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52-482: The stretch between Tegernseer Platz and Martin-Luther-Straße accommodates tram tracks, and the traffic is restricted to one-way traffic for motor vehicles and cyclists. Across from the intersection with Martin-Luther-Straße is Germany's first McDonald's branch which has been located there since 1971. Between Martin-Luther-Straße and Candidstraße, in the southern direction, the road consists of five lanes (two left-turning, two straight-ahead and one right-turning lane). At

104-522: A grassroots movement to cover the portion of Mittleren Ring highway in Englischer Garten, the same grassroot movement group proposed a tram tunnel as the most optimal solution, citing the 1926 article in Bayerischen Umschau . The €45 million tram tunnel is gaining traction as most favoured option for several reasons. The tram tunnel along with forthcoming Mittleren Ring tunnel would reunite

156-497: A night network. These were followed, in 1999, by the larger Class R3 trams. In 2001, the voltage on which the trams operate was increased from 600 to 750 V. The following year the MVG was formed. In 2009 the brand new route 23 was opened. This route acts as a feeder route for U-Bahn lines U3 and U6, to which it connects in an elaborate terminus above Münchner Freiheit U-Bahn station . The line has no interchanges with other tram routes, but

208-531: A southeastern direction, also through the McGraw trench, a section on which the road is lowered down at a length of about 300 m. The upper section serves as a driveway for residents, not the through traffic, and allows a direct access to Stadelheimer Straße. In January 2018, the city council's CSU fraction proposed a cover over the McGraw trench in order to provide more space for the construction of apartments. Also, south of

260-541: A three-section low-floor tram of the Adtranz low floor design were ordered for evaluation. The three cars were delivered 1990/91 and formed the R1.1. series. The cars had two joints and three self-supporting steel car bodies. The three R1.1 cars are no longer part of MVG's fleet since they were returned to the manufacturer. Between 1994 and 1997, a total of 70 three-section low-floor trams were procured, designated as R2.2 series. Towards

312-523: A total length of 33.94 metres (111 ft 4 in). The first delivered S-Tram, number 2301, was used for the first time in Munich on 19 March 2009 for a press tour. A total of 14 trams were built between 2008 and 2011. The vehicles are designed for 221 passengers each. The top speed is 60 km/h (37 mph). After numerous technical problems with its running gears, MVG cancelled the further order and switched to Siemens Avenio for their next generation tram,

364-631: A total of 191 m3 and m4 trailers. In 1975, the entire type M2 fleet was withdrawn due to the reduction of the tram network. The last day of regular services with type M trams was on 7 December 1998. Two experimental articulated trams, designated as P1.65, were built by Rathgeber in 1959 and 1960. Since two conductors were required for them, the P1.65 were too uneconomical and no further sets were ordered. In 1965, two prototype articulated trams were delivered by Rathgeber, built under license from Hansa Waggonbau of Bremen. They were designated as P2.12 and P2.13. After

416-475: Is linked to the rest of the tram network by a connecting track that carries no public service. At the same time, February 2009, class S trams , built to the Stadler Variobahn design, were introduced. In December 2011 an extension was opened from the previous Effnerplatz terminus to St. Emmeram. The extension was 4.3 kilometres (2.7 mi) long and added seven new tram stops to the network. Tram route 16

468-592: Is located there. The main building served as the administrative building of the United States Armed Forces ( 7th Army - USAREUR) from 1945 until 1992. The road connects approximately 800 m after the intersection of Stadelheimer Straße at the level of Lincolnstraße/Münchner-Kindl-Weg to the Bundesautobahn 995 . Trams in Munich The Munich tramway ( German : Straßenbahn München )

520-571: Is operated by 106 trams (as of 2012), and transported 98 million people in 2010 and 104 million people in 2012. The tramway started in 1876, with a horsecar service. The first tramways extended from Karlsplatz (Stachus) , which remains one of central nodes of Munich's tram network. Two years later, the Société Anonyme des Tramways de Munich was founded. In 1882, the Münchner Trambahn-Aktiengesellschaft (MTAG)

572-745: Is the tramway network for the city of Munich in Germany . Today it is operated by the municipally owned Münchner Verkehrsgesellschaft (the Munich Transport Company, or MVG) and is known officially and colloquially as the Tram . Previous operators have included Société Anonyme des Tramways de Munich , the Münchner Trambahn-Aktiengesellschaft , the Städtische Straßenbahnen and the Straßenbahn München . The tram network interconnects with

