78-691: Tahquitz Canyon ( / t ɑː ˈ k w iː t s / , sometimes / ˈ t ɑː k ɪ t s / ) is located in Palm Springs, California on a section of the Agua Caliente Indian Reservation. The canyon descends from the Riverside County San Jacinto Mountains . It was continually inhabited for at least 5,000 years by the Native American Cahuilla people, and is one of many canyons of cultural significance to
156-498: A Neutra masterpiece, many families could adopt aspects of Palm Springs modern." Hollywood values permeated the resort as it combined celebrity, health, new wealth, and sex. As Culver (2010) explains: "The bohemian sexual and marital mores already apparent in Hollywood intersected with the resort atmosphere of Palm Springs, and this new, more open sexuality would gradually appear elsewhere in national tourist culture." During this period,
234-555: A bright ball of green light or a meteor. Other versions of the legend report that Tahquitz was a normal man who gained his powers when he fled his people, as opposed to being directly created by Mukat. In the late Quaternary period, the Colorado river had at times discharged its waters into the Salton Basin, rather than the Gulf of California as it does today. This resulted in the formation of
312-523: A conflict of interest while Bogert acted as conservator for tribal land which was being demolished by the city, and racist comments regarding the "poor Blacks" who lived in Section 14, as justification for removing a statue of Bogert on horseback placed in 1990 in front of the Palm Springs City Hall. The City Council of Palm Springs ordered its removal in 2021 and formally apologized for the eviction of
390-412: A hotel across the street from his residence. Murray did so in 1886 (he later became a famous horticulturalist). The crops and irrigation systems suffered flooding in 1893 from record rainfall, and then an 11-year drought (1894–1905) caused further damage. The city became a fashionable resort in the 1900s when health tourists arrived with conditions that required dry heat. Because of the heat, however,
468-624: A hotel and sanitarium in 1909. It was expanded as a modern hotel in 1927 and continued on until 1967. Coffman herself was a "driving force" in the city's tourism industry until her death in 1950. James's Wonders of the Colorado Desert (above) was followed in 1920 by J. Smeaton Chase 's Our Araby: Palm Springs and the Garden of the Sun , which also promoted the area. In 1924 Pearl McCallum (daughter of Judge McCallum) returned to Palm Springs and built
546-500: A large lake named Lake Cahuilla . The lake was a major food source for the indigenous people of the area, supporting large populations of fish and migratory birds. The Salton Sea currently occupies the lowest level of the former Lake Cahuilla. At some point, in the past few thousand years, the Colorado River stopped replenishing Lake Cahuilla, and the lake slowly dissipated. Easy access to fresh water, fish, and fowl went away with
624-527: A mid-century modern theme. The city holds a Modernism Week celebration every February, along with several related smaller events during the year. Palm Springs is located in the Sonoran Desert . According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 95.0 square miles (246 km ), of which 94.1 square miles (244 km ) is land and 0.9 square miles (2.3 km ) (1%)
702-704: A month." In 2021 the California Attorney General's office later called the displacement a "city-engineered holocaust", depriving dozens of Black and Latino people of generational wealth. After existing non-Indian residents were evicted in the 1960s, the tribe built the Spa Hotel and Casino downtown and the city built the Palm Springs Convention Center ; also, the tribe leased land for developers to build hotels and condos. The Palm Springs Human Relations Commission cited this history, as well as
780-574: A new larger store in the mall. Joseph Magnin Co. opened a 26,000-square-foot (2,400 m ) department store in the mall in 1969, meaning that together with a Sears at 611 Palm Canyon Dr., for two decades, downtown boasted seven department stores, plus the Palm Springs Mall 1.5 miles (2.5 km) to the east operating from 1959 to 2005. When the United States entered World War II , Palm Springs and
