59-403: The Hutt River ( Māori : Te Awa Kairangi , Te Wai o Orutu or Heretaunga ; officially Te Awa Kairangi / Hutt River ) flows through the southern North Island of New Zealand . It flows south-west from the southern Tararua Range for 56 kilometres (35 mi), forming a number of fertile floodplains , including Kaitoke , central Upper Hutt and Lower Hutt . The Hutt River Trail,
118-406: A 29 kilometre cycling and walking route, follows the entire length of the river from Petone to Kaitoke Regional Park at Upper Hutt , linking up to Kaitoke Regional Park . Most of the track is gravel, but some is sealed or grass. Some low-lying parts of the track can be affected by flooding. There are several spots for swimming, fishing and kayaking. The trail includes some filming locations for
177-645: A gothic style. When it was built in 1902-1903 it had the tallest spire in New Zealand, but the spire was removed in 1954 after being damaged in a storm. The Te Puna Wai Ora (Spring of Life) in Buick Street provides pure untreated artesian (underground pressured) water from taps. The water originates from the Hutt River at the Taita Gorge and is safe to drink in its natural form as it has been naturally filtered through
236-414: A regional park administered by Wellington Regional Council , runs alongside the eastern side of the river. Early Māori residents, such as Ngāi Tara, called the river Te Awa Kairangi. Later Māori settlers named it Te Wai o Orutu after Orutu, a Ngāti Mamoe ancestor. By the time European settlers arrived, Māori called it Heretaunga, a name adopted by an Upper Hutt suburb and secondary school . The river
295-683: A shallow sandy beach, formed by sediment from the Hutt River, which is a popular family swimming spot. The Korokoro Stream comes down off the hills at the western side of Petone. As a low-lying suburb, Petone is vulnerable to tsunami and the threat of flooding. During a severe storm on 20 December 1976 , the Korokoro Stream caused flooding almost a metre deep in the industrial area of Petone around Cornish Street, and more than 40 people had to be rescued from factory roofs. Two Maori pā (fortified settlement) were already established at Pito-one near
354-506: A symbolic tethering of a newborn to the whenua (land) in Māori culture . Petone is flat. It is nestled between the Hutt River to the north and east, hills on the west and Wellington Harbour to the south. The land along the Petone foreshore was uplifted by a metre or more after the 1855 Wairarapa earthquake . This improved drainage around the mouth of the Hutt River. The foreshore at Petone has
413-681: A whole. During the Last Glacial Period when sea levels were over 100 metres lower than present day levels, the North and South islands were connected by a vast coastal plain which formed at the South Taranaki Bight . During this period, most of the North Island was covered in thorn scrubland and forest , while the modern-day Northland Peninsula was a subtropical rainforest . Sea levels began to rise 7,000 years ago, eventually separating
472-574: Is being used as a work space by contractors building Te Ara Tupua , a cycleway connecting Petone and Wellington. The reserve is a park and walkway at the mouth of the Hutt River. It features a disc-golf course. The reserve was the site of Ngati Awa's Hikoikoi Pa. One remnant of Petone's industrial history is the Petone Wharf. The original wharf was built to allow the Gear Meat Works to move its products quickly to Wellington for export. That wharf
531-471: Is commemorated in the Petone Settlers Museum , which has a sculpture shaped like the bow of the ship protruding from the front of the building. Maori from the nearby Pito-one pā came to meet the new arrivals, with one passenger recording in his diary: "The first great object of attraction was the venerable old chief Te Puni, his interesting and beautiful wife ‘Victoria,’ and his handsome daughter Aena,
590-523: Is home to the Jackson Street Programme Inc. (JSP) which was established in 1992. The Historic Police Station is the JSP's office, and has information on Jackson Street and Petone for visitors and tourists. The Old Jail became a museum with exhibits about policing in Petone and the history of Jackson Street. Jackson Street also features a 'Walk of Champions': over 140 bronze plaques have been laid on
649-459: Is in the North Island", "my mother lives in the North Island". Maps, headings, tables, and adjectival expressions use North Island without "the". According to Māori mythology , the North and South Islands of New Zealand arose through the actions of the demigod Māui . Māui and his brothers were fishing from their canoe (the South Island) when he caught a great fish and pulled it right up from
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#1732844529911708-467: Is now and navigable for some distance by large canoes and boats. Māori would take produce grown in the Hutt Valley down the river by canoe and across the harbour to Wellington city. Thick bush grew down to the water's edge. When early European settlers cleared the bush, the river banks began to disintegrate and collapse into the river. This led to soil being washed into the river, more flooding and changes in
