Misplaced Pages

#784215

118-541: The Times Higher Education World University Rankings , often referred to as the THE Rankings , is the annual publication of university rankings by the Times Higher Education magazine. The publisher had collaborated with Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) to publish the joint THE-QS World University Rankings from 2004 to 2009 before it turned to Thomson Reuters for a new ranking system from 2010 to 2013. In 2014,

236-485: A British publication, published the annual Times Higher Education–QS World University Rankings in association with Quacquarelli Symonds (QS). THE published a table of the top 200 universities and QS ranked approximately 500 online, in book form, and via media partners. On 30 October 2009, THE broke with QS and joined Thomson Reuters to provide a new set of world university rankings, called Times Higher Education World University Rankings . The 2015/16 edition of

354-673: A European Commission supported feasibility study, was undertaken to contribute to the European Commission objective of enhancing transparency about the different missions and the performance of higher education institutions and research institutes. At a press conference in Brussels on 13 May 2011, the U-Multirank was officially launched by Androulla Vassiliou , Commissioner for Higher Education and Culture saying: U-Multirank "will be useful to each participating higher education institution, as

472-527: A Spain-based research organization consist of members from the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), University of Granada , Charles III University of Madrid , University of Alcalá , University of Extremadura and other education institutions in Spain. The ranking measures areas such as research output, international collaboration, normalized impact, and publication rate. U-Multirank,

590-488: A future observation X will lie in the interval with high probability γ {\displaystyle \gamma } , i.e. For the standard score Z of X it gives: By determining the quantile z such that it follows: In process control applications, the Z value provides an assessment of the degree to which a process is operating off-target. When scores are measured on different scales, they may be converted to z-scores to aid comparison. Dietz et al. give

708-464: A human competitiveness index & analysis annually by Asia First Media—now part of Destiny Media, previously ChaseCareer Network (ChaseCareer.Net). This system is based on Human Resources & Labour Review Indexes, the HRI and LRI, which measure the performance of top 300 universities' graduates. Standard score In statistics , the standard score is the number of standard deviations by which

826-607: A long tradition on offering free education within facilities of higher education. In 2021, the University of Tsukuba in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan, was alleged to have submitted falsified data on the number of international students enrolled at the university to the Times Higher Education World University Rankings. The discovery resulted in an investigation by THE and the provision of guidance to

944-553: A measure of quality and so create intense competition between universities all over the world". Several organizations produce worldwide university rankings, including the following. The three longest established and most influential global rankings are those produced by Quacquarelli Symonds (QS), Times Higher Education ( THE ) and Shanghai Ranking Consultancy (the Academic Ranking of World Universities ; ARWU ). All of these, along with other global rankings, primarily measure

1062-502: A new rankings methodology in consultation with its readers, its editorial board and Thomson Reuters. Thomson Reuters will collect and analyse the data used to produce the rankings on behalf of Times Higher Education. The first ranking was published in September 2010. Commenting on Times Higher Education ' s decision to split from QS, former editor Ann Mroz said, "universities deserve a rigorous, robust and transparent set of rankings –

1180-652: A planning and self-mapping exercise. By providing students with clearer information to guide their study choices, this is a fresh tool for more quality, relevance and transparency in European higher education ." The University Ranking by Academic Performance , abbreviated as URAP, was developed in the Informatics Institute of Middle East Technical University . Since 2010, it has been publishing annual national and global college and university rankings for top 2000 institutions. The scientometrics measurement of URAP

1298-454: A raw score into a standard score is called standardizing or normalizing (however, "normalizing" can refer to many types of ratios; see Normalization for more). Standard scores are most commonly called z -scores ; the two terms may be used interchangeably, as they are in this article. Other equivalent terms in use include z-value , z-statistic , normal score , standardized variable and pull in high energy physics . Computing

SECTION 10

#1732848781785

1416-484: A serious tool for the sector, not just an annual curiosity." She went on to explain the reason behind the decision to continue to produce rankings without QS' involvement, saying that: "The responsibility weighs heavy on our shoulders...we feel we have a duty to improve how we compile them." Phil Baty, editor of the new Times Higher Education World University Rankings , admitted in Inside Higher Ed , "The rankings of

1534-413: A standard score by where: The absolute value of z represents the distance between that raw score x and the population mean in units of the standard deviation. z is negative when the raw score is below the mean, positive when above. Calculating z using this formula requires use of the population mean and the population standard deviation, not the sample mean or sample deviation. However, knowing

1652-474: A subsidiary of the overall league tables and rank universities independently in accordance with their scores in prestige. Scott Jaschik of Inside Higher Ed said of the new rankings: "...Most outfits that do rankings get criticised for the relative weight given to reputation as opposed to objective measures. While Times Higher Education does overall rankings that combine various factors, it is today releasing rankings that can't be criticised for being unclear about

1770-401: A z-score requires knowledge of the mean and standard deviation of the complete population to which a data point belongs; if one only has a sample of observations from the population, then the analogous computation using the sample mean and sample standard deviation yields the t -statistic . If the population mean and population standard deviation are known, a raw score x is converted into