858-881: A variety of native Low Desert flora and fauna. A notable tree occurring in the wild and under cultivation is the California Fan Palm, Washingtonia filifera . The fauna of Palm Springs is mostly species adapted to desert, temperature extremes and to lack of moisture. It is located within the Nearctic faunistic realm in a region containing an assemblage of species similar to Northern Africa. Native fauna includes pronghorns , desert bighorn sheep , desert tortoise , kit fox , desert iguanas , horned lizards , chuckwalla , bobcats , mountain lions and Gila monsters . Other animals include ground squirrels , rock squirrels , porcupines , skunks , cactus mice , kangaroo rats , pocket gophers and raccoons . Desert birds here include
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#1732852590668936-552: Is 124 °F or 51.1 °C on July 5, 2024. The climate of Palm Springs is suitable for some palm trees, although tropical types that need more water and humidity do not grow as well. On October 1, 2024 the temperature in Palm Springs reached 117 °F (47.2 °C), tying the record for the highest temperature in the United States in October, after the same temperature was reached in nearby Mecca on October 5, 1917. The locale features
1014-498: Is 19 °F or −7.2 °C, on January 22, 1937. Summers are extremely hot, with daytime temperatures consistently surpassing 110 °F or 43.3 °C while overnight temperatures often remain above 80 °F or 26.7 °C. The mean annual temperature is 75.6 °F (24.2 °C). There are on average 176.6 afternoons with a high reaching 90 °F or 32.2 °C, and 100 °F or 37.8 °C can be seen on 114.8 afternoons. The highest temperature on record in Palm Springs
1092-633: Is CDFW's investigative unit. The SOU investigates crimes related to improper use of California's natural resources, including poaching of fish and game. The unit accomplishes this with a combination of physical surveillance and undercover operations . The CDFW operates an Air Services unit for the purposes of aerial surveillance, fish stocking, and transportation. All CDFW pilots are fully qualified peace officers, pilots, and airplane mechanics. They are responsible for maintaining their own aircraft, and fly out of Hemet , Fresno , Sacramento , and Redding . The Office of Spill Prevention and Response (OSPR)
1170-462: Is a forensic laboratory that uses molecular biology to investigate crimes against animals. The lab is staffed by three wildlife forensic specialists who help CDFW officers identify species, determine the biological sex of an animal, and determine whether two samples are from the same animal. The California Fish and Game Commission is an organ of the California state government, and is separate from
1248-565: Is a branch of the California Department of Fish and Wildlife that is tasked with responding to pollution and protecting the wildlife of California. The OSPR has authority over all surface waters in California, both inland and up to 200 miles (320 km) off the coast. The funding for the OSPR's Oil Spill Prevention Administration Fund comes from a fee placed on every barrel of crude oil entering California. The CDFW Wildlife Forensics Laboratory
1326-633: Is a desert resort city in Riverside County, California , United States, within the Colorado Desert 's Coachella Valley . The city covers approximately 94 square miles (240 km ), making it the largest city in Riverside County by land area. With multiple plots in checkerboard pattern, more than 10% of the city is part of the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians reservation land and
1404-529: Is an American state agency under the California Natural Resources Agency . The Department of Fish and Wildlife manages and protects the state's wildlife, wildflowers, trees, mushrooms, algae (kelp and seaweed) and native habitats (ecosystems). The department is responsible for regulatory enforcement and management of related recreational, commercial, scientific, and educational uses. The department also prevents illegal poaching . The Game Act
1482-490: Is an important location in the creation myths of the Agua Caliente band. Although the legend comes in many versions, most regard Tahquitz as a powerful nukatam, roughly "Shaman," who was created directly by the creator of the world, Mukat . He became obsessed with a young woman whom he kidnapped and took to Tahquitz canyon, where they lived for several years. Due to her continued unhappiness, Tahquitz allowed her to leave on
