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48-673: TRN may refer to: Taiga Rescue Network Talk Radio Network , US radio syndicator Terrain Relative Navigation , NASA technology used by Mars landers Thalamic reticular nucleus The Rail Network , an American television network Times Record News , a daily newspaper in Wichita Falls, Texas Turin International Airport , Italy, IATA code See also [ edit ] Trn (disambiguation) Topics referred to by

96-593: A FSC certification in general. Others award different scores to products with FSC 100, FSC MIX or FSC RECYCLED. FSC certified wood products contribute to score up to 2 points in the LEED v4.1 credit 'Sourcing of Raw Materials'. In addition, FSC certified wood products can contribute to score up to 1 point in the LEED v4.1 pilot credit 'Social Equity within the Supply Chain '. BREEAM awards credits for FSC certified wood products in

144-882: A clearly determined timeframe. An accreditation body audits each FSC certificate issued at least once a year. Non-compliance results in a request to make the prescribed changes within a given timeframe or lose its FSC certificate. Depending on the seriousness of the infringement, the timeline can go from one year for minor administrative infringements to immediate action for major infringements. In September 2012, some 165 million hectares were certified to FSC's Principles and Criteria in 80 countries. Around 24,000 FSC Chain of Custody certificates were active in 107 countries. The FSC website has statistics on regional distributions, ownership and forest type and numbers of FSC certificates representing all valid forest management and chain of custody certificates. The expenses for successful forest management certification typically are divided into costs for

192-591: A contribution to mitigating the effects of climate change . FSC addresses issues such as illegal logging , deforestation and global warming and some reports indicate positive effects on economic development , environmental conservation , poverty alleviation , and social and political empowerment . To this end, the body has published a global strategy with five goals: These goals are promoted, managed, and developed through six program areas: forests, chain of custody , social policy , monitoring and evaluation , quality assurance , and ecosystem services . FSC

240-635: A day-to-day basis with the support of a professional team at the FSC International Center. He or she is accountable to the FSC Board of Directors. While the FSC International Center is based in Bonn , Germany , it has a decentralized network of FSC Network Partners that promote responsible forest management on behalf of FSC. FSC Network Partners include FSC National Offices, FSC National Representatives and FSC National Focal Points. Kim Carstensen has been

288-816: A forest that is responsibly managed in accordance with the FSC P&;C. It tracks the flow of certified wood through the supply chain and across borders through each successive stage - including processing, transformation and manufacturing - all the way to the final product. It is up to a company to initiate the certification process by requesting the services of an accredited certification body to inspect its internal tracking procedures. Companies committing to FSC include home-improvement or DIY companies, publishers and retailers, amongst many others. All operations that want to produce an FSC-certified product or want to make corresponding sales claims must comply with FSC's international standards for chain of custody. An operation must specify

336-582: A legally binding convention, the resulting Statement of Forest Principles represents the "mean position of the lowest common denominator" and is voluntary. Disappointed with the outcome of the Earth Summit, NGOs such as the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) began to turn their attention to industry for a governance-oriented resolution to deforestation. In the lead-up to the Earth Summit, social groups, NGOs, and industries were also beginning to consult on

384-707: A number of certification schemes for forest management apart from FSC certification. The main competing forest certification system is the Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC), established by a number of stakeholders , including associations of the forest industry, pulp-and-paper production and forest owners in response to the creation and increasing popularity of FSC. PEFC has been criticized for having little influence from local people or environmental organizations, lack of transparency and non-objective requirements. Other certification schemes include

432-518: A pilot project with Fairtrade International (FLO) to help community-based and small-scale timber producers get a fair price for their products and gain visibility in the marketplace. The first jointly labelled FSC-FLO products went onto the market in 2011, using wood from the forests of the Curacautín Valley in Chile , manufactured commercially by Swedish firm Kährs. FSC also works in liaison with

480-576: A tool to demonstrate their commitment to sustainability. FSC is a member of the International Social and Environmental Accreditation and Labelling (ISEAL) Alliance, an association of voluntary international standard setting and certification organizations focused on social and environmental issues. Since 2006, FSC has complied with ISEAL's Code of Good Practice for Setting Social and Environmental standards, aimed at assuring high standards for credible behavior in ethical trade. In 2009, FSC began

528-516: Is a global forest certification system established for forests and forest products . According to the Council, the use of the FSC logo signifies that a product comes from environmentally, socially, and economically responsible sources. In addition to its global certification standard, FSC develops national standards in selected countries. The FSC has 10 Principles and associated Criteria (FSC P&C) that form