767-469: Is one of the two main islands of New Zealand , separated from the larger but less populous South Island by Cook Strait . With an area of 113,729 km (43,911 sq mi), it is the world's 14th-largest island , constituting 43% of New Zealand's land area. It has a population of 4,077,800 (June 2024), which is 76% of New Zealand's residents, making it the most populous island in Polynesia and
826-678: Is the Kaitoke Gorge, a popular destination for rafting . Below the gorge is Te Mārua , where the Mangaroa River joins the Hutt from the east. Further down, at Birchville , the Akatarawa River joins the Hutt from the west. Here it flows in a deep channel between the surrounding hills and is turned to flow across the Wellington Fault to Maoribank . The movement of the fault can be seen from
885-547: The 2013 census , and an increase of 945 people (14.4%) since the 2006 census . There were 2,955 households, comprising 3,753 males and 3,738 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.0 males per female, with 1,167 people (15.6%) aged under 15 years, 1,650 (22.0%) aged 15 to 29, 3,492 (46.6%) aged 30 to 64, and 1,188 (15.9%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 71.6% European/ Pākehā , 15.5% Māori , 8.2% Pasifika , 16.1% Asian , and 2.4% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. The percentage of people born overseas
944-448: The 28th-most-populous island in the world. Twelve main urban areas (half of them officially cities) are in the North Island. From north to south, they are Whangārei , Auckland , Hamilton , Tauranga , Rotorua , Gisborne , New Plymouth , Napier , Hastings , Whanganui , Palmerston North , and New Zealand's capital city Wellington , which is located at the south-west tip of the island. The island has been known internationally as
1003-798: The Lord of the Rings film franchise. The Lower Hutt Parkrun runs along the last 2.5-kilometre (1.6 mi) section of the Hutt River from just north of the Ewen Bridge down to the Waione Bridge and back. The river has a good stock of brown trout. Heading downstream: 41°14′S 174°54′E / 41.233°S 174.900°E / -41.233; 174.900 North Island The North Island ( Māori : Te Ika-a-Māui [tɛ i.kɐ ɐ mɑː.ʉ.i] , lit. 'the fish of Māui', officially North Island or Te Ika-a-Māui or historically New Ulster )
1062-548: The North Island for many years. The Te Reo Māori name for it, Te Ika-a-Māui , also has official recognition but it remains seldom used by most residents. On some 19th-century maps, the North Island is named New Ulster (named after Ulster province in northern Ireland) which was also a province of New Zealand that included the North Island. In 2009 the New Zealand Geographic Board found that, along with
1121-558: The Petone Rugby Club founded in 1885. New Zealand's first state housing was constructed in Petone in 1906, with some of the original houses remaining in good condition. The local tourist office provides a guide showing where these houses are located. Star Flats (state housing apartment blocks built in the 1960s) are located in Jackson Street and East Street. Historian Ben Schrader has identified that this state housing may be
1180-628: The Port Nicholson natives ... total population 136". Edward Jerningham Wakefield described the locality as a "sandy beach, which is about two miles long. The main river falls into the sea at the eastern end ... and is called the Heretaunga [Hutt River]. A merry brawling stream, called the Korokoro, or "throat", flows between [Pito-one pa] and the western hills. The valley ... [is] bounded on either side by wooded hills from 300 to 400 feet in height. It
1239-573: The 2023 census, 63.1% of North Islanders identified as European ( Pākehā ), 19.8% as Māori , 10.6% as Pacific peoples , 19.3% as Asian , 1.9% as Middle Eastern/Latin American/African, and 1.1% as other ethnicities. Percentages add to more than 100% as people can identify with more than one ethnicity. Māori form the majority in three districts of the North Island: Kawerau (63.2%), Ōpōtiki (66.2%) and Wairoa (68.5%). Europeans formed
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#17328445299111298-509: The 20th century, Petone was a thriving, largely working-class town. It was the location of several large industrial sites, including car assembly plants, a meat processing plant, a wool processing plant, a tobacco processing plant, a soap factory and a toothpaste factory. The majority of these closed in the 1970s and 1980s, resulting in gradual economic decline in the area. Defunct Petone industries Petone gained borough status in 1888. The borough's first coat of arms had images representing
1357-459: The Gear Meat Company, the woollen mills and the railway workshops, showing how important these businesses were to the local economy. Petone Borough amalgamated with Lower Hutt as a result of the local government reform in 1989 . The suburb has since enjoyed renewed economic growth, using its early European heritage as a draw for tourists and gaining many cafes and shops. Petone is home to
1416-520: The Hutt Aquifer, is a pressurized zone of water-retaining sand, gravel and boulders beneath the Hutt Valley and Wellington Harbour which provides about 40% of the public fresh water supply for Lower Hutt and Wellington city. Water flows down into the aquifer from a five-kilometre stretch of the Hutt River south of Taita Gorge, at the rate of 1000 litres per second. It takes several years for water in