1560-462: Is the administrative capital of the most populated reservation in California . The population of Palm Springs was 44,575 as of the 2020 census , but because Palm Springs is a retirement location and a winter snowbird destination, the city's population triples between November and March. The city is noted for its mid-century modern architecture, design elements, arts and cultural scene, and recreational activities. The first humans to settle in
1638-855: Is water. Located in the Coachella Valley desert region, Palm Springs is sheltered by the San Bernardino Mountains to the north, the Santa Rosa Mountains to the south, by the San Jacinto Mountains to the west and by the Little San Bernardino Mountains to the east. Palm Springs has a hot desert climate ( BWh in Köppen-Geiger classification ), with over 300 days of sunshine and 4.93 inches (125.2 mm) of rainfall annually. The wettest “rain year” on record
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#17328525906681716-418: The Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians is composed of several smaller bands who live in the modern-day Coachella Valley and San Gorgonio Pass . The Agua Caliente Reservation occupies 32,000 acres (13,000 ha), of which 6,700 acres (2,700 ha) lie within the city limits, making the Agua Caliente natives the city's largest landowners. (Tribal enrollment as of 2010 was 410 people. ) As of 1821 Mexico
1794-753: The Agua Caliente Reservation was established by the United States government in 1876, the reservation land was composed of alternating sections (640 acres or 260 ha) of land laid out across the desert in a checkerboard pattern . The alternating non-reservation sections were granted to the Southern Pacific Railroad as an incentive to bring rail lines through the Sonoran Desert . A number of streets and areas in Palm Springs are named for Native American notables, including Andreas, Arenas, Amado, Belardo, Lugo, Patencio, Saturnino, and Chino. All of these are common Cahuilla surnames. Presently
1872-532: The Alexander Construction Company built some 2,200 houses in Palm Springs effectively doubling its housing capacity. As the 1970s drew to a close, increasing numbers of retirees moved to the Coachella Valley. As a result, Palm Springs began to evolve from a virtual ghost town in the summer to a year-round community. Businesses and hotels that used to close for the months of July and August instead remained open all summer. As commerce grew, so too did
1950-683: The Coachella and Stagecoach Festivals in nearby Indio attract younger people, making greater Palm Springs a more attractive area to retire. Following the 2008 recession, Palm Springs revitalized its Downtown, "the Village". Rebuilding started with the demolition of the Bank of America building in January 2012, with the Desert Fashion Plaza scheduled for demolition in 2013. In 2020, Christy Holstege became
2028-521: The Kaufmann Desert House . A modernist classic, this mostly glass residence incorporated the latest technological advances in building materials, using natural lighting and floating planes and flowing space for proportion and detail. In recent years an energetic preservation program has protected and enhanced many classic buildings. Culver (2010) argues that Palm Springs architecture became the model for mass-produced suburban housing, especially in
2106-664: The Torney General Hospital , with Italian prisoners of war serving as kitchen help and orderlies in 1944 and 1945. Through the war it was staffed with 1,500 personnel and treated some 19,000 patients. General Patton's Desert Training Center encompassed the entire region, with its headquarters in Camp Young at the Chiriaco Summit and an equipment depot maintained by the 66th Ordnance in present-day Palm Desert . Architectural modernists flourished with commissions from
2184-538: The 10 year limit on the leases. After changes in the Indian Leasing Act in 1959, long term leases were permitted. Mayor Frank Bogert and other city officials advocated to the conservators that managed the tribe's leases to end the short term leases and enter into long term leases to largely white property owners for redevelopment. City funds were used to clear the land for redevelopment, including burning "shacks and makeshift homes... [which had] rented for $ 20 to $ 40
2262-527: The 1963 movie Palm Springs Weekend , the number of visitors grew and at times the gatherings had problems. In 1969 an estimated 15,000 people had gathered for a concert at the Palm Springs Angel Stadium and 300 were arrested for drunkenness or disturbing the peace. In the 1980s, 10,000 or more college students would visit the city and form crowds and parties—and another rampage occurred in 1986 when Palm Springs Police in riot gear had to put down