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576-468: Is a once-a-year promotional event dedicated to the celebration of forests around the globe and the promotion of responsible forest management worldwide. The FSC's stated mission is to "promote environmentally appropriate , socially beneficial, and economically viable management of the world's forests". It claims that forests managed to its standards offer benefits to both local and wider communities, and these are said to include cleaner air and water, and

624-572: Is an international membership organization with a governance structure based on participation, democracy, equity and transparency. It is a platform for forest owners , timber industries , social groups and environmental organizations to find solutions to improve forest management practices. It is an example of a product-oriented multistakeholder governance group. It is governed by its members, who join either as individuals or as representatives of organizations. Members apply to join one of three chambers – environmental, social and economic. Each chamber

672-442: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Taiga Rescue Network TRN's mission was support local struggle and strengthen the cooperation between individuals, NGOs and indigenous peoples and nations concerned with the protection, restoration and sustainable use of the world's boreal forests by means that ensure the integrity of natural processes and dynamics. The goals of

720-502: Is divided into northern and southern sub-chambers and votes are weighted to ensure that north and south each have 50%. This system is designed to ensure that influence is shared equally between different interest groups, without having to limit the number of members. FSC has three levels of decision-making bodies: The General Assembly, the Board of Directors and the executive director. The General Assembly, which takes place every three years,

768-565: Is expected. The FSC P&C apply to all tropical , temperate and boreal forests and many tree plantations and partially replanted forests. Though mainly designed for forest management for timber products , they are also largely relevant for non-timber products (e.g. Brazil nuts ) and other environmental services such as clean water and air and carbon sequestration . The Revised P&C were approved in February 2012. The basic requirements are: The FSC Chain of Custody (CoC) system allows

816-526: Is intended to ensure that the process for developing FSC policies and standards is transparent, independent and participatory. A number of alternative national and regional forest certification bodies also exist around the globe. The FSC has 10 Principles and associated Criteria that form the basis for all FSC standards and certification. Using the FSC logo supposedly signifies that the product comes from responsible sources—environmentally appropriate, socially beneficial and economically viable. The FSC label

864-497: Is made up of the three membership chambers and is the highest decision-making body in FSC. Every member has the right to attend, formulate and submit motions, and vote. The FSC Board of Directors is accountable to the FSC members. It is made up of nine elected individuals who are FSC members and advocates. One member of the board of directors is elected from each sub-chamber of the General Assembly. The Executive Director runs FSC on

912-496: Is used on a wide range of timber and non-timber products, from paper and furniture to medicine and jewelry, and aims to give consumers the option of supporting responsible forestry. In addition to its global certification standard, FSC develops national standards in selected countries. These standards are closely aligned to the global certification standard and its criteria, but are adapted to local context conditions. Currently, so called National Forest Stewardship Standards exist for

960-530: The International Organization for Standardization (ISO). It contributes to the ISO's committees on sustainable criteria for bioenergy , environmental auditing and environmental labelling . FSC is a global forest certification system established for forests and forest products . FSC International sets the framework for developing and maintaining international, national and sub-national standards. This

1008-763: The International Tropical Timber Agreement (1983), the Convention of International Trade on Endangered Species (1975) and the Global Environment Facility (1991). Despite the increased levels of concern in the run-up to the 1992 Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro, tensions between the North and the global South over access to finance and technology for the preservation of forests protracted negotiations. Although many Northern countries had hoped for

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1056-690: The Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI), the Malaysian Timber Certification Council , the Australian Forestry Standard , and Keurhout . Since it was founded, FSC has been criticized for a range of different reasons. In the late 2000s, a number of NGOs and environmental organizations withdrew their support for FSC. These included FERN (2011), Friends of the Earth UK (2008), ROBINWOOD (2009),

1104-587: The Swedish Society for Nature Conservation (SSNC) (2011), and smaller groups such as Rainforest Rescue and the Association for the Ecological Defence of Galicia (ADEGA). In this same period other NGO members and commenters issued critical evaluations of FSC's performance and made recommendations to improve the credibility of the organization. Greenpeace International published a 2008 report "Holding

1152-483: The ASI website. If an FSC accredited certification body is found to not fully comply with FSC rules and procedures, nonconformities are raised. If an accreditation body finds forest management at an organisation to be non-compliant, pre-conditions are noted which must be fulfilled before the FSC certificate can be awarded. If minor non-compliances are noted, the certificate can be issued with conditions that have to be met within

