Misplaced Pages

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43-547: TAFII originated from "Operations Monty" named after then Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of External Affairs and Defense, Major Montague Jayawickrama in 1952 to stop illegal immigration of Indian Tamils repatriated to India after they were refused citizenship by the government of Ceylon following the Ceylon Citizenship Act and subsequent legislation. Formed under the command of Lt. Colonel H. W. G. Wijeyekoon ,

86-404: A Bodhi tree sapling . On 25 December 1955, he was appointed Officer Commanding Troops, Echelon Barracks , and served till 9 August 1956. On 1 October 1958, he was promoted to the rank lieutenant colonel and appointed the first commanding officer of the 1st Reconnaissance Regiment, with the expansion of the recce squadron to a full regiment . The 1st Reconnaissance Regiment became the core of

129-589: A lieutenant in the 1 Battalion, Ceylon Light Infantry as a regular officer on 22 October 1949, promoted to the rank of captain on the same day, he was then assigned as the General Staff Officer - Grade 3 (GSO3) at the Army Headquarters, Ceylon . On 27 July 1950 he was appointed as an Extra Aide-de-camp (ADC) to Lord Soulbury , the Governor General of Ceylon , succeeding Major Bevis Bawa . He

172-655: A satyagraha on 20 February 1961 at the Jaffna Kachcheri, led by S. J. V. Chelvanayakam . The police baton charged the protesters at the Jaffna Kachcheri after they prevented the Government Agent and Superintendent of Police from leaving the Kachcheri. Several Tamil MPs were injured. At the end of the day, Chelvanayakam issued a press statement saying that it was "a great day for the Tamil-speaking people of Ceylon. This

215-485: A detachment of the Ceylon Army was deployed to patrol the 72 mile stretch of coastline starting at Palagamunai, nine miles north of Mannar, right round the island of Mannar, and terminating at Achchankulam, twelve miles south of Mannar to stop human smugglers. This military aid to the civil powers operation started in support of the police which lacked the numbers to cover the large area. In July 1960, Sirima Bandaranaike

258-625: A guerilla warfare training course. Having relinquished his post of Commander, Army Force Panagoda on 13 August 1963, he was appointed Commander, Task Force Anti Illicit Immigration on 14 August 1963, later he also served as the Inspector of Training, Army Headquarters. He was then appointed Chief of Staff of the Army on 21 March 1964. He relinquished command of the Task Force Anti Illicit Immigration on 30 June 1965 and in 1966 he attended

301-500: A salary. According to Paul Keating in 1993, "the institution of Parliamentary Secretary provides a very inexpensive means not only of giving talented individuals executive experience but providing Ministers with needed support." In the state of Queensland , parliamentary secretaries were re-designated as 'assistant ministers' following the 2012 Queensland election . During Jean Chrétien 's term as Prime Minister of Canada , parliamentary secretaries were set to two-year terms and

344-486: A training ground for future ministers. In Australia, parliamentary secretaries are appointed in the federal government and most state governments. At the federal level, the Australian constitution provides only for the appointment of "ministers of state". Under current practice, ministers of state are divided into three levels: parliamentary secretaries are the third level, after cabinet ministers (ministers who are members of

387-637: Is established by the Constitution Act 1986 . Unlike ministers in the New Zealand Government , parliamentary under-secretaries are not members of the Executive Council . New Zealand also has Parliamentary Private Secretaries. In the United Kingdom , parliamentary secretary (in full, usually Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State in those departments headed by a secretary of state) is

430-617: Is expected to support the government at all times. A Parliamentary State Secretary ( Parlamentarischer Staatssekretär, PStS ) is a member of the Bundestag given a portfolio to assist a Minister with running a government ministry . The position is roughly analogous to deputy ministers. In 2021, there are 36 parliamentary state secretaries in the Merkel IV Cabinet . The position was first introduced in 1967 to help younger politicians gain experience for future ministerial roles. In

473-556: The 1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards . During this time he served as a military liaison officer ( military attaché ) to the High Commissioner for Ceylon in the United Kingdom. On his return to he took part in the formation of the "D" Company, 1st Battalion, Ceylon Light Infantry of which was appointed officer commanding . In 1955, Major D.S. Attygalle was tasked with raising a reconnaissance unit and on 10 October 1955, he formed