2340-461: The 21st century. Palm Springs (as well as surrounding areas) became a desired destination as the COVID-19 pandemic began; the city saw an increase of residents from larger cities like Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Seattle, with new residents seeking less dense areas from which to work remotely. Since the early 1950s the city had been a popular spring break resort. Glamorized as a destination in
2418-537: The CDFW. Although the department's name was recently modified by changing the word "Game" to "Wildlife", no such name change has occurred for the commission. CDFW officers were followed by the National Geographic Channel show " Wild Justice " in 2010 and 2011. A fictionalized version of the CDFW is depicted in the 2022 film, Jurassic World Dominion . Rangers capture and relocate dinosaurs that escaped into
Tahquitz Canyon - Misplaced Pages Continue
2496-522: The Cahuilla. Today it is a nature preserve open to the public that is overseen by the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians . A second location in Riverside County also bears the name Tahquitz Canyon . It is a branch canyon of the larger Martinez Canyon in the Santa Rosa Mountains , and is located at the geographic coordinates 33°30′05″N 116°18′30″W / 33.50139°N 116.30833°W / 33.50139; -116.30833 . Tahquitz Canyon
2574-750: The Cahuillas often spent the summers in Indian Canyons, the current site of the former Spa Resort Casino, in downtown, was often used during winter due to its natural hot springs. Native American petroglyphs can be seen in Tahquitz , Chino , and Indian Canyons. The Cahuilla's irrigation ditches, dams, and house pits can also be seen here. Ancient petroglyphs, pictographs and mortar holes can be seen in Andreas Canyon. The mortar holes were used to grind acorns into meal. The Agua Caliente ("Hot Water") Reservation
2652-722: The Canyon. The project produced the largest collection of artifacts and features of any site in the southern California desert and constitutes the most extensive research on the history of the inhabitants of Tahuqitz Canyon, the Kauisiktum clan of the Agua Caliente. The project was conducted prior to the Tahquitz Creek Flood Control Program. In 2010, researchers from the San Diego Zoo , U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service , and California Department of Fish and Game reintroduced
2730-673: The Chi Chi nightclub opening in 1936. Besides the gambling available at the Dunes Club, other casinos included The 139 Club and The Cove Club outside of the city. Bullock's , a large upscale department store on Broadway in Los Angeles , opened a Spanish Colonial-style "resort store" within the Desert Inn complex in 1930. When Bullock's opened a full department store at 151 Palm Canyon Drive in 1947, J. W. Robinson's , another large L.A. store, took
2808-632: The Coachella Valley were important in the war effort. The original airfield near Palm Springs became a staging area for the Air Corps Ferrying Command 's 21st Ferrying Group in November 1941 and a new airfield was built 1 ⁄ 2 mile (0.8 km) from the old site. The new airfield, designated Palm Springs Army Airfield, was completed in early 1942. Personnel from the Air Transport Command 560th Army Air Forces Base Unit stayed at
2886-527: The Department of Fish and Game (DFG). California Fish and Game also collaborated with the indigenous Native American Tribes to ensure their proper fishing rights. The Yurok tribe has collaborated with them as recently as 2011. The department also helped figure out the official count of fish killed (which was around 30,000) in the 2002 Fish Kill on the Klamath River . The Klamath river is very important to
2964-672: The La Paz Guest Ranch and training was conducted at the airfield by the 72nd and 73rd Ferrying Squadrons. Later training was provided by the IV Fighter Command 459th Base Headquarters and Air Base Squadron. Eight months before Pearl Harbor Day, the El Mirador Hotel was fully booked and adding new facilities. After the war started, the U.S. government bought the hotel from owner Warren Phinney for $ 750,000, just over $ 13,000,000 if including inflation in 2020, and converted it into