1475-575: The North Island is provided by fifteen District Health Boards (DHBs) . Organised around geographical areas of varying population sizes, they are not coterminous with the Local Government Regions . Petone Petone ( Māori : Pito-one ) is a large suburb of Lower Hutt , Wellington . It stands at the southern end of the Hutt Valley , on the northern shore of Wellington Harbour . Europeans first settled in Petone in January 1840, making it
1534-508: The South Island, the North Island had no official name. After a public consultation, the board officially named it North Island, or the aforementioned Te Ika-a-Māui, in October 2013. In prose, the two main islands of New Zealand are called the North Island and the South Island , with the definite article. It is also normal to use the preposition in rather than on , for example "Hamilton
1593-437: The South Island, this is solely due to the North Island having higher natural increase (i.e. births minus deaths) and international migration; since the late 1980s, the internal migration flow has been from the North Island to the South Island. In the year to June 2020, the North Island gained 21,950 people from natural increase and 62,710 people from international migration, while losing 3,570 people from internal migration. At
1652-462: The South Island, with the country's largest city, Auckland, and the capital, Wellington, accounting for nearly half of it. There are 30 urban areas in the North Island with a population of 10,000 or more: The sub-national GDP of the North Island was estimated at NZ$ 282.355 billion in 2021 (78% of New Zealand's national GDP). Nine local government regions cover the North Island and its adjacent islands and territorial waters. Healthcare in
1711-458: The Te Puni Street urūpa (burial ground). Hōniana Te Puni Reserve is a 5-hectare grassed reserve at the western end of the Petone foreshore. The reserve, formerly known as 'Korokoro Gateway', was given to Taranaki Whānui ki Te Upoko o Te Ika in 2009 as part of a Treaty settlement and is managed by Hutt City Council. Wellington Rowing Association and Wellington Water Ski Club have buildings on
1770-511: The alluvial gravels and sands of the Hutt Valley over several years. It is free, and consumers travel long distances to collect the water for drinking purposes. Petone Settlers Museum is housed in the Wellington Provincial Centennial Memorial Building on the Petone foreshore, opposite Buick Street. The building was opened on Wellington Anniversary Day 1940 to commemorate the arrival of the ship Aurora and
1829-552: The beach when the first European settlers arrived in the region. At the western end of the beach was the Pito-one pā, and at the other end near the mouth of the Hutt River stood Ngati Awa's Hikoikoi pā. In 1850 the pā at Pito-one was described as "the largest and best fortified within the District of Wellington ... their cultivations of kumara and maize look well and the residents, in point of comfort and wealth, are better off than any of
Hutt River (New Zealand) - Misplaced Pages Continue
1888-707: The best course of action. In November 2023 Hutt City Council announced that it would be demolishing the wharf. The Petone Rotary Fair is a notable local event, held annually since 1992, that draws people from all over the greater Wellington region to Jackson Street, Petone's main thoroughfare, which is closed off to traffic for the event. The purpose of the fair is not only to raise the profile of Petone and provide an enjoyable day out, but to raise money for charity. The fair consists of various stalls selling products such as plants, artwork, jewellery, CDs & DVDs, cosmetics, food and drink, etc., and there are musicians, carnival rides, and displays from various organisations such as
1947-455: The building of state housing by the first Labour Government starting in 1937, there were many market gardens in Lower Hutt. Well-established foot tracks along the river were formally signposted in the 1990s, through a collaboration between Wellington Regional Council , local Rotary International clubs, Hutt City Council , Upper Hutt City Council and other groups. The Hutt River Trail,
2006-411: The circumnavigation of New Zealand. The maps described the North Island as " Ea Heinom Auwe " and " Aeheinomowe ", which recognises the "Fish of Māui" element. Another Māori name that was given to the North Island, but is now used less commonly, is Aotearoa . Use of Aotearoa to describe the North Island fell out of favour in the early 20th century, and it is now a collective Māori name for New Zealand as
2065-447: The conclusion of the Otago gold rush in the 1860s, New Zealand's European population growth has experienced a steady 'Northern drift' as population centres in the North Island have grown faster than those of New Zealand's South Island. This population trend has continued into the twenty-first century, but at a much slower rate. While the North Island's population continues to grow faster than