1888-485: Is z = x − μ σ = 24 − 21 5 = 0.6 {\displaystyle z={x-\mu \over \sigma }={24-21 \over 5}=0.6} Because student A has a higher z-score than student B, student A performed better compared to other test-takers than did student B. Continuing the example of ACT and SAT scores, if it can be further assumed that both ACT and SAT scores are normally distributed (which

2006-501: Is significant debate surrounding the interpretation, accuracy, and usefulness of rankings. The expanding diversity in rating methodologies and accompanying criticisms of each indicate the lack of consensus in the field. Further, it seems possible to game the ranking systems through excessive self-citations or by researchers supporting each other in surveys. UNESCO has even questioned whether rankings "do more harm than good," noting that while "Rightly or wrongly, they are perceived as

2124-650: Is already "dominated by three major global university rankings": the Times Higher Education World University Rankings , the Academic Ranking of World Universities , and the QS World University Rankings . U.S. News ' chief data strategist Robert Morse stated: "We're well-known in the field for doing academic rankings so we thought it was a natural extension of the other rankings that we're doing." Morse pointed out that U.S. News as "the first American publisher to enter

2242-516: Is also to a large extent an indication of research activity". Inside Higher Ed similarly states "these criteria do not actually measure teaching, and none even come close to assessing the quality of impact". Many rankings are also considered to contain biases towards the natural sciences and, due to the bibliometric sources used, towards publication in English-language journals. Some rankings, including ARWU , also fail to make any correction for

2360-447: Is approximately correct), then the z-scores may be used to calculate the percentage of test-takers who received lower scores than students A and B. "For some multivariate techniques such as multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis, the concept of distance between the units in the data is often of considerable interest and importance… When the variables in a multivariate data set are on different scales, it makes more sense to calculate

2478-493: Is based in the United Arab Emirates and publishes global university rankings measuring the quality of education and training for students as well as the prestige of the faculty members and the quality of their research. Samplings do not come from surveys and university data submissions. Instead, the rankings rely more on outcome-based samplings, coupled with a Subject ranking in 227 subject categories. The Subject portion of

SECTION 20

#1732848781785

2596-544: Is based on data obtained from the Institute for Scientific Information via Web of Science and inCites. For global rankings, URAP employs indicators of research performance including the number of articles, citation, total documents, article impact total, citation impact total, and international collaboration. In addition to global rankings, URAP publishes regional rankings for universities in Turkey using additional indicators such as

2714-552: Is focused on the research power and faculty resources for students, while the National Ranking is only focused on undergraduate studies. Therefore, for graduate studies and international students, the Best Global Universities Ranking is a much better reference than National University Ranking. Inside Higher Ed noted that U.S. News is entering into the international college and university rankings area that

2832-506: Is greater." In 2014, David Willetts became chair of the TES Global Advisory Board, responsible for providing strategic advice to Times Higher Education. Times Higher Education places a high importance on citations to generate rankings. Citations as a metric for effective education is problematic in many ways, placing universities who do not use English as their primary language at a disadvantage. Because English has been adopted as

2950-485: Is heavily weighted toward institutions whose faculty or alumni have won Nobel Prizes": it does not measure "the quality of teaching or the quality of humanities." The Aggregate Ranking of Top Universities (ARTU) is a meta-ranking that positions global universities based on World University Rankings by THE , QS , and ARWU . ARTU is produced by UNSW Sydney and published annually since 2019, with retrospective rankings available for 2012 to 2018. The criteria for ARTU

3068-472: Is intended to become a tool of choice of the university for the key stakeholders of higher education: applicants, students, representatives of the academic community, university management. The RUR Rankings publisher is an independent RUR Rankings Agency, geographically located in Moscow, Russia. RUR is aimed to provide a transparent, comprehensive analytical system for benchmarking and evaluating universities across

3186-447: Is often considered one of the most widely observed university rankings together with the Academic Ranking of World Universities and the QS World University Rankings . It is praised for having a new, improved ranking methodology since 2010, but criticism and concerns have been voiced that this methodology underestimates non-science and non-English instructing institutions and relies on a subjective reputation survey. The creation of

3304-528: Is placed at the 17th position, while the Paris Sciences et Lettres University (2010) is ranked 1st in 2022. Various academic disciplines are sorted into six categories in THE' s subject rankings: " Arts & Humanities "; " Clinical, Pre-clinical & Health "; " Engineering & Technology "; " Life Sciences "; " Physical Sciences "; and " Social Sciences ". THE 's World Reputation Rankings serve as

3422-495: Is produced by Association of Rating Makers, a non-commercial organization based in Moscow. The Three University Missions ranking evaluates the quality of education, scientific work, and the universities' contribution to society. The ranking uses 17 criteria divided into three groups: Education, Research, and University and Society. The shortlist of the Moscow International University Ranking aims to provide

3540-462: Is the most represented nation with 97 listed universities, followed by Mexico with 63 and Colombia with 61.  QS Arab Region Universities Rankings The first-ever QS Arab Region University Rankings is released in 2014. Evaluating institutions based on global recognition, research prowess, teaching resources and internationalisation (methodology ), the 2024 edition of the ranking is the largest ever, showcasing 223 institutions from 18 member countries of