1200-917: The Director General of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) since October 2012. FSC has around 1200 members, including NGOs such as the World Wide Fund for Nature ; civil society organizations; forestry -focused research organizations; certification organizations ; private companies in the forestry, timber and paper industries , such as IKEA ( Sweden ); and trade unions and workers' associations. Numerous governments worldwide have strengthened market-based incentives for timber certification by providing tax benefits to certified companies, referencing certified products as requirements in their procurement policies and supporting projects linked to FSC through their international development agencies. Some companies also choose timber certification as

1248-581: The Mat 03 credit. The BREEAM Guidance Note GN18 attributes different scores to FSC 100% (7 points) and FSC MIX / FSC RECYCLED (5 points). DGNB recognizes FSC certified wood products in the ENV1.3 credit. FSC Mix scores in the Quality Level 1.2 (up to 25 out of 100 points) and FSC 100 / FSC RECYCLED score in the Quality Level 1.3 (up to 70 out of 100 points. FSC RECYCLED also scores points in the Quality Level 2.2. There are

1296-556: The NGO and indigenous communities through meetings, conferences and seminars; publishing a monthly internal newsletter The Boreal Bulletin with concise and up to date strategic information; managing several topical email lists to improve project coordination and information exchange; supporting environmentalists and indigenous peoples in the boreal region with small grants. The network coordinated NGO input into various national and international processes and facilitate joint position papers outlining

1344-491: The NGO vision for sustainable forestry in the boreal region; monitored the various national and international certification and ecolabelling processes and supported independent, performance based certification, such as the approach promoted by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC); identified forests with high conservation value and work towards their conservation through the establishment of protected areas; and lead

1392-628: The basis for all FSC standards and certification. FSC was established in 1994 as a response to concerns over global deforestation . It now has around 1200 members, including the World Wide Fund for Nature and IKEA . Tropical deforestation as a global concern rose to prominence in the 1980s and can be attributed in part to environmentalists and northern countries advocating for the need to protect tropical woodland . A number of other economic and regulatory mechanisms such as financial aid, policy frameworks, and trade conventions were also established to prevent and mitigate deforestation. These include

1440-493: The certificates in question, and showed that some of the initial investigations were justified. This resulted in the removal of the license to certify from the Thai company, Forest Industry Organization. FSC-Watch is a website critical of FSC which is run by a group of people, including Simon Counsell, who are concerned about what they perceive as the constant and serious erosion of the FSC's reliability and credibility. Its website offers

1488-448: The consumer to make socially and environmentally responsible buying decisions. Once a forest is certified it is important to be able to trace the products that come from it throughout the supply chain to ensure that any claims on the origin of the product are credible and verifiable. FSC chain of custody certification is a voluntary process. It is a tracking system that allows manufacturers and traders to demonstrate that timber comes from

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1536-487: The continued implementation of FSC rules and procedures, every year ASI conducts at least one office and one field assessment for each FSC accredited certification body. The exact number and distribution of ASI assessments takes a number of complex factors into account (geographic areas, policies or products that carry increased risk) and the number of FSC certificates handled by an accredited certification body. Some summaries of ASI surveillance audits are publicly available on

1584-424: The enhancement of sustainability , audits , and secondary costs (e.g. losses of stumpage revenues). Forest management certification is a voluntary process for verifying responsible forest practices. An FSC- accredited certification body performs a forest inspection at the request of the forest owner or operator. Certificate holders are charged an annual fee to renew their accreditation, and continuous compliance

1632-715: The following countries (sorted by first year of introduction): FSC does not conduct certification audits itself, developing procedures and standards to evaluate whether certification bodies can provide independent and competent certification services. This process is known as 'accreditation'. A potential certification body must gain FSC accreditation to be able to evaluate, monitor and certify companies to FSC standards. To become FSC accredited, certifiers have to comply with an extensive set of rules and procedures verified by Assurance Services International GmbH - an international assurance organisation for voluntary sustainability standards and initiatives including MSC and RSPO . To control

1680-413: The form of an internationally reaching and legally binding agreement caused both disillusionment and an opportunity for change through the involvement of civil society and business actors to form "soft law". As such the establishment of the Forest Stewardship Council as the response to this disillusionment also represents a global shift from government to governance and its creation is a primary example of