3042-752: The Law Enforcement Division into the California Highway Patrol has been discussed, similar to how Alaska has a Wildlife Trooper division within the Alaska State Troopers . Given that the CDFW Law Enforcement Division has faced low numbers of Wildlife Officers for the last ten years. The Marine Region officers patrol the entire coastline of California, and up to 200 miles off the shore. Marine officers enforce commercial and sport fishing laws through spot checks on
3120-594: The Oasis Hotel with her husband Austin G. McManus; the Modern/Art Deco resort was designed by Lloyd Wright and featured a 40-foot (12 m) tower. The next major hotel was the El Mirador, a large and luxurious resort that attracted the biggest movie stars; opening in 1927, its prominent feature was a 68-foot-tall (21 m) Renaissance style tower. Silent film star Fritzi Ridgeway 's 100-room Hotel del Tahquitz
3198-428: The Section 14 residents. After legal objections to its removal from Bogert's supporters and family members were rejected by the courts, the statue was relocated on July 13, 2022. Section 14 residents are still seeking financial reparations for the evictions. Similar to the pre-war era, Palm Springs remained popular with the rich and famous of Hollywood, as well as retirees and Canadian tourists. Between 1947 and 1965,
Tahquitz Canyon - Misplaced Pages Continue
3276-542: The Southwest. This "Desert Modern" style was a high-end architectural style featuring open-design plans, wall-to-wall carpeting, air-conditioning, swimming pools, and very large windows. As Culver concludes, "While environmentalists might condemn desert modern, the masses would not. Here, it seemed, were houses that fully merged inside and outside, providing spaces for that essential component of Californian—and indeed middle-class American—life: leisure. While not everyone could have
3354-604: The area in 1922. Palm Springs became popular with movie stars in the 1930s and estate building expanded into the Movie Colony neighborhoods, Tahquitz River Estates, and Las Palmas neighborhoods. Actors Charles Farrell and Ralph Bellamy opened the Racquet Club in 1934 and Pearl McCallum opened the Tennis Club in 1937. Nightclubs were set up as well, with Al Wertheimer opening The Dunes outside of Palm Springs in 1934 and
3432-512: The area were the Cahuilla people , who arrived 2,000 years ago. Cahuilla Indians lived here in isolation from other cultures for hundreds of years prior to European contact. They spoke Ivilyuat , which is a Uto-Aztecan language . Numerous prominent and powerful Cahuilla leaders were from the area, including Cahuilla Lion ( Chief Juan Antonio ). Palm Canyon was occupied during the winter months, but they often moved to cooler Chino Canyon during
3510-491: The canyon, used to store water, seeds and to bury the cremated remains of the dead. Irrigation ditches in the canyon were used by the Agua Caliente people to carry water to crops before the arrival of outsiders. The Agua Caliente Band maintains a visitor center and hiking trail for the canyon. The trail is a two-mile loop which leads to Tahquitz Falls and back. Between 1988 and 1994 an extensive program conducted excavations and retrieval of artifacts and archaeological data in
3588-476: The city government, stimulated by real estate developers, systematically removed and excluded poor people and Indians. Palm Springs was pictured by the French photographer Robert Doisneau in November 1960 as part of an assignment for Fortune on the construction of golf courses in this particularly dry and hot area of the Colorado desert. Doisneau submitted around 300 slides following his ten-day stay depicting
3666-416: The condition that she not tell her people what had transpired. She disregarded this warning and was consequently struck dead by Tahquitz's power. The legend states that Tahquitz himself is immortal, that he still imparts power to worthy nukatam , and that he steals the souls of those who venture too far into his canyon at night. He is said to be the cause of the earthquakes in the area, and to reveal himself as
3744-545: The endangered Mountain yellow-legged frog into Tahquitz Creek after it had been rediscovered in 2009. Flood control channels were laid in order to manage the threat of devastating flooding occurring during years of heavy rain and snow fall in the mountains of the Tahquitz Canyon. As a consequence of the project, the Tahquitz creek was channeled with the least impact to the resources of the canyon. An excavation project preceded