3658-434: Is the sum of world rank across the 3 rankings (= THE +QS+ ARWU ) with universities excluded if they do not have a distinct rank in THE , QS, and ARWU . Since 2012, United States has the highest number of ARTU Top 200 universities, while Switzerland has the most ARTU Top 200 universities per capita. Academic Influence creates global and U.S.-centric rankings of colleges, universities, and disciplinary programs by evaluating

Times Higher Education World University Rankings - Misplaced Pages Continue

3776-546: Is up from the Times-QS rankings published between 2004 and 2009, which used six indicators. A draft of the inaugural methodology was released on 3 June 2010. The draft stated that 13 indicators would first be used and that this could rise to 16 in future rankings, and laid out the categories of indicators as "research indicators" (55 per cent), "institutional indicators" (25 per cent), "economic activity/innovation" (10 per cent), and "international diversity" (10 per cent). The names of

3894-624: The Times Higher Education World University Rankings . From 2004 to 2009 the QS rankings were published in collaboration with Times Higher Education and were known as the Times Higher Education-QS World University Rankings . In 2010 QS assumed sole publication of rankings produced with this methodology when Times Higher Education split from QS in order to create a new rankings methodology in partnership with Thomson Reuters . The QS rankings were previously published in

4012-570: The Arab League . King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals topped the table, climbing from third place in the previous edition. King Saud University came second while Qatar University placed third. The previous year's leader, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), dropped to fifth, after spending four consecutive years in the top spot. Egypt was the most represented higher education system, with 36 featured universities, followed by Saudi Arabia with 34 and Iraq with 24. The top ten universities in

4130-603: The Asia-Pacific edition featuring top 75 institutions across the region and top 25 most innovative governmental institutions in the world. Currently, the last available edition of the ranking dates back to 2019. Round University Ranking, or abbreviated RUR Rankings is a world university ranking, assessing effectiveness of 750 leading universities in the world based on 20 indicators distributed among 4 key dimension areas: teaching, research, international diversity, financial sustainability. The ranking has international coverage and

4248-501: The THE and QS rankings. The QS World University Rankings are a ranking of the world's top universities produced by Quacquarelli Symonds published annually since 2004. In 2024, they ranked 1500 universities, with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Imperial College London , University of Oxford , Harvard University and University of Cambridge taking the top 5 spots. The QS rankings should not be confused with

4366-470: The Times Higher Education announced that its 2011–2012 list will only rank the top 200 institutions. Phil Baty wrote that this was in the "interests of fairness," because "the lower down the tables you go, the more the data bunch up and the less meaningful the differentials between institutions become." However, Baty wrote that the rankings would include 200 institutions that fall immediately outside

4484-550: The Times Higher Education World University Rankings rank the world's 800 best universities, while the 2016/17 installment will rank the world's top 980. On 3 June 2010, Times Higher Education revealed the methodology which they proposed to use when compiling the new world university rankings. The new methodology included 13 separate performance indicators, an increase from the six measures employed between 2004 and 2009. After further consultation

4602-485: The United Nations M49 Standard . These criteria update led to the inclusion of five Central Asian nations - Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan - as well as Iran. For the first time in eight years, a Singaporean institution did not take the regional top spot, nor did Singapore occupy two of the top three positions. The city-state's hegemony at the top of the table was interrupted by

4720-1220: The University of Jordan in Amman, Jordan , are esteemed for their contributions to higher education and research in the Arab world. United Arab Emirates University in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates , and King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia , are also notable for their rigorous academic programs. In addition, Khalifa University in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates , and King Abdulaziz University (KAU) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia , are recognized for their commitment to innovation and knowledge dissemination. Various methods of ranking universities, including QS University Rankings, Times Higher Education World University Rankings and Academic Ranking of World Universities , underwent analysis. Arab scholars recommended creating two new methodologies for World University Ranking and Arab University Ranking. They raised concerns by accusing biases against universities in

4838-457: The University of Michigan in 2011 demonstrated that the early THES rankings were disproportionately influential in establishing the status order of world research universities. Times Higher Education World Reputation Rankings This ranking was published for the first time in March 2011. The rankings are based on a survey of (for 2016) 10,323 academics from 133 countries, who are asked to talk

Times Higher Education World University Rankings - Misplaced Pages Continue

4956-402: The life sciences and other areas with high citation counts will not have an unfair advantage over institutions with high levels of research activity in the social sciences , which tend to use fewer citations on average. The magazine announced on 5 September 2011 that its 2011–2012 World University Rankings would be published on 6 October 2011. At the same time, the magazine revealed changes to

5074-413: The z -score is given by where: Though it should always be stated, the distinction between use of the population and sample statistics often is not made. In either case, the numerator and denominator of the equations have the same units of measure so that the units cancel out through division and z is left as a dimensionless quantity . The z-score is often used in the z-test in standardized testing –

5192-624: The " BRICS " nations of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. Hong Kong institutions are not included in this ranking. University ranking In addition to ranking entire institutions, specific programs, departments, and schools can be ranked. Some rankings consider measures of wealth , excellence in research , selective admissions , and alumni success. Rankings may also consider various combinations of measures of specialization expertise, student options, award numbers, internationalization, graduate employment, industrial linkage, historical reputation and other criteria. However, there

