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63-514: The Tandanya National Aboriginal Cultural Institute , usually referred to as Tandanya , is an art museum located on Grenfell Street in Adelaide , South Australia . It specialises in promoting Indigenous Australian art , including visual art, music and storytelling . It is the oldest Aboriginal -owned and -run cultural centre in Australia. It has been closed for building repairs since May 2023 and

126-449: A collaboration of museums and galleries that are more interested with the categorization of art. They are interested in the potential use of folksonomy within museums and the requirements for post-processing of terms that have been gathered, both to test their utility and to deploy them in useful ways. The steve.museum is one example of a site that is experimenting with this collaborative philosophy. The participating institutions include

189-694: A director of Reconciliation Australia and co-chair of the Closing the Gap campaign, an initiative which focuses on health issues of Indigenous Australians. She is a public speaker often discussing policies affecting Indigenous peoples and how the media can be used to empower Aboriginal people. In 2015, she began working as the CEO of the National Centre of Indigenous Excellence in Redfern, New South Wales . In 2017, she became

252-433: A major factor in social mobility (for example, getting a higher-paid, higher-status job). The argument states that certain art museums are aimed at perpetuating aristocratic and upper class ideals of taste and excludes segments of society without the social opportunities to develop such interest. The fine arts thus perpetuate social inequality by creating divisions between different social groups. This argument also ties in with

315-490: A newspaper written and owned by Indigenous Australians, where she wrote for seven years. In 2013, Parker was elected to serve a two-year term as co-chair of the National Congress of Australia's First Peoples , along with Les Malezer , a Gubbi Gubbi - Butchulla man from Queensland. During her tenure, a crisis in funding threatened Aboriginal communities across Australia with closure. Parker and Malezer strongly opposed

378-402: A number of online art catalogues and galleries that have been developed independently of the support of any individual museum. Many of these, like American Art Gallery, are attempts to develop galleries of artwork that are encyclopedic or historical in focus, while others are commercial efforts to sell the work of contemporary artists. A limited number of such sites have independent importance in

441-505: A recognition plan that allowed Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people to provide input into the recognition process. When Abbott agreed, a First Peoples National Convention was held. The convention recommended that the Constitution of Australia be amended to grant Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people representation in the federal Parliament and the establishment of a commission to supervise negotiations between First Nations and

504-513: A section of the public. In classical times , religious institutions began to function as an early form of art gallery. Wealthy Roman collectors of engraved gems and other precious objects, such as Julius Caesar , often donated their collections to temples. It is unclear how easy it was in practice for the public to view these items. In Europe, from the Late Medieval period onwards, areas in royal palaces, castles , and large country houses of

567-604: A series of rooms dedicated to specific historic periods (e.g. Ancient Egypt ) or other significant themed groupings of works (e.g. the gypsotheque or collection of plaster casts as in the Ashmolean Museum ) within a museum with a more varied collection are referred to as specific galleries, e.g. Egyptian Gallery or Cast Gallery . Works on paper, such as drawings , pastels , watercolors , prints , and photographs are typically not permanently displayed for reasons of conservation . Instead, public access to these materials

630-650: A variety of exhibitions and events, including Adelaide Fringe performances and the national launch of the Indigenous Voice to Parliament 's Yes campaign in February 2023. It is housed in the old Grenfell Street Power Station (later a TAFE college) at the eastern end of Grenfell Street in the Adelaide city centre , also the office headquarters of the South Australian Electric Light and Motive Power Company . The original building dates from 1901, but it

693-423: A venue for Adelaide Fringe performances, various grants and other funding avenues, and its two streams of paid membership (Friends of Tandanya, non-Indigenous people; and paid membership for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander members of Tandanya, which also gives them a voice in the running of Tandanya, and the ability to nominate to become a board member). Dennis Stokes was CEO from mid-2018 until June 2021. He

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756-418: A venue for other cultural exchanges and artistic activities, such as lectures, jewelry, performance arts , music concerts, or poetry readings. Art museums also frequently host themed temporary exhibitions, which often include items on loan from other collections. An institution dedicated to the display of art can be called an art museum or an art gallery, and the two terms may be used interchangeably. This

819-416: Is also sometimes used to describe businesses which display art for sale, but these are not art museums. Throughout history, large and expensive works of art have generally been commissioned by religious institutions or political leaders and been displayed in temples, churches, and palaces . Although these collections of art were not open to the general public, they were often made available for viewing for