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516-596: The Cabinet of Australia ) and other ministers. Since 2015, "parliamentary secretaries" have been known as "assistant ministers" instead. However, the Ministers of State Act 1952 still refers to "parliamentary secretaries", as a category of "ministers of state". The prime minister is permitted to appoint a member from either house of Parliament to be a parliamentary secretary to a minister. As they are ministers of state for constitutional purposes, parliamentary secretaries may be paid

559-585: The Ceylon Armoured Corps . He attended a training with the Royal Armoured Corps from March to April 1959. Held the post of the commanding officer, 1st Reconnaissance Regiment until March 1964. On 1 December 1962, he was promoted to the rank of colonel ; he took up appointment as Commander, Army Force Panagoda , whilst serving as commanding officer, Ceylon Armoured Corps. In June 1963, he went on an official visit to Yugoslavia, where he underwent

602-490: The Imperial Defence College . On his return he resumed duties as Chief of Staff. He relinquished Chief of Staff duties and was promoted to the rank of Brigadier on 22 September 1967 and appointed as Acting Commander of the Army after the retirement of Major General B.R. Heyn . On 1 October 1967, Attygalle was promoted to the rank of Major General and confirmed as Commander of the Army . Under his leadership,

645-562: The Irish Free State , the Ministers and Secretaries Act, 1924 created the post of Parliamentary Secretary, originally limited to seven holders. In 1978, the office was superseded in Ireland by the office of Minister of State . Sepala Attygalle General Deshamanya Don Sepala Attygalle , LVO (14 October 1921 – 15 January 2001) was a Sri Lankan army officer, civil servant and diplomat . The longest serving Commander of

688-493: The Mahajana Eksath Peramuna and its landslide victory in the 1956 general election which led to S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike 's appointment as prime minister, exerted powerful influence over the government of Prime Minister Bandaranaike and played a significant role in the adoption of Sinhala as the official language of administration and courts. To contain a future Tamil revolt with the support of India and to disguise

731-603: The Ministry of External Affairs and Defence in June 1961, had anticipated that the Tamil population would resort to armed struggle in response forceful suppression of their protests against the implementation of Sinhala as the official language of administration and courts without any concession to the Tamil Language. N.Q. Dias, a Sinhalese Buddhist nationalist who had assisted the formation of

774-556: The NATO Forces in Europe . On his return he resumed his post as GSO2, Army Headquarters. In January 1953, he relinquished his staff appointment at the army headquarters and left for the United Kingdom to attend the Staff College, Camberley . On 2 June 1953, he was appointed Equerry to HM Queen Elizabeth II at her coronation. On completing the staff college course , he was seconded to

817-531: The President of Sri Lanka . He played a major role during the Vadamarachchi Operation which was stopped midway by Indian intervention. During this time he was the founding chairman, Air Ports and Aviation Services and Chairman of Air Lanka . He step down as Secretary, Ministry of Defence on 16 February 1990 and was succeeded by General Cyril Ranatunga . Following his tenure as Secretary of Defence, he

860-499: The 1st Battalion, Ceylon Light Infantry under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Richard Udugama , who was soon appointed Garrison Commander, Troops Jaffna. The government ordered the Army to clear the satyagraha and arrested the protesters. The Federal Party was banned. According to the former Government Agent of Jaffna District Neville Jayaweera , the Ceylonese civil servant N.Q. Dias , who had been appointed Permanent Secretary to

903-566: The 1st Reconnaissance (Recce) Squadron as the Cavalry Arm in the Ceylon Army in the lines of 1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards, with himself as officer commanding. On 17 December 1955 a Combined Services Buddhist Mission led by Major Attygalle left for Burma on board HMCyS Vijaya , to represent the Armed Forces of Ceylon at the Buddha Jayanthi commemoration celebrations, and present a gift of