5310-461: The "Citation per Faculty" indicator and represent 20 percent of the overall score. The results also draw on the expert opinions of over 144,000 academic faculty and over 98,000 international employers. These two indicators are worth 30 percent and 15 percent of a university's possible score respectively. The QS rankings also incorporate faculty/student ratios (10 percent of the overall score) and international staff and student numbers (5 percent each of

5428-452: The 2010–2011 draft, stated that the proposed methodology would favour more focused "science-based institutions with relatively few undergraduates" at the expense of institutions with more comprehensive programmes and undergraduates, but also stated that the indicators were "academically robust" overall and that the use of scaled measures would reward productivity rather than overall influence. Steve Smith , president of Universities UK , praised

5546-538: The 2016/17 edition, to be released on 21 September 2016, will rank "980 universities from 79 countries". The methodology of the rankings was changed during the 2011–12 rankings process, with details of the changed methodology here. Phil Baty, the rankings editor, has said that the THE World University Rankings are the only global university rankings to examine a university's teaching environment, as others focus purely on research. Baty has also written that

5664-532: The Arab region universities within existing rankings, and underscored the importance of recalibrating indicator weighting due to disregarded institutional disparities. QS Ranking by Subject The QS World University Rankings by Subject  was first published in 2011, featuring 26 disciplines. The latest edition showcases over 1,500 universities and specialist higher education institutions across 55 different subjects, grouped into 5 faculty (broad subject) areas. From 2004 to 2009 Times Higher Education ( THE ),

5782-738: The Arab world represent a diverse array of institutions spanning various countries. Among them are Qatar University in Doha, Qatar , and King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia , Sultan Qaboos University in Muscat, Oman , and the American University of Beirut (AUB) in Beirut, Lebanon are prominent fixtures in the region's educational landscape. American University of Sharjah in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates , and

5900-790: The Asian University Rankings share some core metrics with the QS World University Rankings, there are variations in the weightings. Additionally, the methodology for the Asian rankings integrates region-specific indicators. Notably, these include metrics such as the percentage of staff with PhDs and data on inbound and outbound exchange students. QS Latin American & Caribbean University Rankings The QS Latin American University & The Caribbean Rankings  were published for

6018-480: The Netherlands, use university rankings as part of points-based immigration programs, while others, such as Russia, automatically recognize degrees from higher-ranked universities. India's University Grants Commission requires foreign partners of Indian universities to be ranked in the top 500 of the THE or ARWU ranking, while Brazil's Science Without Borders program selected international partner institutions using

SECTION 50

#1732848781785

6136-513: The THE World University Rankings are the only rankings to put arts and humanities and social sciences research on an equal footing to the sciences. However, this claim is no longer true. In 2015, QS introduced faculty area normalization to their QS World University Rankings, ensuring that citations data was weighted in a way that prevented universities specializing in the Life Sciences and Engineering from receiving undue advantage. In November 2014,

6254-639: The Times Higher Education World University Rankings to be "arguably the most influential." In 2014 Times Higher Education announced a series of important changes to its flagship THE World University Rankings and its suite of global university performance analyses, following a strategic review by THE parent company TES Global. The inaugural 2010–2011 methodology contained 13 separate indicators grouped under five categories: Teaching (30 per cent of final score), research (30 per cent), citations (research impact) (worth 32.5 per cent), international mix (5 per cent), industry income (2.5 per cent). The number of indicators

6372-552: The United States by U.S. News & World Report as the "World's Best Universities". However, in 2014, U.S. News & World Report launched their own international university ranking titled "Best Global Universities". The inaugural ranking was published in October 2014. In 2023, for the 20th edition of the QS World University Rankings, released on 28 June 2023, QS following an 18 months long consultation involving representatives of

6490-465: The analog of the Student's t-test for a population whose parameters are known, rather than estimated. As it is very unusual to know the entire population, the t-test is much more widely used. The standard score can be used in the calculation of prediction intervals . A prediction interval [ L , U ], consisting of a lower endpoint designated L and an upper endpoint designated U , is an interval such that

6608-527: The borders to the widest possible audience: students, analysts, decision-makers in the field of higher education development both at individual institutional and at the national level. The SCImago Institutions Rankings (SIR) since 2009 has published its international ranking of worldwide research institutions, the SIR World Report. The SIR World Report is the work of the SCImago Research Group,

6726-403: The categories and the weighting of each was modified in the final methodology, released on 16 September 2010 The final methodology also included the weighting assigned to each of the 13 indicators, shown below (with some updates from 2022 to 2023 released methodology): The Times Higher Education billed the methodology as "robust, transparent and sophisticated", stating that the final methodology

6844-661: The combined influence of a school's faculty within and across fields of study. Using machine-learning technology developed with funding from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency , Academic Influence searches and collates open-source data from such massive publicly available data sources as Misplaced Pages , Wikidata , Crossref , Semantic Scholar , IPEDS , and BLS . Academic Influence gives weight in its rankings to citations of peer-reviewed articles, chapters, and books by influential academics worldwide. It thereby attempts to map and objectively measure

6962-458: The criteria were grouped under five broad overall indicators to produce the final ranking. THE published its first rankings using its new methodology on 16 September 2010, a month earlier than previous years. THE also kick-started THE 100 Under 50 ranking and Alma Mater Index. The Globe and Mail in 2010 described the Times Higher Education World University Rankings as "arguably the most influential". Research published by professors at