882-602: Is due to reopen sometime in 2025. The institute derives its name from Tarndanya , the Kaurna Aboriginal people's name for the Adelaide city centre and parklands area, meaning "place of the red kangaroo ". Tandanya is the oldest Aboriginal-owned and -run cultural centre in Australia, opened in 1989. The first exhibition featured artworks on silk created by women from Utopia in the Northern Territory , entitled Utopia — A Picture Story . Since then it has hosted

945-593: Is headed by interim chair Aaron Ken, and the eight board members include Rhoda Roberts and Daniel Riley of Australian Dance Theatre . The building has been subject to many closures since 2020, not only during the COVID-19 pandemic, but also owing to numerous maintenance problems. The state government has invested in repairs and renewal of air-conditioning units, sprinkler heads , internal walls, electrical work, painting, and carpets. In 2023 there were improvements to fire safety components and emergency and exit lighting. It

1008-559: Is provided by a dedicated print room located within the museum. Murals or mosaics often remain where they have been created ( in situ ), although many have also been removed to galleries. Various forms of 20th-century art, such as land art and performance art , also usually exist outside a gallery. Photographic records of these kinds of art are often shown in galleries, however. Most museums and large art galleries own more works than they have room to display. The rest are held in reserve collections , on or off-site. A sculpture garden

1071-823: Is reflected in the names of institutions around the world, some of which are considered art galleries, such as the National Gallery in London and Neue Nationalgalerie in Berlin , and some of which are considered museums, including the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Museum of Modern Art in New York City and the National Museum of Western Art in Tokyo . The phrase "art gallery"

1134-557: Is similar to an art gallery, presenting sculpture in an outdoor space. Sculpture has grown in popularity with sculptures installed in open spaces on both a permanent and temporary basis. Most larger paintings from about 1530 onwards were designed to be seen either in churches or palaces, and many buildings built as palaces now function successfully as art museums. By the 18th century additions to palaces and country houses were sometimes intended specifically as galleries for viewing art, and designed with that in mind. The architectural form of

1197-502: Is to shape identity and memory, cultural heritage, distilled narratives and treasured stories. Many art museums throughout history have been designed with a cultural purpose or been subject to political intervention. In particular, national art galleries have been thought to incite feelings of nationalism . This has occurred in both democratic and non-democratic countries, although authoritarian regimes have historically exercised more control over administration of art museums. Ludwig Justi

1260-967: The Adelaide City Council on 6 April 1995. Management of the building and land on which Tandanya is located come under the Aboriginal Lands Trust Act 1966 , while its operations as an organisation fall within the state Minister for Arts portfolio area. The building is very old, and large parts of the building and sometimes the whole building have been closed to the public in recent years (2020s) owing to maintenance needs. The core activities of Tandanya, as listed in its 2015-6 Annual Report, were: visual arts (exhibitions program); performing arts (events, theatre and performances); community arts (public art); cultural performances and information; school education activities; cultural and artistic tours; Indigenous infused café; Gallery Shop retailing Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Artworks. The centre

1323-653: The British Museum was established and the Old Royal Library collection of manuscripts was donated to it for public viewing. In 1777, a proposal to the British government was put forward by MP John Wilkes to buy the art collection of the late Sir Robert Walpole , who had amassed one of the greatest such collections in Europe , and house it in a specially built wing of the British Museum for public viewing. After much debate,

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1386-738: The Guggenheim Museum in New York City by Frank Lloyd Wright , the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao by Frank Gehry , Centre Pompidou-Metz by Shigeru Ban , and the redesign of the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art by Mario Botta . Some critics argue these galleries defeat their purposes because their dramatic interior spaces distract the eye from the paintings they are supposed to exhibit. Museums are more than just mere 'fixed structures designed to house collections.' Their purpose

1449-519: The Guggenheim Museum , the Cleveland Museum of Art , the Metropolitan Museum of Art , and the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art . There are relatively few local/regional/national organizations dedicated specifically to art museums. Most art museums are associated with local/regional/national organizations for the arts , humanities or museums in general. Many of these organizations are listed as follows: Kirstie Parker She has served on

1512-670: The Musée du Louvre during the French Revolution in 1793 as a public museum for much of the former French royal collection marked an important stage in the development of public access to art by transferring the ownership to a republican state; but it was a continuation of trends already well established. The building now occupied by the Prado in Madrid was built before the French Revolution for

1575-622: The Renwick Gallery , built in 1859. Now a part of the Smithsonian Institution , the Renwick housed William Wilson Corcoran 's collection of American and European art. The building was designed by James Renwick Jr. and finally completed in 1874. It is located at 1661 Pennsylvania Avenue NW. Renwick designed it after the Louvre's Tuileries addition. At the time of its construction, it