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624-634: The Mossad . Jamal Al-Gashey , who is believed to be the sole survivor, is still living today in hiding in an unspecified African country with his wife and two children. The Olympic events were suspended several hours after the initial attack for the first time in the modern Olympic Games history, but once the incident was concluded, Avery Brundage , the International Olympic Committee president, declared that "the Games must go on". A memorial ceremony

676-573: The Timişoara tram system and the Bucharest tram system . Other trains were scrapped or given to private interested parties. After temporarily only one car had been used in regular service, six P3.16 cars and five trailers were in regular use again in mid-2014. One motor-car was preserved as an inoperable exhibit at the MVG Museum. It was disassembled as a spare parts donor in early 2016. Three prototypes of

728-753: The 'Verkehrszentrum' (Transport Centre) of the Deutsches Museum in Munich. The first four M1.62 trams and two m1.62 trailers were delivered by Rathgeber and Westwaggon in 1949 and 1950. Based on the experience with the M1.62, eight M2.63 trams were delivered from 1951 to 1953. These trams had a different door arrangement than its predecessor. Additionally, eight m2.65 trailers were delivered by Rathgeber and Westwaggon in 1951 and 1952. From 1953 to 1955, 100 type M3.64 trams were built by Rathgeber. From 1956 to 1959, 98 more M4.65 trams were delivered, and from 1963 to 1965, 75 M5.65 trams were delivered. The M tram fleet also had

780-542: The 1972 Summer Games was withdrawn by the International Olympic Committee four days before the opening ceremony, in response to African countries' (such as Ethiopia and Kenya ) protests against the Rhodesian government. (Rhodesia did, however, compete in the 1972 Summer Paralympics , held a little earlier in Heidelberg .) The People's Republic of China last competed at the 1952 Summer Games but had since withdrawn from

832-675: The 64th IOC Session in Rome , Italy , over bids presented by Detroit, Madrid, and Montréal. Montréal would eventually host the following Olympic Games in 1976 . The Games were largely overshadowed by what has come to be known as the "Munich massacre". Just before dawn on 5 September, a group of eight members of the Palestinian Black September militant organization broke into the Olympic Village and took eleven Israeli athletes, coaches and officials hostage in their apartments. Two of

884-421: The Games' official motto, "Die Heiteren Spiele" , or "the cheerful Games". The logo of the Games was a blue solar logo (the "Bright Sun") by Otl Aicher , the designer and director of the visual conception commission. The hostesses wore sky-blue dirndls as a promotion of Bavarian cultural heritage. The Olympic mascot, the dachshund " Waldi ", was the first officially named Olympic mascot. The Olympic Fanfare

936-713: The Games. The cost for Munich 1972 compares with costs of US$ 4.6 billion for Rio 2016, US$ 15 billion for London 2012 (the most costly Summer Olympics to date) and US$ 51 billion for Sochi 2014 — the most expensive Olympic Games in history. Average cost for Summer Games since 1960 is US$ 5.2 billion. The 1972 Summer Olympic programme featured 195 events in the following 21 sports: Eleven nations made their first Olympic appearance in Munich: Albania , Dahomey (now Benin ), Gabon , North Korea , Lesotho , Malawi , Saudi Arabia , Somalia , Swaziland , Togo , Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso ). Rhodesia 's invitation to take part in

988-669: The IOC due to a dispute with the Republic of China over the right to represent China. ‡ No medals were awarded on 5 September as all Olympic competitions were suspended during that day although events that were being held at the time of the suspension were allowed to finish to their conclusion. Note: The Memorial service was held in the Olympic Stadium on 6 September which was attended by 80,000 spectators and 3,000 athletes. Following this all Olympic competitions were then allowed to resume after

1040-570: The MVG's bus network, the Munich U-Bahn and the Munich S-Bahn , all of which use a common tariff as part of the Münchner Verkehrs- und Tarifverbund (Munich Transport and Tariff Association, or MVV) transit area. As of 2012, the daytime tram network comprises 13 lines and is 79 kilometres (49 mi) long with 165 stops . There is also a night tram service with four routes. The network