3822-444: The exception of Sacramento , Yolo , and San Joaquin counties). The department employs wardens to protect California's wildlife and natural resources. CDFW wardens are armed law enforcement officers with statewide arrest authority. Their primary mission is to enforce California state laws related to hunting, fishing, pollution, endangered species, and wildlife habitat destruction . However, they can enforce any state law, anywhere in
3900-620: The first fish ladder in the state was built on a tributary of the Truckee River , and a state hatching house was established at the University of California in Berkeley . In 1871, the state appointed the first Game Wardens to handle wildlife law enforcement, making the Enforcement Division of the Department of Fish and Game the first state law enforcement agency enacted in California. Over
3978-472: The flood control project. From 1921 through 1930 the canyon was used for outdoor plays. The series of three Desert Plays featured Fire and The Arrow Maker by Mary Hunter Austin and one based on the legend of Tahquitz, written by Garnet Holme . The Tahquitz Falls were used as a scene in Frank Capra 's 1937 film Lost Horizon . Palm Springs, California Palm Springs ( Cahuilla : Séc-he )
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#17328525906684056-403: The former Bullock's location and opened its own resort store there. Southern California's first self-contained shopping center was in Palm Springs, La Plaza (originally Palm Springs Plaza) , and on-street, open air center anchored by a small Desmond's department store , in 1936. The three-level parking garage for 141 cars was an innovation and the largest in Riverside County at that time. In
4134-480: The iconic roadrunner , which can run at speeds exceeding 15 mph (24 km/h). Other avifauna includes the ladder-backed woodpecker , flycatchers , elf owls , great horned owls , sparrow hawks and a variety of raptors . California Department of Fish and Game The California Department of Fish and Wildlife ( CDFW ), formerly known as the California Department of Fish and Game ( CDFG ),
4212-491: The lake. This forced the Cahuilla Indians in the area to relocate to new sources of water. Along with Andreas Canyon, Palm Canyon, and Murray Canyon, Tahquitz Canyon was one such location. Indians living in the canyon created various petroglyphs , most of which are lost today. Stone artifacts were discovered in the canyon including arrow shaft straighteners made from soapstones (steatites) and heated to steam and shape arrows. Fragments of broken ceramic ollas were also found in
4290-479: The lifestyle of wealthy retirees and Hollywood stars in the 1960s. At the time, Palm Springs counted just 19 courses, which had grown to 125 by 2010. Section 14 is a square mile of land owned by the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians within close walking distance of downtown. Former residents in this area, mostly black people and other people of color, lived in land leased in short terms by individual Indigenous owners. Commercial development did not occur due to
4368-580: The mayor of Palm Springs, which made her the first openly bisexual mayor in the United States, as well as the first female mayor of Palm Springs. The following year, Lisa Middleton became mayor, making her the first openly transgender mayor in California history. The movement behind mid-century modern architecture (1950s/60s era) in Palm Springs is backed by architecture enthusiasts, designers, and local historians to preserve many of Palm Springs' buildings and homes of famous celebrities, businessmen, and politicians. Stores sell furniture and gifts that feature
4446-452: The mid-twentieth century across the street on Palm Canyon Drive were department stores like Bullock's / Bullocks Wilshire ( No. 151, 1947–1990), J. W. Robinson's (No. 333, 1958–1987), and Saks Fifth Avenue (opened October 16, 1959, at No. 490), forming a large shopping district. In 1967 the Desert Fashion Plaza mall was built, I. Magnin opened there (closed 1992) and Saks closed its previous location and moved into
4524-500: The name was already in wide acceptance. The area was named "Palm Valley" when McCallum incorporated the "Palm Valley Land and Water Company" with partners O.C. Miller, H.C. Campbell, and James Adams, M.D. McCallum, who had brought his ill son to the dry climate for health, brought in irrigation advocate Dr. Oliver Wozencroft and engineer J. P. Lippincott to help construct a canal from the Whitewater River to fruit orchards on his property. He also asked Dr. Welwood Murray to establish
