1800 and 1 August 1800 respectively, and came into force on 1 January 1801. They ratified eight articles which had been previously agreed by the British and Irish parliaments: Part of the appeal of the Union for many Irish Catholics
665-508: The Irish Kingdom from free participation in imperial and European trade with the exclusion of its Catholic subjects, under the terms of the 'Penal Laws', from the benefits of property and political representation." These critiques were used to justify a parliamentary union between Britain and Ireland. Complementary acts were enacted by the Parliament of Great Britain and the Parliament of Ireland. The Parliament of Ireland had recently gained
700-447: The Irish Parliament, was merged into the larger British Army . In the first Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the members of the House of Commons were not elected afresh. By royal proclamation authorised by the Act, all the members of the last House of Commons from Great Britain took seats in the new House, and from Ireland 100 members were chosen from the last Irish House of Commons: two members from each of
735-533: The Prince Regent different powers. These considerations led Great Britain to decide to attempt the merger of both kingdoms and Parliaments. The final passage of the Act in the Irish House of Commons turned on an about 16% relative majority, garnering 58% of the votes, and similar in the Irish House of Lords , in part per contemporary accounts through bribery with the awarding of peerages and honours to critics to get votes. The first attempt had been defeated in
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#1733107110582770-453: The United Kingdom . The creation of such titles came to an end in the 19th century. The ranks of the Irish peerage are duke , marquess , earl , viscount and baron . As of 2016, there were 135 titles in the Peerage of Ireland extant: two dukedoms, ten marquessates, 43 earldoms, 28 viscountcies, and 52 baronies. However, these titles have no official recognition in Ireland , with Article 40.2 of
805-686: The act of the British Parliament is Union with Ireland Act 1800 ( 39 & 40 Geo. 3 . c. 67), assigned by the Short Titles Act 1896 . The short title of the act of the Irish Parliament is Act of Union (Ireland) 1800 (40 Geo. 3. c. 38 (I)), assigned by a 1951 act of the Parliament of Northern Ireland , and hence not effective in the Republic of Ireland, where it was referred to by its long title when repealed in 1962. Before these acts, Ireland had been in personal union with England since 1542, when
840-559: The death of Francis Needham, 4th Earl of Kilmorey in 1961, none remains. The right of the Irish Peerage to elect representatives was abolished by the Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1971 . Titles in the Peerage of the United Kingdom have also referred to places in Ireland, for example Baron Arklow (created 1801 and 1881) or Baron Killarney (created 1892 and 1920). Since partition, only places in Northern Ireland have been used, although
875-534: The first Baron, was a cricketer and politician. The ancestral seat of the Upton family was Castle Upton , County Antrim . Peerage of Ireland The Peerage of Ireland consists of those titles of nobility created by the English monarchs in their capacity as Lord or King of Ireland , or later by monarchs of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland . It is one of the five divisions of Peerages in
910-461: The merged Parliament of the United Kingdom had its first meeting on 22 January 1801. Provisions of the acts remain in force, with amendments and some Articles repealed, in the United Kingdom , but they have been repealed in their entirety in the Republic of Ireland . Two acts were passed in 1800 with the same long title : An Act for the Union of Great Britain and Ireland . The short title of
945-740: The names of some Irish peerages refer to places in Great Britain (for example, the Earldom of Mexborough refers to a place in England and the Earldom of Ranfurly refers to a village in Scotland). Irish peerages continued to be created for almost a century after the union, although the treaty of union placed restrictions on their numbers: three needed to become extinct before a new peerage could be granted, until there were only one hundred Irish peers (exclusive of those who held any peerage of Great Britain subsisting at
980-518: The noble title of baron. Two Irish earldoms have become extinct since the passage of the House of Lords Act 1999 , both in 2011: Acts of Union 1800 The Acts of Union 1800 were parallel acts of the Parliament of Great Britain and the Parliament of Ireland which united the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland (previously in personal union ) to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland . The acts came into force between 31 December 1800 and 1 January 1801, and
1015-472: The other peerages are listed in italics . A modest number of titles in the peerage of Ireland date from the Middle Ages . Before 1801, Irish peers had the right to sit in the Irish House of Lords , on the abolition of which by the Union effective in 1801 by an Act of 1800 they elected a small proportion – twenty-eight Irish representative peers – of their number (and elected replacements as they died) to
1050-517: The right to an automatic seat in 1963, with the Peerage Act 1963 ) had automatic seats in the House of Lords until 1999. The Earl of Darnley inherited the Baron Clifton in the Peerage of England in 1722–1900 and 1937–1999 as the barony is in writ . In Ireland, barony may also refer to a semi-obsolete political subdivision of a county . There is no connection between such a barony and
1085-439: The time of the union, or of the United Kingdom created since the union). There was a spate of creations of Irish peerages from 1797 onward, mostly peerages of higher ranks for existing Irish peers, as part of the negotiation of the Act of Union; this ended in the first week of January 1801, but the restrictions of the Act were not applied to the last few peers. In the following decades, Irish peerages were created at least as often as
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1120-588: The uncertainty that followed the French Revolution of 1789 and the Irish Rebellion of 1798 . If Ireland adopted Catholic emancipation willingly or not, a Roman Catholic Parliament could break away from Britain and ally with the French, but the same measure within the United Kingdom would exclude that possibility. Also, in creating a regency during King George III 's "madness", the Irish and British Parliaments gave
1155-549: Was being discussed in Great Britain, and fears that a newly enfranchised Catholic majority would drastically change the character of the Irish government and parliament also contributed to a desire from London to merge the Parliaments. According to historian James Stafford, an Enlightenment critique of Empire in Ireland laid the intellectual foundations for the Acts of Union. He writes that Enlightenment thinkers connected "the exclusion of
1190-703: Was succeeded by his nephew, the fourth Viscount. He was the son of the Honourable Edward John Upton, fourth son of the first Viscount. Lord Templetown was an Irish Representative Peer from 1894 to 1939. His eldest son was killed in the First World War and he was succeeded by his second and only surviving son, the fifth Viscount. He was for many years a member of the county council of the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright . He had one son, who predeceased him, and one daughter, who survived him. On his death in 1981 without
1225-502: Was the promise of Catholic emancipation , allowing Roman Catholic MPs, who had not been permitted to sit in the Irish Parliament, to sit in the United Kingdom Parliament. This was however blocked by King George III who argued that emancipating Roman Catholics would breach his Coronation Oath , and was not realised until the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829 . The traditionally separate Irish Army , which had been funded by
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