1092-659: The Munich tram network comprises thirteen daytime routes and four night routes. The tram network totals 79 kilometres (49 mi) of route length, including 55 kilometres (34 mi) of segregated tram lane, with 165 stops . The network is standard gauge track and configured to allow a maximum body width of 2.3 metres (7 ft 7 in). It is electrified using overhead lines at 750 VDC. As all Munich trams are single ended, facilities for turning trams, such as turning loops or wye tracks , are provided at all termini and strategic intermediate points. The daytime route network operates between 04:45 and 01:30, and comprises

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1144-569: The Oscar-winning documentary, One Day in September . An account of the aftermath is also dramatized in three films: the 1976 made-for-TV movie 21 Hours at Munich , the 1986 made-for-TV movie Sword of Gideon and Steven Spielberg 's 2005 film Munich . In her film 1972 , Artist Sarah Morris interviews Georg Sieber, a former police psychiatrist who advised the Olympics' security team, about

1196-752: The Stadelheimer Straße junction, the upper and lower parts of the road join back together. Above ground, in No. 210, was the former Reichszeugmeisterei of the SA/NSDAP, the successor institution of the NS-Wirtschaftsstelle located there since 1928/1929 in the barracks , which in the post-war period served the Americans under the name of McGraw-Kaserne . Today, a branch of the Munich Police Department

1248-485: The T1 tram. In May 2014, MVG announced a prequalification procedure in which interested manufacturers can submit vehicle designs to the proposals. Due to the increasing ridership, trams were tendered to be able to operate in multiple , reaching a total length of 48 meters. The double traction trains, which are to consist of two coupled tramways, should provide space for 270 passengers. However, for these trains to be able to travel,

1300-514: The airport, tonight. They're all gone." —After a series of conflicting reports and rumours, Jim McKay of ABC brought the news at 3:24 a.m. local time. All but three of the terrorists were killed as well. Although arrested and imprisoned pending trial, they were released by the West German government on 29 October 1972, in exchange for the hijacked Lufthansa Flight 615 . Two of those three were supposedly hunted down and assassinated later by

1352-423: The city centre. As these networks grew, they seemed to threaten the tram network, with extensive line closures in favour of the new modes. Such closures continued into the 1990s, but in 1991 the city council passed a plan to upgrade and modernize the tramway, as the trams were seen to be a better fit to expected passenger flows on many routes. Three years later, Class R2 low-floor trams were introduced, along with

1404-536: The city centre. The line number has not been assigned yet. The €170 million Euro construction approved on 21 March 2018 is expected to begin in 2024 and completed by 2027 the latest. Another new tram line project in discussion is the Nordtangente (North Tangent) across the Englischer Garten , linking Elisabethplatz (Trams lines 27 and 28) in the west with terminus at Romanplatz and Tivolistraße (Tram line 16) in

1456-499: The current Metrobus 51 and the 1928 tram extension plan. The line will have seventeen stops with subway transfer points at Aidenbachstraße station (southern terminus), Holzapfelkreuth station , Laimer Platz station , and München-Laim S-Bahn station along with Tram line 12 and lines 16 and 17 at Romanplatz (northern terminus), Tram line 18 at Agnes-Bernauer-Straße, and Tram line 19 at Ammerseestraße. The passengers can transfer to Tram line 12 for further journey to Schwabing, bypassing

1508-549: The east of the city, from Max Weber Platz to Berg am Laim S-Bahn station . The extension comprises 2.8 kilometres (1.7 mi) of segregated alignment with seven new stops, and a journey time of approximately eight minutes. The area served is undergoing redevelopment. The tram system uses five types of tram: A number of older trams are still owned by the MVG. Some are exhibited in the MVG Museum , and may occasionally be seen on special services. Other Munich trams are displayed in

1560-519: The east with terminus at St. Emmeram. Additionally, the proposal also examines the possible southern extension of Tram line 23 to connect with the Nordtangente at Martiusstraße and Leopoldstraße intersection and eastern extension of Tram lines 16 and 17 to the Johanneskirchen S-Bahn station at Johanneskirchner Straße and Cosimastraße. The Englischer Garten tram line was proposed in 1927 but