1638-553: The mystification of fine arts . Research suggests that the context in which an artwork is being presented has significant influence on its reception by the audience, and viewers shown artworks in a museum rated them more highly than when displayed in a "laboratory" setting Most art museums have only limited online collections, but a few museums, as well as some libraries and government agencies, have developed substantial online catalogues. Museums, libraries, and government agencies with substantial online collections include: There are

1701-532: The 17th century onwards, often based around a collection of the cabinet of curiosities type. The first such museum was the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford , opened in 1683 to house and display the artefacts of Elias Ashmole that were given to Oxford University in a bequest. The Kunstmuseum Basel , through its lineage which extends back to the Amerbach Cabinet , which included a collection of works by Hans Holbein

1764-612: The 18th century. In Italy, the art tourism of the Grand Tour became a major industry from the 18th century onwards, and cities made efforts to make their key works accessible. The Capitoline Museums began in 1471 with a donation of classical sculpture to the city of Rome by the Papacy , while the Vatican Museums , whose collections are still owned by the Pope, trace their foundation to 1506, when

1827-401: The 1970s, a number of political theorists and social commentators have pointed to the political implications of art museums and social relations. Pierre Bourdieu , for instance, argued that in spite the apparent freedom of choice in the arts, people's artistic preferences (such as classical music, rock, traditional music) strongly tie in with their social position. So called cultural capital is

1890-769: The Australian Government's Centenary Medal for her work with Indigenous communities and women. She received a Centenary Medal for contribution to the Indigenous community and Australian life (2003), and an International Women’s Day Award for service to the SA community in 2000. Her journalism was recognized in 2008 with the Print Media Award of the Australian Human Rights Commission for her article, National Apology: commemorative lift out . In 2012, Parker

1953-572: The Director of Aboriginal Affairs and Reconciliation for the Government of South Australia since 2017. Kirstie Parker was born as the third child of four siblings in 1967, the daughter of a Yuwallarai mother and a father originally from London. Her mother, Pam, had one year of formal schooling, but taught herself to read and write by studying Anne of Green Gables . Her father, Roger, was also an avid reader and they encouraged Parker in her writing. She

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2016-653: The Marxist theory of mystification and elite culture . Furthermore, certain art galleries, such as the National Gallery in London and the Louvre in Paris are situated in buildings of considerable emotional impact. The Louvre in Paris is for instance located in the former Royal Castle of the ancient regime , and is thus clearly designed with a political agenda. It has been argued that such buildings create feelings of subjugation and adds to

2079-527: The Younger and purchased by the city of Basel in 1661, is considered to be the first museum of art open to the public in the world. In the second half of the 18th century, many private collections of art were opened to the public, and during and after the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars , many royal collections were nationalized, even where the monarchy remained in place, as in Spain and Bavaria . In 1753,

2142-433: The active lending-out of a museum's collected objects in order to enhance education at schools and to aid in the cultural development of individual members of the community. Finally, Dana saw branch museums throughout a city as a good method of making sure that every citizen has access to its benefits. Dana's view of the ideal museum sought to invest a wider variety of people in it, and was self-consciously not elitist. Since

2205-418: The art world. The large auction houses, such as Sotheby's , Bonhams , and Christie's , maintain large online databases of art which they have auctioned or are auctioning. Bridgeman Art Library serves as a central source of reproductions of artwork, with access limited to museums, art dealers , and other professionals or professional organizations. There are also online galleries that have been developed by

2268-600: The board of Reconciliation Australia and other public policy commissions aimed at improving the lives of Indigenous people. She was the third Aboriginal person to serve on the Australian Press Council . In 2018, her unpublished manuscript The Making of Ruby Champion won the David Unaipon Award of the Queensland Literary Awards , which included both publication and prize money. She has been

2331-690: The entire building solely intended to be an art gallery was arguably established by Sir John Soane with his design for the Dulwich Picture Gallery in 1817. This established the gallery as a series of interconnected rooms with largely uninterrupted wall spaces for hanging pictures and indirect lighting from skylights or roof lanterns . The late 19th century saw a boom in the building of public art galleries in Europe and America, becoming an essential cultural feature of larger cities. More art galleries rose up alongside museums and public libraries as part of

2394-467: The eviction of Indigenous people from their homelands, citing previous failures in adequately integrating Aboriginal people into new areas in various states and stressing the need for self-determination policies. The duo worked on the panel reviewing the status of recognition for Australia's Indigenous people in 2014. The following year Parker was one of the delegates who met with Prime Minister Tony Abbott and Opposition Leader Bill Shorten . She urged

