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18-460: Tambopata National Reserve is located south of the Madre de Dios river , in the province of Tambopata, region of Madre de Dios. It reaches the border with Bolivia to the east and borders with Bahuaja Sonene National Park to the south. The area consists of forested hills and plains, with elevations ranging from 200 to 400 m above sea level. The area presents swamps , oxbow lakes and meandering rivers ;

36-475: A circular fence-like formation encompassing a spire at its center. Alexander's subsequent Reddit inquiry was unable to identify the peculiar nest structure pictured or the species of arthropod associated with it. Later that year, an expedition to the Reserve led by Phil Torres observed 45 additional like structures. While the team successfully documented several spiderlings hatching from the nests ( video of which

54-520: A type of tinamou commonly found in moist forest lowlands in subtropical and tropical regions of northern South America . The variegated tinamou was formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus 's Systema Naturae . He placed it with all the other quail like birds in the genus Tetrao and coined the binomial name Tetrao variegatus . Gmelin based his description on

72-594: A yellow bill, and greenish to yellowish-brown legs. They have a call that consists of five tremulous evenly pitched notes, sometimes with the notes merging into a trill, although the first note is always distinct and it descends. The variegated tinamou lives in humid lowland forests with dense undergrowth in southern and eastern Colombia , southern Venezuela , French Guiana , Suriname , Guyana , Amazonian Brazil , eastern Peru , eastern Ecuador , and northern Bolivia . They prefer to an altitude of 100 to 1,300 m (330–4,270 ft). Like other tinamous,

90-445: Is a diminutive so that the name means "small hidden tail". The specific epithet variegatus is Latin meaning "variegated". The cinereous tinamou is monotypic : no subspecies are recognised. All tinamou are from the family Tinamidae, and in the larger scheme are also ratites . Unlike other ratites, tinamous can fly, although in general, they are not strong fliers. All ratites evolved from prehistoric flying birds, and tinamous are

108-634: The Beni River , close to the town of Riberalta , which later joins with the Mamore River to become the Madeira River after the confluence. The Madeira is a tributary to the Amazon River . The Madre de Dios is an important waterway for the department of Madre de Dios , particularly Puerto Maldonado , the largest town in the area, and the capital of the department. Mango farming and gold mining are among

126-704: The Le Tinamou varié that had been described in 1778 by the French polymath Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon and also illustrated in a separate publication. The variegated tinamou is now placed with around twenty other tinamou in the genus Crypturellus that was introduced in 1914 by the British ornithologists Baron Brabourne and Charles Chubb . The genus name combines the Ancient Greek κρυπτός ( kruptós ) meaning "hidden" with οὐρά ( oura ) meaning "tail". The -ellus

144-460: The razor-billed curassow , the blue-and-yellow macaw , the variegated tinamou , the sunbittern , the red-and-green macaw , the horned curassow , the golden-tailed sapphire , etc. In 2013, Georgia Tech researcher Troy Alexander discovered four bizarre gazebo -shaped spider nests while visiting the Reserve. The nests, which have since come to be known as Silkhenge structures, were each composed of an undocumented silk compound and consisted of

162-456: The closest living relative of these birds. The variegated tinamou is approximately 29.5 to 33 cm (11.6–13.0 in) in length. Its upper back is rufous, and its lower back and wings are black with conspicuous yellowish bands. Its throat is white, and its neck and upper breast are bright rufous, with buff lower breast and belly. Also, its flanks are tinged with cinnamon and dusky light barring. Its crown and sides of head are black with

180-453: The largest watershed in the area, as part of the vast Amazon River watershed. The river's main tributaries include on the right: Chivile, Azul, Blanco, Inambari , Tambopata and Colorado rivers and from the left: Los Amigos , Manu , and Las Piedras . 12°17′S 70°52′W  /  12.283°S 70.867°W  / -12.283; -70.867 Variegated tinamou The variegated tinamou ( Crypturellus variegatus )

198-522: The main rivers in the reserve being the Tambopata , Malinowski and Heath rivers. The annual mean temperature in the area is 26 °C, with a range between 10° and 38 °C. The lower temperatures are caused by cold winds of antarctic origin; these cold waves occur in June and July. The rainy season occurs between December and March. Tambopata National Reserve protects an area of rainforest , which belongs to

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216-569: The mammal species found in the reserve are the jaguar , the puma , the ocelot , the collared peccary , the giant otter , the Peruvian spider monkey , the Hoffmann's two-toed sloth , the capybara , the tufted capuchin , the white-lipped peccary , the marsh deer , the red brocket , the brown-throated sloth , the black-capped squirrel monkey , and the South American tapir , among others. Some of

234-471: The many industries on its banks. Other important industries the Madre de Dios provides are selective logging and farming, both of which are serious environmental problems. Along the length of the river, there are several national parks and reserves, notably Tambopata-Candamo National Park , Manu National Park (also known as Manu Biosphere Reserve ) and Bahuaja-Sonene National Park . The Madre de Dios serves as

252-1037: The moist and wet subtropical forest according to the Holdridge life zone classification . The reserve is of ecological importance as it is part of the Vilcabamba Amboro wildlife corridor , which extends into neighboring Bolivia. Vascular plants are represented in the reserve by 1713 species in 145 families. Among the species found in this protected area are: Virola surinamensis , Cedrela odorata , Oncidium spp., Bertholletia excelsa , Geonoma deversa, Epidendrum coronatum , Iriartea deltoidea , Celtis schippii , Spondias mombin , Mauritia flexuosa , Cedrelinga cateniformis , Hymenaea courbaril , Ficus trigonata , Croton draconoides , Inga spp., Attalea tessmannii , Calycophyllum spruceanum , Swietenia macrophylla , Couroupita guianensis , Socratea exorrhiza , Hura crepitans , Manilkara bidentata , Hevea guianensis , Guadua weberbaueri , Ceiba pentandra , etc. Among

270-506: The reserve are wildlife observation and camping , as there are several spots furnished for those purposes. Lake Sandoval, 30 minutes from Puerto Maldonado, is the most visited place in the reserve, its shores covered with palm trees which are home to macaws , can be toured by boat. Two other lakes can be reached after 2 and 3 hour trips, respectively. There are also many mineral licks where birds and mammals gather and are popular nature watching spots. The reserve can be reached by boat from

288-409: The species of fish present in the reserve are: Prochilodus nigricans , Potamorhina latior, Brachyplatystoma flavicans , Piaractus brachypomus , Brycon spp., Schizodon fasciatus , etc. Some species of birds present in the reserve are: the harpy eagle , the white-necked jacobin, the scarlet macaw , the rufescent tiger heron , the king vulture , the roseate spoonbill , the crested eagle ,

306-437: The town of Puerto Maldonado . Illegal gold mining is the main threat to the environment in the reserve. This activity has destroyed more than 450 hectares of forest inside the area. Madre de Dios River The Madre de Dios River ( Spanish pronunciation: [ˈmaðɾe ðe ðjos] ) is a river shared by Bolivia and Peru which is homonymous to the Peruvian region it runs through. On Bolivian territory, it receives

324-433: Was later posted online), none of them survived into adulthood. Furthermore, the team was unable to observe any member of the species to exhibit the characteristics indicative of adult arthropods. With DNA testing proving inconclusive, the species native to Silkhenge structures remains unidentified. The Ese Ejja and Pukirieri native peoples inhabit the buffer zone surrounding the reserve. The main recreational activities in

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