1612-602: The end of the 1990s, additional low-floor vehicles with a higher capacity than the R2.2 series were purchased. 20 R3.3 series trams were delivered between 1999 and 2001. Although the R3.3 is based directly on the R2.2, it features a different front design and more doors. Since 2010, around 50 R2.2 trains have been refurbished by a subsidiary of Leipziger Verkehrsbetriebe. The Class S tram is an articulated tram built by Stadler Rail to its Variobahn design. The five-section 100% low-floor trams have

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1664-500: The events and aftermath of Black September. The Oxford Olympics Study established the outturn cost of the Munich 1972 Summer Olympics at US$ 1.0 billion in 2015-dollars. This includes sports-related costs only, that is, (i) operational costs incurred by the organizing committee for the purpose of staging the Games, e.g., expenditures for technology, transportation, workforce, administration, security, catering, ceremonies, and medical services, and (ii) direct capital costs incurred by

1716-454: The first new tram line after the war was opened. The 1972 Munich Olympic Games presaged a major expansion of public transport in the city. In 1965, construction of the Munich U-Bahn , the city's rapid transit system, was started. It opened in 1971, the same year as the transit authority MVV was founded. In 1972 a new S-Bahn network opened that, like the U-Bahn, was carried in new tunnels under

1768-416: The following routes: The night route network operates between 01:30 and 04:30, and comprises the following routes: The new 8.25-kilometre (5.13 mi) Westtangente line is meeting the demand for a crosstown transportation in the west, serving five municipalities: Neuhausen-Nymphenburg, Laim, Sendling-Westpark, Hadern, and Thalkirchen-Obersendling-Forstenried-Fürstenried-Solln. The new line follows mostly

1820-474: The host city and country or private investors to build, e.g., the competition venues, the Olympic village, international broadcast center, and media and press center, which are required to host the Games. Indirect capital costs are not included, such as for road, rail, or airport infrastructure, or for hotel upgrades or other business investment incurred in preparation for the Games but not directly related to staging

1872-527: The hostages who resisted were killed in the first moments of the break-in; the subsequent standoff in the Olympic Village lasted for almost 18 hours. Late in the evening of 5 September that same day, the terrorists and their nine remaining hostages were transferred by helicopter to the military airport of Fürstenfeldbruck , ostensibly to board a plane bound for an undetermined Arab country. The German authorities planned to ambush them there, but underestimated

1924-906: The intersection of Candidstraße, the Tegernseer Landstraße makes a 90-degree curve to the southeast, and straight ahead, the Grünwalder Straße begins. The part of the road between the intersection with Candidstraße at the Grünwalder Stadion and the St. Quirin Platz, where the Chiemgaustraße branches off, is a part of the Mittlerer Ring and dedicated as the Bundesstraße B 2R; it is also part of Europastraße 54 . The Tegernseer Landstraße leads, in

1976-412: The northern and southern Englischer Garten once again. The tunnel moves the tram and bus traffic underground, removing the noise and congestion. Without the traffic on the thoroughfare, the safety of pedestrians and cyclists is enhanced. As to reduce the construction cost by making tunnels lower in height, the overhead lines would not be installed in the tunnel. The trams would switch to battery power during

2028-565: The numbers of their opposition and were thus undermanned. During a botched rescue attempt, all of the Israeli hostages were killed. Four of them were shot, then incinerated when one of the terrorists detonated a grenade inside the helicopter in which the hostages were sitting. The 5 remaining hostages were then shot and killed with a machine gun. "Our worst fears have been realized tonight. They have now said that there were 11 hostages. Two were killed in their rooms, yesterday morning. Nine were killed at

2080-405: The park. MVG and Stadler Rail modified one Class S tram with lithium-ion batteries for feasibility runs at Velten near Berlin : this specially modified tram broke the world distance record by running 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) on a test track. The Class S trams delivered to MVG in 2012 are designed to be retrofitted with batteries. After the success of Initiative M-ein Englischer Garten ,

2132-582: The park. The design of these stadia was considered revolutionary, with sweeping canopies of acrylic glass stabilized by metal ropes, used on such a large scale for the first time. The event was overshadowed by the Munich massacre in the second week, in which 11 Israeli athletes and coaches and a West German police officer at the Olympic Village were killed by the Palestinian militant organisation Black September . Munich won its Olympic bid on 26 April 1966, at