2457-484: The founder of the Newark Museum , saw the traditional art museum as a useless public institution, one that focused more on fashion and conformity rather than education and uplift. Indeed, Dana's ideal museum would be one best suited for active and vigorous use by the average citizen, located near the center of their daily movement. In addition, Dana's conception of the perfect museum included a wider variety of objects than

2520-737: The gallery. During its closure, the space was used to create Still Stylin' 2020 a seven-minute musical video montage featuring reworked songs by Christine Anu . Directed by Larrakia rapper Jimblah , it featured First Nations dancers, rappers, and artists, performing in Tandanya and on country. On 13 November 2020, as part of NAIDOC Week celebrations, the centre hosted a new music festival called TREATY, featuring established and emerging First Nations musicians from South Australia. Performers included J-Milla , Sonz of Serpent , Dem Mob , RKM ( Rulla Kelly-Mansell ), Tilly Tjala Thomas , MRLN ( Marlon Motlop ) and Katie Aspel , with Natasha Wanganeen sharing

2583-734: The government. Parker is an activist and public policy advisor on Indigenous affairs. Some of her work in this area includes working at the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies in Canberra managing media and communications; serving as a director at Tandanya National Aboriginal Cultural Institute in Adelaide ; directing public affairs for the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission ; and serving as media advisor to Robert Tickner , Minister for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Affairs. She has served as

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2646-544: The grander English country houses could be toured by the respectable for a tip to the housekeeper, during the long periods when the family were not in residence. Special arrangements were made to allow the public to see many royal or private collections placed in galleries, as with most of the paintings of the Orleans Collection , which were housed in a wing of the Palais-Royal in Paris and could be visited for most of

2709-806: The idea was eventually abandoned due to the great expense, and twenty years later, the collection was bought by Tsaritsa Catherine the Great of Russia and housed in the State Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg . The Bavarian royal collection (now in the Alte Pinakothek , Munich) was opened to the public in 1779 and the Medici collection in Florence around 1789 (as the Uffizi Gallery). The opening of

2772-461: The largest category of art museums in the country. While the first of these collections can be traced to learning collections developed in art academies in Western Europe, they are now associated with and housed in centers of higher education of all types. The word gallery being originally an architectural term, the display rooms in museums are often called public galleries . Also frequently,

2835-513: The municipal drive for literacy and public education. Over the middle and late twentieth century, earlier architectural styles employed for art museums (such as the Beaux-Arts style of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City or the Gothic and Renaissance Revival architecture of Amsterdam's Rijksmuseum) succumbed to modern styles , such as Deconstructivism . Examples of this trend include

2898-487: The presenting with J-Milla. The building closed temporarily for repairs in April 2023 and is due to reopen in. Art museum An art museum or art gallery is a building or space for the display of art , usually from the museum 's own collection . It might be in public or private ownership, be accessible to all, or have restrictions in place. Although primarily concerned with visual art , art museums are often used as

2961-567: The public a decade later in 1824. Similarly, the National Gallery in Prague was not formed by opening an existing royal or princely art collection to the public, but was created from scratch as a joint project of some Czech aristocrats in 1796. The Corcoran Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. is generally considered to have been the first art museum in the United States. It was originally housed in

3024-458: The public display of parts of the royal art collection, and similar royal galleries were opened to the public in Vienna , Munich and other capitals. In Great Britain, however, the corresponding Royal Collection remained in the private hands of the monarch, and the first purpose-built national art galleries were the Dulwich Picture Gallery , founded in 1814 and the National Gallery, London opened to

3087-565: The recently discovered Laocoön and His Sons was put on public display. A series of museums on different subjects were opened over subsequent centuries, and many of the buildings of the Vatican were purpose-built as galleries. An early royal treasury opened to the public was the Green Vault of the Kingdom of Saxony in the 1720s. Privately funded museums open to the public began to be established from

3150-559: The social elite were often made partially accessible to sections of the public, where art collections could be viewed. At the Palace of Versailles , entrance was restricted to people of certain social classes who were required to wear the proper apparel, which typically included the appropriate accessories, silver shoe buckles and a sword , could be hired from shops outside. The treasuries of cathedrals and large churches, or parts of them, were often set out for public display and veneration. Many of