7080-437: The difference by its standard deviation σ ( X ) = Var ⁡ ( X ) : {\displaystyle \sigma (X)={\sqrt {\operatorname {Var} (X)}}:} If the random variable under consideration is the sample mean of a random sample   X 1 , … , X n {\displaystyle \ X_{1},\dots ,X_{n}} of X : then

7198-454: The disadvantage of institutions focused on other subjects like the social sciences and humanities. For instance in the former THE-QS World University Rankings , the London School of Economics (LSE) was ranked 11th in the world in 2004 and 2005, but dropped to 66th and 67th in the 2008 and 2009 edition. In January 2010, THE concluded the method employed by Quacquarelli Symonds , who conducted

SECTION 60

#1732848781785

7316-406: The distances after some form of standardization." In principal components analysis, "Variables measured on different scales or on a common scale with widely differing ranges are often standardized." Standardization of variables prior to multiple regression analysis is sometimes used as an aid to interpretation. (page 95) state the following. "The standardized regression slope is the slope in

7434-451: The final score. This category will include the proportion of international staff and students at each institution (included in the 2011–2012 ranking under the category of "international diversity"), but will also add the proportion of research papers published by each institution that are co-authored with at least one international partner. One 2011–2012 indicator, the institution's public research income, will be dropped. On 13 September 2011,

7552-498: The first time in 2011. The methodology was developed in consultation with experts from the region. Evaluating the region's institutions based on academic and employer recognition, research output, resources and internationalisation, the 2024 edition of the rankings lists 430 institutions across 25 locations.  Universidade de São Paulo tops the table, usurping Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile which comes second while Brazil's Universidade Estadual de Campinas places third. Brazil

7670-413: The following caveat: "… one must be cautious about interpreting any regression coefficients, whether standardized or not. The reason is that when the predictor variables are correlated among themselves, … the regression coefficients are affected by the other predictor variables in the model … The magnitudes of the standardized regression coefficients are affected not only by the presence of correlations among

7788-693: The following example, comparing student scores on the (old) SAT and ACT high school tests. The table shows the mean and standard deviation for total scores on the SAT and ACT. Suppose that student A scored 1800 on the SAT, and student B scored 24 on the ACT. Which student performed better relative to other test-takers? The z-score for student A is z = x − μ σ = 1800 − 1500 300 = 1 {\displaystyle z={x-\mu \over \sigma }={1800-1500 \over 300}=1} The z-score for student B

7906-509: The following year, LSE fell to 86th place, with the ranking described by a representative of Thomson Reuters as 'a fair reflection of their status as a world class university'. LSE despite being ranked continuously near the top in its national rankings, has been placed below other British universities in the Times Higher Education World Rankings in recent years, other institutions such as Sciences Po have suffered due to

8024-523: The global higher education sector, students and the QS Rankings Global Advisory Board (established in 2010), introduced its largest-ever methodological enhancement, introducing three new metrics: Sustainability, Employment Outcomes and International Research Network, each worth 5% of a university's possible score. The results draw on the analysis of 17.5m academic papers (bibliometric data provided by data from Scopus , ) which informs

8142-504: The global rankings space", given Times Higher Education and QS are both British, while the Academic Ranking of World universities is Chinese. The Webometrics Ranking of World Universities is produced by Cybermetrics Lab (CCHS), a unit of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), the main public research body in Spain. It offers information about more than 12,000 universities according to their web presence (an assessment of

8260-480: The highest research productivity. MosIUR does not consider narrow-focused higher education institutions. The latest Moscow Ranking issue featured 1800 higher education institutions globally. This university ranking is owned by the French consulting company and rating agency SMBG . It ranks masters and MBA in its 9 geographical regions (the 5 continents). The Human Resources & Labor Review (HRLR) publishes

8378-521: The impact of reputation – as they are strictly of reputation." The first year a university from China was included in the top 10 of this metric was in 2021, when Tsinghua University placed in 10th. Tsinghua has climbed places in the ranking every year since, and in the 2023 rankings placed in 8th—overtaking Yale University . From 2013 to 2015, the outcomes of the Times Higher Education Asia University Rankings were

8496-506: The indicators used in the rankings have come under scrutiny. Several scholars, for example, have highlighted biases against universities in the Arab region within existing rankings. They have advocated for the development of new methodologies that account for institutional disparities and ensure fair representation. Times Higher Education has also been criticized for its strong bias towards institutions that taught 'hard science' and had high quality output of research in these fields, often to

8614-403: The influence of a school's thought leadership through its students, faculty, staff, and alumni. Academic Influence allows users to create rankings on the fly through its dynamic schools and people tools, which can be filtered by discipline, country, and period. Tech entrepreneur and computer scientist Erik J. Larson co-founded Academic Influence. The Center for World University Rankings (CWUR)

8732-464: The inherent methodology bias still used. Trinity College Dublin 's ranking in 2015 and 2016 was lowered by a basic mistake in data it had submitted; education administrator Bahram Bekhradnia said the fact this went unnoticed evinced a "very limited checking of data" "on the part of those who carry out such rankings". Bekhradnia also opined "while Trinity College was a respected university which could be relied upon to provide honest data, unfortunately that