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2184-469: The prototypes proved successful, between 1966 and 1968 a total of 42 P3.16 trams were built. A total of 40 p2.14, p2.15 and p3.17 trailers were built by Rathgeber between 1964 and 1968. The type P2 trams were decommissioned in 1982 (motored cars) and 1989 (trailers). Since the 1990s, after delivery of the successor type R3.3, the P3 trains are retired. Between 2001 and 2003, many cars were sold to Romania for use on

2236-435: The stops still need to be extended. The trams were expected to join the Munich fleet in 2017. In October 2015, MVG finally commissioned 22 more Avenio trams from Siemens. Nine two-car and three-car trams were ordered, which can be coupled with each other. Four four-car trams also have been ordered. The contract also includes an option for up to 124 further trams. The 22 new trams will be delivered from mid-2017. As of 2012,

2288-462: The time were dominated by a pacifist approach imposed after World War II. This led to the creation of the elite counter-terrorist unit GSG 9 , similar to the British SAS . It also led Israel to launch the Mossad assassinations following the Munich massacre , in which those suspected of involvement were systematically tracked down and assassinated. The events of the Munich massacre were chronicled in

2340-424: The tram line would cause safety hazard for pedestrians and cyclists who in a very large number share the same thoroughfare. The overhead lines could not be used due to the sensitive nature environment in Englischer Garten and due to many mature trees in close proximity. An initial proposal was to use the specially modified trams that run on batteries across Englischer Garten before reverting to overhead lines outside

2392-715: The travel through tunnel before switching back to the overhead lines outside the park. 48°08′54″N 11°27′42″E  /  48.1484°N 11.4616°E  / 48.1484; 11.4616 1972 Summer Olympics The 1972 Summer Olympics ( German : Olympische Sommerspiele 1972 ), officially known as the Games of the XX Olympiad ( German : Spiele der XX. Olympiade ) and officially branded as Munich 1972 ( German : München 1972 ; Bavarian : Minga 1972 ), were an international multi-sport event held in Munich , West Germany , from 26 August to 11 September 1972. It

2444-508: Was composed by Herbert Rehbein . The Soviet Union won the most gold and overall medals. The Olympic Park ( Olympiapark ) was based on Frei Otto 's plans and became a Munich landmark after the Games. The competition sites, designed by architect Günther Behnisch , included the Olympic swimming hall , the Olympics Hall ( Olympiahalle , a multipurpose facility) and the Olympic Stadium ( Olympiastadion ), and an Olympic village very close to

2496-411: Was extended to serve St. Emmeram, with knock-on effects on routes 17, 18 and 27. In December 2012 new routes 22 and 28 were opened. In December 2013, the extension of route 19, from its previous terminus at Pasing-Marienplatz to München-Pasing railway station , was opened in order to enable better interchange with S-Bahn and long-distance train services. In December 2016, route 25 was extended to

2548-446: Was founded. Electric trams were introduced by Union-Elektricitäts-Gesellschaft in 1895. In 1900, the last horsecar was taken out of service. In 1907, MTAG was taken over by the city, and changed its name to Städtische Straßenbahnen . In 1919, the municipal agency Münchner Straßenbahnen was established. After World War II ended in 1945, only twenty tram lines remained; of 444 trams, only 168 were in operational condition. In 1956,

2600-439: Was immediately rejected by the city council. The proposal for the Nordtangente isn't without controversy due to the feasibility of running trams through the busy thoroughfare and potential damage to the environment during the construction and after the service launch. Several buses (MetroBus 54, 58, and 68 as well as local Bus 154) currently serve the 600-metre-long Englischer Garten thoroughfare, adding noise and congestion. Adding

2652-729: Was the second Summer Olympics to be held in Germany, after the 1936 Games in Berlin , which had taken place under the Nazi rule . Germany became only the second country at that point after the United States to have two different cities host the Summer Olympics. The West German government had been eager to have the Munich Olympics present a democratic and optimistic Germany to the world, as shown by

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2704-467: Was then held in the Olympic stadium, and the competitions resumed after a stoppage of 34 hours. Due to the suspension, the Games that were originally to close on 10 September were rescheduled to 11 September. The attack prompted heightened security at subsequent Olympics beginning with the 1976 Winter Olympics . The massacre led the German federal government to re-examine its anti-terrorism policies, which at

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