3213-742: The third Indigenous person to be appointed to the Australian Press Council . Her role on the adjudication panel was to advise the council on Aboriginal issues. That year, she also joined the Department of Premier and Cabinet in South Australia as the Director of Aboriginal Affairs and Reconciliation, a post she held as of May 2021 . In June 2021 she took up the role of interim CEO of Tandanya National Aboriginal Cultural Institute in Adelaide, until late January 2022. Parker has received numerous awards for both her writing and advocacy. In 2001, she received

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3276-399: The traditional art museum, including industrial tools and handicrafts that encourage imagination in areas traditionally considered mundane. This view of the art museum envisions it as one well-suited to an industrial world, indeed enhancing it. Dana viewed paintings and sculptures as much less useful than industrial products, comparing the museum to a department store. In addition, he encouraged

3339-503: The venue of many Adelaide Fringe performances. In 2020, with its 30th-anniversary celebrations interrupted by being forced to close for over six months due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia , Tandanya re-opened in October with an exhibition called Atnwengerrp — Our Apmere, Our Place , which included the work of five of the original women whose work was shown in the first ever exhibition at

3402-416: Was due to re-open in January 2025, after "temporary" closure in April 2023. The Malinauskas government contributed A$ 780,000 towards the repair and upgrade work. Discussions have taken place over several years about the new Aboriginal Art and Cultures Centre (AACC; aka Tarrkarri Centre for First Nations Cultures) as part of the Lot Fourteen precinct on North Terrace ; however, a decision on Tarrkarri

3465-407: Was extensively modified and rebuilt in 1912–13, including the Palladian -style facade . The building was heritage-listed on the SA Heritage Register in November 1984. There is an "Historic Engineering Plaque" on a ground level plinth just east of the north-east corner of the building, which was dedicated by the Institution of Engineers, Australia , the Electricity Trust of South Australia and

3528-492: Was for example dismissed as director of the Alte Nationalgalerie (Old National Gallery) in Berlin in 1933 by the new Nazi authorities for not being politically suitable. The question of the place of the art museum in its community has long been under debate. Some see art museums as fundamentally elitist institutions, while others see them as institutions with the potential for societal education and uplift. John Cotton Dana , an American librarian and museum director, as well as

3591-411: Was formerly through the federal government arts funding body Australia Council for the Arts (now Creative Australia) on a four-yearly cycle, including in 2016. In May 2020, two months after closure owing to the COVID-19 pandemic in South Australia , the organisation was informed that it would no longer receive funding through the Australia Council. Other funding has come in through use of the building as

3654-465: Was known as "the American Louvre". University art museums and galleries constitute collections of art developed, owned, and maintained by all kinds of schools, community colleges, colleges, and universities. This phenomenon exists in the West and East, making it a global practice. Although easily overlooked, there are over 700 university art museums in the US alone. This number, compared to other kinds of art museums, makes university art museums perhaps

3717-417: Was raised in northern New South Wales, Australia . At 16, Parker began working as a junior journalist and throughout her career has worked in print media, radio and television. Among the media outlets she has been associated with are ABC Radio , The Tablelander regional paper in Atherton, Queensland and The West Australian newspaper of Perth . In 2006, she became the editor of the Koori Mail ,

3780-410: Was recognized for her activism on behalf of Indigenous people with the 100 Women of Influence Awards presented by the Australian Financial Review . She was one of the inaugural women honoured with the Australian Peacewomen Awards of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom at the organization's centennial celebrations in 2015. In 2016, Parker was a finalist in the 2016 NSW Women of

3843-417: Was still pending in 2024 as the government sought major philanthropic funding for the new site. This was also leading to uncertainty with regard to the future of Tandanya. The centre runs programs and performances as part of NAIDOC Week . Since 2015 the centre has hosted the annual Art Fair, part of the Tarnanthi Festival of Contemporary Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Art each year. It has also been

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3906-424: Was succeeded by Kirstie Parker on an interim basis until late January 2022, when Nancia Guivarra took on the role as acting CEO. Phillip Saunders then took over as interim CEO. As of September 2024, Phillip Saunders and Lee-Ann Tjunypa Buckskin are co-CEOs, while Buckskin is artistic director. Saunders had been serving as interim CEO since at least February 2023, while Buckskin was appointed in April 2024. The board

3969-429: Was then governed by a 10-member board of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander descent and residing in South Australia. A chief executive officer is responsible for its day-to-day operations. The 2021/2022 annual report showed a loss of $ 284,000, due to ageing infrastructure and therefore not being able to host Adelaide Fringe events, COVID-19 restrictions, gaps in the workforce, and other reasons. Funding of Tandanya

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