8850-532: The international language for most academic societies and journals, citations and publications in a language different from English are harder to come across. Thus, such a methodology is criticized for being inappropriate and not comprehensive enough. A second important disadvantage for universities of non-English tradition is that within the disciplines of social sciences and humanities the main tool for publications are books which are not or only rarely covered by digital citations records. In addition to these criticisms,

8968-497: The magazine announced further reforms to the methodology after a review by parent company TES Global. The major change being all institutional data collection would be bought in house severing the connection with Thomson Reuters . In addition, research publication data would now be sourced from Elsevier 's Scopus database. The reception to the methodology was varied. Ross Williams of the Melbourne Institute , commenting on

9086-515: The magazine signed an agreement with Elsevier to provide it with the data used in compiling its annual rankings. The publication includes global rankings of universities, including by subject and reputation. It also has begun publishing three regional tables for universities in Asia , Latin America , and BRICS and emerging economies, which are ranked with separate criteria and weightings. The THE Rankings

9204-399: The new methodology as being "less heavily weighted towards subjective assessments of reputation and uses more robust citation measures," which "bolsters confidence in the evaluation method." David Willetts , British Minister of State for Universities and Science praised the rankings, noting that "reputation counts for less this time, and the weight accorded to quality in teaching and learning

9322-509: The number of articles published by Nature or Science and the number of Nobel Prize winners and Fields Medalists (mathematics). Harvard and Stanford have topped the ranking for years. One of the primary criticisms of ARWU 's methodology is that it is biased towards the natural sciences and English language science journals over other subjects. Moreover, the ARWU is known for "relying solely on research indicators", and "the ranking

9440-690: The number of highly cited papers. U.S. News also publishes region-specific and subject-specific global rankings based on this methodology. The annual U.S. News Best Global Universities rankings were produced to provide insight into how universities compare globally. As an increasing number of students are planning to enroll in universities outside of their own country, the Best Global Universities rankings – which focus specifically on schools' academic research and reputation overall and not on their separate undergraduate or graduate programs – can help those students accurately compare institutions around

9558-522: The number of publications, citations-per-publication, and field-averaged impact per publication. The Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities was produced until 2012 by the Higher Education Evaluation and Accreditation Council of Taiwan (HEEACT). The indicators were designed to measure both long-term and short-term research performance of research universities. This project employed bibliometrics to analyze and rank

9676-509: The number of students and faculty members obtained from Center of Measuring, Selection and Placement ÖSYM . U.S. News & World Report 's inaugural Best Global Universities ranking was launched on 28 October 2014, and it was based on data and metrics provided by Thomson Reuters , and are thus methodologically different from the criteria traditionally used by U.S. News to rank American institutions. Universities are judged on factors such as global research reputation, publications, and

9794-492: The official top 200 according to its data and methodology, but this "best of the rest" list from 201 to 400 would be unranked and listed alphabetically. Baty wrote that the magazine intentionally only ranks around 1 per cent of the world's universities in a recognition that "not every university should aspire to be one of the global research elite." However, the 2015/16 edition of the Times Higher Education World University Rankings ranks 800 universities, while Phil Baty announced that

9912-476: The original Times Higher Education–QS World University Rankings has been to John O'Leary , a former editor of High Times . Times Higher Education chose to partner with educational and careers advice company QS to supply the data. After the 2009 rankings, Times Higher Education took the decision to break from QS and signed an agreement with Thomson Reuters to provide the data for its annual World University Rankings from 2010 onwards. The publication developed

10030-489: The overall score). The detailed methodology is available online. QS Asian University Rankings The QS World University Rankings expanded its portfolio in 2009 to incorporate the Asian University Rankings. This expansion was executed in collaboration with The Chosun Ilbo newspaper, based in South Korea . By 2023, the rankings had grown to feature 760 universities. The eligibility criteria for these rankings were anchored in

10148-486: The overall score, came from 12,000 academic journals indexed by Thomson Reuters' Web of Science database over the five years from 2004 to 2008. The Times stated that articles published in 2009–2010 have not yet completely accumulated in the database. The normalization of the data differed from the previous rankings system and is intended to "reflect variations in citation volume between different subject areas," so that institutions with high levels of research activity in

10266-665: The performance of the 500 top universities and the top 300 universities in six fields. HEEACT further provides subject rankings in science and technology fields. It also ranked the top 300 universities across ten science and technology fields. The ranking included eight indicators. They were: articles published over the prior 11 years; citations of those articles, "current" articles, current citations, average citations, "H-index", number of "highly cited papers" and high impact journal articles. They represented three criteria of scientific papers performance: research productivity, research impact, and research excellence. The 2007 ranking methodology

10384-533: The predictor variables but also by the spacings of the observations on each of these variables. Sometimes these spacings may be quite arbitrary. Hence, it is ordinarily not wise to interpret the magnitudes of standardized regression coefficients as reflecting the comparative importance of the predictor variables." In mathematical statistics , a random variable X is standardized by subtracting its expected value E ⁡ [ X ] {\displaystyle \operatorname {E} [X]} and dividing