4602-403: The native California fan palm, Washingtonia filifera , which is abundant in the Palm Springs area. Other early names were "Palmetto Spring" and "Big Palm Springs". The first European resident in Palm Springs itself was Jack Summers, who ran the stagecoach station on the Bradshaw Trail in 1862. Fourteen years later (1876), the Southern Pacific railroad was laid 6 miles (9.5 km) to
4680-422: The next 30 years, the Board of Fish Commissioners were given authority over game in the state as well as establishing hunting and fishing licenses. In 1909, the Board of Fish Commissioners changed its name to the Fish and Game Commission. The Division of Fish and Game was established in 1927, set up within the Department of Natural Resources. In 1951, the Reorganization Act elevated the Division of Fish and Game to
4758-426: The north, isolating the station. In 1880, local Indian Pedro Chino was selling parcels near the springs to William Van Slyke and Mathew Bryne in a series of questionable transactions; they in turn brought in W. R. Porter to help market their property through the "Palm City Land and Water Company". By 1885, when San Francisco attorney (later known as "Judge") John Guthrie McCallum began buying property in Palm Springs,
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#17328525906684836-420: The number of families with children. The recession of 1973–1975 affected Palm Springs as many of the wealthy residents had to cut back on their spending. Later in the 1970s numerous Chicago mobsters invested $ 50 million in the Palm Springs area, buying houses, land, and businesses. While Palm Springs faced competition from the desert cities to the east in the later 1980s, it has continued to prosper into
4914-404: The population dropped markedly in the summer months. In 1906 naturalist and travel writer George Wharton James 's two volume The Wonders of the Colorado Desert described Palm Springs as having "great charms and attractiveness" and included an account of his stay at Murray's hotel. As James also described, Palm Springs was more comfortable in its microclimate because the area was covered in
4992-461: The region became part of the United States in 1848. One possible origin of palm in the place name comes from early Spanish explorers who referred to the area as La Palma de la Mano de Dios or "The Palm of God's hand". The earliest use of the name "Palm Springs" is from United States Topographical Engineers who used the term in 1853 maps. According to William Bright , when the word "palm" appears in Californian place names, it usually refers to
5070-449: The rowdy crowd. In 1990, due to complaints by residents, mayor Sonny Bono and the city council closed the city's Palm Canyon Drive to spring breakers and the downtown businesses, normally filled with tourists, lost money. Tourism is a major factor in the city's economy with 1.6 million visitors in 2011. The city has over 130 hotels and resorts, numerous bed and breakfasts , and over 100 restaurants and dining spots. Events such as
5148-431: The shadow of Mount San Jacinto to the west and in the winter the mountains block cold winds from the San Gorgonio Pass . Early illustrious visitors included John Muir and his daughters, U.S. Vice President Charles Fairbanks , and Fanny Stevenson , widow of Robert Louis Stevenson . Murray's hotel was closed in 1909 and torn down in 1954. Nellie N. Coffman and her physician husband Harry established The Desert Inn as
5226-400: The stars, using the city to explore architectural innovations, new artistic venues, and an exotic back-to-the-land experiences. Inventive architects designed unique vacation houses, such as steel houses with prefabricated panels and folding roofs, a glass-and-steel house in a boulder-strewn landscape, and a carousel house that turned to avoid the sun's glare. In 1946, Richard Neutra designed
5304-407: The state. Vehicles used range from the patrol pickups to boats, catamarans , four-wheelers , snow-mobiles , horses , helicopters , and planes. The wardens investigate, collect evidence, serve search warrants, arrest criminals, and ensure public safety. Wardens patrol the state of California and 200 miles (320 km) off the coast. As of 2014, about 380 wardens patrolled the state. Merging