2124-569: The direction of the Hutt River to the Falcon Shoals area (between Karaka Bay and Worser Bay ) at the harbour mouth via the paleochannel. State Highway 2 follows the course of the river for most of its length, with the exception of the Kaitoke Gorge and the head waters, before crossing the Remutaka Range into the Wairarapa . In the early nineteenth century, the Hutt River was deeper than it
2183-570: The displacement of the river terraces in Harcourt Park. At the top of the Upper Hutt floodplain, the river makes a sharp turn against the bedrock at the foot of the cliff at Maoribank to flow down the valley. The Upper Hutt floodplain contains the greater portion of Upper Hutt city. The Whakatiki River joins the Hutt from the west and it is about this point the river starts to flow along the virtually straight Wellington geologic fault , which lies on
2242-527: The first European settlement in Wellington. It is a building of national significance. In February 1940 a stone cross was erected on the Petone foreshore near the Settlers Museum, to commemorate 100 years since the first Presbyterian church service in New Zealand was held on board the settler ship Bengal Merchant at Petone on 23 February 1840. The cross is 2.7 m (15ft) high and carved on one side. The cross
2301-427: The first national government-led housing development in the world. Petone, comprising the statistical areas of Petone Central, Petone East and Petone Esplanade, covers 3.90 km (1.51 sq mi). It had an estimated population of 8,370 as of June 2024, with a population density of 2,146 people per km . Petone had a population of 7,491 at the 2018 New Zealand census , an increase of 816 people (12.2%) since
2360-431: The footpath celebrating 200 local sportspeople who have represented New Zealand or become national champions in their sport. St David's is a Presbyterian church at 4 Britannia Street with a Heritage New Zealand Category 2 listing. It was built in 1889 in a simple Colonial Gothic style designed by Christian Toxward . Originally it had a large steeple but this was later removed after being damaged by weather and rot. In 1993
2419-648: The islands and linking the Cook Strait to the Tasman Sea . The North Island has an estimated population of 4,077,800 as of June 2024. The North Island had a population of 3,808,005 at the 2023 New Zealand census , an increase of 213,453 people (5.9%) since the 2018 census , and an increase of 570,957 people (17.6%) since the 2013 census . Of the total population, 733,893 people (19.3%) were aged under 15 years, 743,154 (19.5%) were 15 to 29, 1,721,427 (45.2%) were 30 to 64, and 609,534 (16.0%) were 65 or older. Ever since
Hutt River (New Zealand) - Misplaced Pages Continue
2478-458: The lofty branches, was superb. The river being much narrower that it is now, while the valley was under forest, the flood waters would necessarily be held back, and the scour and rush of gravel and sand that has since contributed to widen it did not then prevail to nearly the same extent. The river was also changed by a major earthquake in 1855 that raised the riverbed. The regular flooding of Lower Hutt resulted in highly fertile land and prior to
2537-471: The mouth at Petone the river is narrower and the banks steeper. The larger populated areas in Upper Hutt and Lower Hutt are protected from flooding by stopbanks and introduced willow trees , as is common in New Zealand. The headwaters in the Kaitoke Regional Park are closed to preserve the quality of the drinking water drawn off at Kaitoke to supply the greater Wellington area. Below Kaitoke
2596-549: The oldest European settlement in the Wellington Region. It became a borough in 1888, and merged with Lower Hutt (branded as "Hutt City") in 1989. In November 2023, Hutt City Council decided to consult the New Zealand Geographic Board about changing the suburb's name to "Pito-one" - the area's original Māori name. The Māori name Pito-one means "an umbilical chord ( pito ) buried in the sand ( one )", as
2655-465: The plurality in the Auckland region (49.8%) and are the majority in the remaining 39 districts. The proportion of North Islanders born overseas at the 2018 census were 29.3%. The most common foreign countries of birth were England (15.4% of overseas-born residents), Mainland China (11.3%), India (10.1%), South Africa (5.9%), Australia (5.5%) and Samoa (5.3%). The North Island has a larger population than
2714-423: The princess, together with sons and endless relatives and a pa full of natives who were delighted to greet us with ‘Kapai te Pakeha,’ Tena-koe, and other expressions of greeting.” A beach settlement of small wooden houses and tents was established, which was initially called Britannia. The earliest European settlers found life hard. Nevertheless, the settlement grew: the population of "Pito-one and Hutt" in 1845
2773-448: The river's course. Writing in 1880, James Coutts Crawford described the river as he had seen it in 1840: The alluvial land on the banks of the Hutt was at this time covered by a dense forest, many of the trees being of gigantic size. Boats could ascend the river to the locality of the present bridge [near the current Ewen Bridge], and the sight of the foliage on the banks at this point, with the white clematis hanging in graceful folds from