10502-458: The ranking formula that will be introduced with the new rankings. The methodology will continue to use 13 indicators across five broad categories and will keep its "fundamental foundations," but with some changes. Teaching and research will each remain 30 per cent of the overall score, and industry income will remain at 2.5 per cent. However, a new "international outlook – staff, students and research" will be introduced and will make up 7.5 per cent of

10620-744: The ranking is based on the number of research articles in top-tier journals with data obtained from Clarivate Analytics . In the United States, the CWUR evaluates and ranks over 1,300 universities and 2,000 worldwide. The Centre for Science and Technology Studies at Leiden University maintains a European and worldwide ranking of the top 500 universities according including the number and impact of Web of Science-indexed publications per year. The rankings compare research institutions by taking into account differences in language, discipline and institutional size. Multiple ranking lists are released according to various bibliometric normalization and impact indicators, including

10738-413: The rankings (34.5 per cent of the overall score – 15 per cent for teaching and 19.5 per cent for research) came from an Academic Reputation Survey conducted by Thomson Reuters in spring 2010. The survey gathered 13,388 responses among scholars who, according to THE, were "statistically representative of global higher education's geographical and subject mix." However, the response rate of the survey in 2022

10856-443: The rankings citing concerns over transparency. Additionally, Times Higher Education provides a THE Universities Under 50 list (formerly only 150 Under 50 Universities ) with different weightings of indicators to accredit the growth of higher education institutions that are under 50 years old. In particular, the ranking attaches less weight to reputation indicators: for instance, the University of Canberra , established in 1990,

10974-403: The regression equation if X and Y are standardized … Standardization of X and Y is done by subtracting the respective means from each set of observations and dividing by the respective standard deviations … In multiple regression, where several X variables are used, the standardized regression coefficients quantify the relative contribution of each X variable." However, Kutner et al. (p 278) give

11092-482: The reliability of simply asking a rather unrandom group of educators and others involved with the academic enterprise for their opinions"; "methodologically [international surveys of reputation] are flawed, effectively they only measure research performance and they skew the results in favor of a small number of institutions." However, despite the criticism, much attention is paid to global rankings, particularly ARWU , QS, and THE . Some countries, including Denmark and

11210-462: The research performance of universities rather than their teaching. They have been criticized for being "largely based on what can be measured rather than what is necessarily relevant and important to the university", and the validity of the data available globally has been questioned. As of 2021, across the three most popular global rankings, "the majority of the top-ten globally ranked institutions are located in southern England , California ,

11328-538: The rise of China's premier institutions, particularly Peking University , the new regional leader, breaking the National University of Singapore ’s four-year run as Asia's number one university. NUS fell to second place while China's Tsinghua University came third. Nanyang Technological University dropped to fifth place. China (Mainland) was the region's most represented location, with 128 listed universities, followed by India with 118 and Japan with 106.  Although

11446-585: The same as the Asian universities' position on its World University Rankings. In 2016, the Asia University Rankings was revamped and it "use the same 13 performance indicators as the THE World University Rankings, but have been recalibrated to reflect the attributes of Asia's institutions." The Times Higher Education Emerging Economies Rankings (Formerly known as BRICS & Emerging Economies Rankings) only includes universities in countries classified as "emerging economies" by FTSE Group , including

11564-541: The same period in the Derwent World Patents Index and the Derwent Innovations Index. The remaining 70 institutions were mostly universities and were ranked using criteria such as frequency of patent applications granted, the number of filed patents, frequency of those patents being cited, as well as how many of their papers were cited by patents or co-authored by an industry author. The ranking has

11682-421: The scholarly contents, visibility, and impact of universities on the web). The ranking is updated every January and July. The Webometrics Ranking or Ranking Web is built from a database of over 30,000 higher education institutions. The top 12,000 universities are shown in the main ranking and more are covered in regional lists. The ranking started in 2004 and is based on a composite indicator that includes both

11800-431: The sizes of institutions, so a large institution is ranked considerably higher than a small institution with the same quality of research. Other compilers, such as Scimago and U.S. News & World Report , use a mix of size-dependent and size-independent metrics. Some compilers, notably QS, THE , and U.S. News , use reputational surveys. The validity of these has been criticized: "Most experts are highly critical of

11918-418: The survey on their behalf, was flawed in such a way that bias was introduced against certain institutions, including LSE. A representative of Thomson Reuters , THE's new partner, commented on the controversy: " LSE stood at only 67th in the last Times Higher Education-QS World University Rankings – some mistake surely? Yes, and quite a big one ." Nonetheless, after the change of data provider to Thomson Reuters

12036-420: The top 200, while small and medium-size biomedical institutions and German, French, Italian, and Japanese universities were less common in the top ranks. Possible reasons include publishing via independent research councils (CNRS, Max Planck, CNR) or the large amount of non-English Web content, which is less likely to be linked. The Three University Missions Moscow International University Ranking (shortly MosIUR)

12154-489: The top 750 institutions spread out across 57 countries – up from the top 500 universities in 49 countries ranked last year. The first step in producing these rankings, which are powered by Thomson Reuters InCitesTM research analytics solutions, involved creating a pool of 1,000 universities that was used to rank the top 750 schools. In comparison with U.S. News Best Colleges Ranking, the Global University Ranking