5382-459: The summer months. The Cahuilla Indians had several permanent settlements in the canyons of Palm Springs due to the abundance of water and shade. Various hot springs were used during wintertime. The Cahuilla hunted rabbit, mountain goat, and quail while trapping fish in nearby lakes and rivers. While men were responsible for hunting, women were responsible for collecting berries, acorns, and seeds. They also made tortillas from mesquite seeds. While
5460-499: The titles of their Departments. This change reflects the trend toward expansion of the Agencies' missions from sport fishing and hunting alone, to protection of non-game wildlife and whole ecosystems. In June 2015, the CDFW phased out lead ammunition for hunting on state land in order to keep lead out of backcountry ecosystems. The Department of Fish and Wildlife divides the State of California into seven management regions whose boundaries mostly correspond to county borders (with
5538-436: The tribes that live along that river. By 2012, California was one of only 13 states still using "Game" in the title of their wildlife agency. The State Legislature changed the department's name to Fish and Wildlife on January 1, 2013. The legislation followed recommendations of a 51-member stakeholder advisory group. 18 other states use the term "wildlife," while the others generally use "natural resources" or "conservation," in
5616-458: The water and on land. As of 2001, the Marine Region was patrolled by 63 officers piloting 65-foot, 54-foot, and 40-foot mono-hull patrol vessels and 18-foot and 24-foot rigid-hull inflatable patrol boats . Some rigid-hull inflatable boats are carried on the larger patrol vessels, while others are carried on trailers to respond to emergencies on the north coast. The Special Operations Unit (SOU)
5694-496: Was built in 1929, next to the "Fool's Folly" mansion built by Chicago heiress Lois Kellogg. Golfing was available at the O'Donnell 9 hole course (1926) and the El Mirador (1929) course (see Golf below ). Hollywood movie stars were attracted by the hot dry, sunny weather and seclusion—they built homes and estates in the Warm Sands, The Mesa, and Historic Tennis Club neighborhoods (see Neighborhoods below ). About 20,000 visitors came to
5772-415: Was established in 1876 and consists of 31,128 acres (12,597 ha). Six thousand seven hundred acres (2,700 ha) are located by Downtown Palm Springs. The Native American land is on long lease land and next to one of California's high-end communities, making the tribe one of the wealthiest in California. The first name for Palm Springs was given by the native Cahuilla: "Se-Khi" (boiling water). When
5850-660: Was from July 1926 to June 1927 with 17.68 inches or 449.1 millimetres — of which 10.22 inches or 259.6 millimetres fell during three days in mid-February — and the driest from July 2001 to June 2002 with 0.40 inches or 10.2 millimetres. The winter months are warm, with a majority of days reaching 70 °F or 21.1 °C and in January and February afternoons often see temperatures of 80 °F or 26.7 °C and on occasion reach over 90 °F or 32.2 °C, while, on average, there are 17 mornings annually dipping to or below 40 °F or 4.4 °C; freezing temperatures occur in less than half of years. The lowest temperature recorded
5928-744: Was independent of Spain, and in March 1823, the Mexican Monarchy ended. That same year (in December) Mexican diarist José María Estudillo and Brevet Captain José Romero were sent to find a route from Sonora to Alta California ; on their expedition, they first recorded the existence of "Agua Caliente" at Palm Springs, California. With the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo after the Mexican-American War ,
6006-511: Was made the first game refuge of California in 1869, believed to be the first in the United States. In 1870, the Legislature, with the support of Governor Henry Huntly Haight , created the Board of Fish Commissioners. The Board stipulated that fish ladders were now required at state dams. The Board outlawed explosives or other deleterious substances, and created a $ 500 fine for violations. In 1870,
6084-571: Was passed in 1852 by the California State Legislature and signed into law by Governor John Bigler . The Game Act closed seasons in 12 counties for quail, partridge, mallard and wood ducks, elk, deer, and antelope. A second legislative action enacted the same year protected salmon runs. In 1854, the Legislature extended the act to include all counties of California. In 1860, protection controls were extended for trout. Lake Merritt in Oakland
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