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946-592: The GA of Jaffna, Dias said that while facilitating the construction of the proposed military camps girdling the Northern Province, I should be “ unrelenting ” towards Tamil demands, and wherever possible, “ force confrontations ” with them and establish the government's “ undisputed ascendancy ”. He emphasized that the best way to engineer the government's ascendancy was by enforcing the Sinhala Only policy at any cost [...] He

989-579: The Sri Lankan Army (1967–1977), he went on to serve as the Permanent secretary to the Ministry of Defence and Sri Lankan High Commissioner to the United Kingdom . He is most notable for successfully crushing the 1971 Insurrection in a matter of months and becoming the first Sri Lankan army officer to be promoted to the rank of full general . He is known as the "Father of the Armoured Corps" and

1032-456: The army crushed the 1971 Insurrection within two months, and he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant general on 4 April 1974, thus being the first officer of the Sri Lanka Army to hold this rank. On the day of his retirement, on 13 October 1977, after having served for ten years as commander, he was promoted to the rank of General , thus becoming the first Sri Lankan army officer to hold

1075-531: The de facto parliamentary secretary to the prime minister of Ceylon . Since the 1968 Independence the constitution of Mauritius allowed for 14 ministers and 5 Parliamentary Secretaries. Initially the role of a Parliamentary Secretary was to assist ministers. The number of such positions rose steadily but their roles have progressively changed. After the 1987 elections the candidates who had missed out on ministerial positions were nominated as Parliamentary Secretaries. The position titled Parliamentary Under-Secretary

1118-417: The parliamentary systems of several Commonwealth countries, such as the United Kingdom , Canada , Australia , India and Singapore , it is customary for the prime minister to appoint parliamentary secretaries from their political party in parliament to assist cabinet ministers with their work. The role of parliamentary secretaries varies under different prime ministers. The post has often served as

1161-522: The positions of Secretaries of State which had been employed under Chrétien. Under the Soulbury Constitution , junior members of parliament were appointed to serve as parliamentary secretaries. Each cabinet minister would have one parliamentary secretary. In 1972, the republican constitution replace the position of parliamentary secretary with that of deputy minister . With the parliamentary secretary for external affairs and defence serving as

1204-533: The post was used as a reward for weary backbenchers . Their duty was to answer questions and table reports on behalf of ministers when they were unable to be present in the house. Chrétien's successor as Canadian prime minister, Paul Martin , when sworn in in 2003, promised a new role for parliamentary secretaries. They would now be sworn into the privy council , giving them access to some secret documents, and allowing them to attend Canadian Cabinet meetings and be assigned specific files by ministers. This replaced

1247-640: The raise of the Tamil militancy. It was disbanded in 1980 with the onset of the Sri Lankan Civil War and was replaced by the Task Force 4 Northern Command . Parliamentary Secretary A parliamentary secretary is a member of parliament in the Westminster system who assists a more senior minister with their duties. In several countries, the position has been re-designated as assistant minister . In

1290-642: The rank of a full general and longest-serving Commander of the Army. On retirement from the army, he took up an appointment as Additional Secretary, Ministry of Defence, and Chief Co-ordinating Authority in the Ministry of Defence in October 1977. In the early 1980s, with the escalation of the Tamil Militancy , he was appointed as Permanent Secretary , Ministry of Defence on 15 August 1983 succeeding Colonel C. A. Dharmapala , and serving as National Defence Advisor to

1333-427: The third level of government minister , below minister of state and secretary of state (or another minister of secretary of state rank, such as the chancellor of the exchequer ). Not all departments have all three levels of minister. A parliamentary private secretary (PPS), on the other hand, is a member of parliament who acts as an unpaid assistant to an individual minister, but has no ministerial role, although

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1376-644: The true intent, N.Q. Dias used the issues of illegal immigration from South India and smuggling as pretexts to establish permanent military camps in the Northern Province . He appointed Neville Jayaweera as the Government Agent (GA) of Jaffna District in August 1963 and assigned him with the task of assisting Lieutenant Colonel Sepala Attygalle in setting up the Task Force Anti Illicit Immigration. Describing his assigned task, Jayaweera recounted: As for my role as