12272-573: The top universities in their field for teaching and for research. The Academic Ranking of World Universities ( ARWU ) compiled originally by the Shanghai Jiao Tong University and now maintained by the ShanghaiRanking Consultancy, has provided annual global rankings of universities since 2003, making it the earliest of its kind. ARWU does not rely on surveys and school submissions. Among other criteria, ARWU includes

12390-517: The tri-state area ( New York , New Jersey , Connecticut ), and nearby Massachusetts ." While some rankings attempt to measure teaching using metrics such as staff to student ratio, the Higher Education Policy Institute has pointed out that the metrics used are more closely related to research than teaching quality, e.g. "Staff to student ratios are an almost direct measure of research activity", and "The proportion of PhD students

12508-408: The true mean and standard deviation of a population is often an unrealistic expectation, except in cases such as standardized testing , where the entire population is measured. When the population mean and the population standard deviation are unknown, the standard score may be estimated by using the sample mean and sample standard deviation as estimates of the population values. In these cases,

12626-461: The university on the submission of data, however, it also led to the criticism amongst faculty members of the ease with which THE's ranking system could be abused. The matter was discussed in Japan's National Diet on April 21, 2021. Seven Indian Institutes of Technology (Mumbai, Delhi, Kanpur, Guwahati, Madras, Roorkee and Kharagpur) have boycotted THE rankings from 2020. These IITs have not participated in

12744-441: The value of a raw score (i.e., an observed value or data point) is above or below the mean value of what is being observed or measured. Raw scores above the mean have positive standard scores, while those below the mean have negative standard scores. It is calculated by subtracting the population mean from an individual raw score and then dividing the difference by the population standard deviation. This process of converting

12862-520: The volume of the Web content and the visibility and impact of web publications according to the number of external links they received. A wide range of scientific activities appears exclusively on academic websites and is typically overlooked by bibliometric indicators. Webometric indicators measure institutional commitment to Web publication. Webometric results show a high correlation with other rankings. However, North American universities are relatively common in

12980-498: The widest possible representation of the leading multi-profile universities all over the world, the quota being assigned to each country with regard to that country's contribution to the global economy. MosIUR shortlists those universities that achieved leading positions in other global university rankings and/or national academic rankings listed in IREG Inventory of National Rankings, and, in some cases, also those universities showing

13098-566: The world's top universities that my magazine has been publishing for the past six years, and which have attracted enormous global attention, are not good enough. In fact, the surveys of reputation, which made up 40 percent of scores and which Times Higher Education until recently defended, had serious weaknesses. And it's clear that our research measures favored the sciences over the humanities." He went on to describe previous attempts at peer review as "embarrassing" in The Australian : "The sample

13216-451: The world. The Best Global Universities rankings also provide insight into how U.S. universities – which U.S. News has been ranking separately for more than 30 years – stand globally. All universities can now benchmark themselves against schools in their own country and region, become more visible on the world stage and find top schools in other countries to consider collaborating with. The overall Best Global Universities rankings encompass

13334-464: Was a mere 1.8%. The magazine's category for "industry income – innovation" came from a sole indicator, institution's research income from industry scaled against the number of academic staff." The magazine stated that it used this data as "proxy for high-quality knowledge transfer" and planned to add more indicators for the category in future years. Data for citation impact (measured as a normalized average citation per paper), comprising 32.5 per cent of

13452-675: Was alleged to have favored universities with medical schools, and in response, HEEACT added assessment criteria. The six field-based rankings are based on the subject categorization of WOS, including Agriculture & Environment Sciences (AGE), Clinical Medicine (MED), Engineering, Computing & Technology (ENG), Life Sciences (LIFE), Natural Sciences (SCI) and Social Sciences (SOC). The ten subjects include Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Geosciences, Electrical Engineering, Computer Science, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering (including Energy & Fuels), Materials Sciences, and Civil Engineering (including Environmental Engineering). The ranking

13570-596: Was not the case with all universities worldwide." In general it is not clear who the rankings are made for. Many students, especially the undergraduate students, are not interested in the scientific work of a facility of higher education. Also the price of the education has no effects on the ranking. That means that private universities on the North American continent are compared to the European universities. Many European countries like France, Sweden or Germany for example have

13688-492: Was produced by National Taiwan University since 2012 and also known as NTU Ranking. The ranking uses a methodology with 10 metrics. The process cross-references the 500 academic and government organizations with the greatest number of published articles in scholarly journals as indexed in the Thomson Reuters Web of Science Core Collection database against how many patents and patent equivalents each organization filed in

13806-419: Was selected after considering 10 months of "detailed consultation with leading experts in global higher education", 250 pages of feedback from "50 senior figures across every continent" and 300 postings on its website. The overall ranking score was calculated by making Z-scores all datasets to standardize different data types on a common scale to better make comparisons among data. The reputational component of

13924-484: Was simply too small, and the weighting too high, to be taken seriously." THE published its first rankings using its new methodology on 16 September 2010, a month earlier than previous years. In 2010, Times Higher Education World University Rankings , along with the QS World University Rankings and the Academic Ranking of World Universities , were described to be the three most influential international university rankings. The Globe and Mail in that year also described

#784215