2832-480: The sea. While he was not looking, his brothers fought over the fish and chopped it up. This great fish became the North Island, and thus a Māori name for the North Island is Te Ika-a-Māui ("The Fish of Māui"). The mountains and valleys are believed to have been formed as a result of Māui's brothers' hacking at the fish. During Captain James Cook 's voyage between 1769 and 1770 , Tahitian navigator Tupaia accompanied
2891-401: The site, and the reserve is popular with walkers and as a dog exercise area. A pouwhenua (carved pole) was erected on the reserve in 2000. The pouwhenua represents chief Honiana Te Puni and commemorates the arrival of the first European settlers at Petone. It was carved by Bryce Manukonga of Te Āti Awa . The pouwhenua was repaired and reinstalled at the reserve in 2019. As of 2023 the reserve
2950-453: The steeple was restored and a porte cochere was added. The church has a decorated pipe organ and there is a large stained glass memorial window. The church is now used for services by the Samoan community. St Augustine's is an Anglican church at 12 Britannia Street which has a Heritage New Zealand Category 2 listing. The church is built of wood, and was designed by Frederick de Jersey Clere in
3009-574: The underground aquifer to reach Waterloo from the Taita Gorge, and about 10 years to reach the Petone foreshore. The water level in Wellington Harbour was much lower 20,000 years ago, and the ancient Hutt River used to flow down a paleochannel to the east of Matiu / Somes Island as far as the present-day Miramar Peninsula . Much of the water in the Waiwhetu Aquifer moves under the sea bed from
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#17328445299113068-535: The western side of the river valley. At the lower end of the Upper Hutt floodplain is Taita Gorge, which separates Upper Hutt from Lower Hutt ; this gorge is significantly shorter and less constricting than Kaitoke Gorge. The river's outflow, at Petone , is into Wellington Harbour . The geological fault that the river previously followed continues as a steep bluff at the edge of the Wellington Harbour . The Waiwhetu artesian aquifer , sometimes referred to as
3127-565: Was 28.0, compared with 27.1% nationally. Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 48.4% had no religion, 35.0% were Christian , 1.2% had Māori religious beliefs , 4.9% were Hindu , 0.8% were Muslim , 0.9% were Buddhist and 3.3% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 2,046 (32.4%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 852 (13.5%) people had no formal qualifications. 1,440 people (22.8%) earned over $ 70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15
3186-490: Was covered with high forest to within a mile and a half of the beach, when swamps full of flax and a belt of sand hummocks intervened." Petone was the first European settlement in the Wellington region and retains many historical buildings and landmarks. The first European settlers in large numbers arrived on 22 January 1840 on the ship Aurora which brought 25 married couples, 36 single persons and 40 children. The Aurora
3245-404: Was demolished and the current wharf built slightly further north along the shore in 1908-1909. The wharf was popular with walkers and people fishing, but was closed to the public in January 2021 after suffering earthquake damage in the 2016 Kaikōura earthquake and two smaller subsequent earthquakes. In May 2021 Hutt City Council voted to repair the wharf but as of May 2022 was still considering
3304-414: Was given as 649, compared to, "Town of Wellington" of 2,667. There was horse racing at Pito-one Beach on 20 October 1842, attracting a crowd of five or six hundred people from Wellington. After repeated flooding, most settlers moved south around the harbour to Thorndon . Thorndon is at the shore of what is now the city of Wellington , New Zealand's capital. From the late 19th century and for much of
3363-623: Was named Hutt after Sir William Hutt , chairman of the New Zealand Company . This name was given by Captain Edward Main Chaffers and Colonel William Wakefield while charting Port Nicholson in 1839. The official name since 2011 is Te Awa Kairangi / Hutt River. For most of its length, the Hutt is a shallow and sometimes braided river in a wide rocky bed, but in the Kaitoke gorge the river flows directly over bedrock , and approaching
3422-687: Was supposed to have been a replica of the MacLean Cross at Iona in Scotland donated by the Church of Scotland, but due to the outbreak of World War 2 this was not possible. Instead, the cross was carved in Auckland or Coromandel, and is made of Coromandel Tonalite, a type of rock formerly quarried on the Coromandel Peninsula. The cross has a 'Historic Place Category 2' listing from Heritage New Zealand. The Hōniana Te Puni-kōkopu memorial can be found in
3481-433: Was that 3,468 (54.8%) people were employed full-time, 795 (12.6%) were part-time, and 261 (4.1%) were unemployed. Petone's main street has over 220 businesses (most are small unique businesses), has free parking, is a hub for hospitality, and is listed by Heritage New Zealand as a historic area. Petone's former police station and jail, built in 1908, were moved to a site on Jackson Street in 1994 from Elizabeth Street, and
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