1419-603: The university college to join the Ceylon Defense Force with its wartime expansion and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Ceylon Light Infantry on 15 November 1940. He underwent basic officer training at Diyatalawa , where he took the sword of honour at the army passing out parade in 1941 and thereafter underwent advanced training in India. He was promoted to the temporary rank of Captain in 1943. He

1462-671: Was The Equerry to Queen Elizabeth II during her coronation in 1953. Attygalle was educated at the Royal College, Colombo , where he became the head prefect , won colours in both athletics and rugby ; and was the Senior Sergeant of the Cadet Contingent of Royal College . Upon completing his schooling, he entered the University College, Colombo . With the outbreak of World War II in 1940, Attygalle left his studies at

1505-473: Was Dr. Gamini M. Attygalle, FRCS a leading anaesthesiologist , who was married to Kalyani Wijewardene, daughter of Don Walter T Wijewardene and sister of Upali Wijewardene . During his military career Attygalle had been award several decorations. He was made a Member of the Royal Victorian Order (Military Division) (MVO) by Queen Elizabeth II during her Majesty's visit to Ceylon in 1954, which

1548-660: Was appointed as High Commissioner for Sri Lanka in the United Kingdom in March 1990 and served till August 1993 when he was succeeded by General Cyril Ranatunga . He died on 15 January 2001 in Colombo following a brief illness and his military funeral took place at the General Cemetery, Borella on 17 January. He was married to Brighty Attygalle who died in July 2010, they had one son Suraj and two grandsons Damin and Shaminda. His brother

1591-660: Was appointed the first female prime minister in the world after her party secured a majority in parliament in the July 1960 general election . Her government announced the full operation of the Sinhala Only Act from January 1961, making Sinhala the only official language in the courts of law throughout the country. The Federal Party launched a campaign of civil disobedience in January 1961, beginning in Jaffna with Federal Party members staging

1634-641: Was demobilized 9 March 1946, and had been the Defence Services 100-metre Champion until 1944. Following the end of the war, he joined the government service as the Assistant Controller of Textiles and thereafter served as the Assistant Controller of Exports and Imports. With the formation of the new Ceylon Army on 10 October 1949 following the passing of the Army Act ; he was commissioned as

1677-582: Was known as "Army Force M" consisted of an infantry battalion with support units based in the coast of Mannar . The task force had its headquarters at Palaly and had units deployed from Mollikulam point to Kokilai. There were army camps in Silavathurai , Thalladi , Talaimannar , Pooneryn , Valvettithurai , Madagala , Thondamannar , Mullaitivu and Kokilai . In addition several smaller detachments of 5-10 soldiers each were located. After 1972, TAFII shifted its focus to counter insurgency operations with

1720-948: Was later upgraded to Lieutenant (LVO) in 1984. For wartime service in World War II with the Ceylon Defense Force, he received the Defence Medal (1946), the War Medal 1939–1945 (1946) and the Efficiency Medal (Ceylon) (1950); and for service in the Sri Lankan Army, he received the Ceylon Armed Services Long Service Medal , the Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal , the Ceylon Armed Services Inauguration Medal and

1763-535: Was of the view that the government had failed so far to deal with the Tamils forcefully enough and saw me as the answer to the problem! Obviously, N.Q. Dias was seeing me as an administrative Rottweiler to be let loose within the sheep pen of protesting Tamil satyagrahis! In 1963, Operations Monty was formally renamed as Task Force Anti Illicit Immigration as a permanent formation in support of Royal Ceylon Navy coastal patrols and police operations. Initially army contribution

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1806-701: Was promoted to rank of major on 1 January 1952 and was appointed GSO2, Army Headquarters in February. From May to July 1952, he attended the Company Commanders' Course at the School of Infantry, Warminster and the Land/Air Warfare Course at the School of Land/Air Warfare from October to November 1952. Thereafter he was attached to the 1st Battalion, King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry , in Germany; serving with

1849-581: Was the day we resorted to direct action to win our freedom". The protests soon spread to other parts of the Northern and Eastern Provinces and Bandaranaike accused the Federal Party of trying to establish a separate state. On Bandaranaike request the Governor General of Ceylon declared a state of emergency under the provisions of the Public Security Ordinance in the Northern Province and dispatched

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