1728-460: The general public about boreal forest issues by publishing Taiga News, a quarterly publication covering social and environmental issues relating to the entire boreal region; producing fact sheets on sensitive areas under particular threat; compiling profiles of key industry players; publishing reports and studies that critically analyze the trends and challenges facing the boreal region; participating in an ongoing dialogue with public administrations and

1776-561: The issue of deforestation. In America, the consultation process that eventually led to the establishment of the FSC was initiated in 1990 and concluded in the confirmation of support for the development of a voluntary worldwide certification and accreditation governance system that would cover all forest types. In the UK, NGO WWF began to facilitate action through the establishment of the 1995 Group , recruiting organizations that had been spurred on by instances of direct action and boycotting over

1824-496: The line with FSC" focused on controversial certificates and ways forward. FSC was also harshly criticized by Simon Counsell, one of its founding members, later the director of the Rainforest Foundation . In 2008, he described the FSC as the " Enron of Forestry". He cited case studies from six countries which suggested that in these cases FSC was not properly controlling accredited auditors or certifiers. The FSC reviewed

1872-445: The network were 1) Promoting socially beneficial, economically viable and ecologically sound management of the boreal forests; 2) Ensuring Indigenous Peoples rights are respected and local control of resources is guaranteed; 3) Protecting old-growth Northern forests; and 4) Halting destructive extraction and wasteful consumption of products from boreal forests. The network worked to disseminate information among governments, industry, and

1920-477: The private sector on local, national and international levels to strengthen environmental regulations related to forest protection and sustainable forest management in the boreal region; organizing a biennial international conference bringing together various stakeholders (scientists, environmental organizations, indigenous peoples support groups, industry, media). TRN promoted cooperation through joint projects among NGOs and indigenous peoples by uniting and informing

1968-469: The range of products they wish to sell as FSC certified and promote with the FSC trademark. The certification body inspects the operation to ensure that controls are in place to identify eligible sources for the specified product range and to prevent certified and recycled material from mixing with material from unacceptable sources. If an operation complies with FSC standards, the company is issued an FSC chain of custody certificate. Major failure to comply with

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2016-433: The sale of tropical wood to form an NGO-business partnership. Through stakeholder involvement, it became apparent that a standard-setting body would be required to verify the source of wood products and define sustainable forest management . After 18 months of consultation in ten different countries, the Forest Stewardship Council was established in 1993. The failure of governments to reach any notable form of consensus in

2064-403: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title TRN . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=TRN&oldid=1007588707 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

2112-905: The standard will normally disqualify the candidate from certification or lead to de-certification. The FSC Mix label was introduced in 2004. It allows manufacturers to mix FSC-certified material with uncertified materials in FSC-labeled products under controlled conditions. It aims to avoid the use of wood products from "unacceptable" sources in FSC-labeled products. Unacceptable sources include illegally harvested wood, wood harvested in violation of traditional and civil rights, wood harvested in HCV forests and wood harvested from areas where genetically modified trees are planted. FSC certified construction wood and construction products made from FSC certified wood can contribute to green building certification systems . Some green building certification systems are recognizing

2160-520: The start of a process of developing baseline requirements for each of the revised Criteria. These requirements - called International Generic Indicators (IGIs) - are intended to ensure consistent application of the FSC P&C across all countries. Where national standards are not currently established, the IGIs will be used as interim standards. On 25 September 2009, the first FSC Friday took place in Bonn. FSC Friday

2208-433: The tracking of FSC certified material from the forest to the consumer. It is a method by which companies can show their commitment to the environment and responsible forest management. Only companies that have FSC chain of custody certification are allowed to use the FSC trademarks and labels to promote their products. The FSC label therefore provides a link between responsible production and responsible consumption and helps

2256-485: The use of market and economic factors to create movement on a global environmental issue . In February 2012, the membership approved the first major revision to the 10 Principles and associated Criteria (FSC P&C), which form the basis for all FSC standards and certification, in order to bring its certification up to date. The review and revision of the FSC P&C began in 2008 and gathered feedback from many FSC members and other stakeholders. This revision also marked

2304-417: The way in mapping trade links of boreal products. Forest Stewardship Council The Forest Stewardship Council GmbH ( FSC ) is an international non-profit , multistakeholder organization established in 1993 that promotes responsible management of the world's forests via timber certification . This organization uses a market-based approach to transnational environmental policy . FSC

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