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18-616: TBI may refer to: Medicine [ edit ] Total body irradiation , radiation therapy Tracheobronchial injury (damage to the airways) Traumatic brain injury Triamcinolone benetonide , a glucocorticoid Other [ edit ] Tony Blair Institute for Global Change Temple Beth Israel (disambiguation) TBI plc , an airport owner and operator Tennessee Bureau of Investigation Trade Bank of Iraq , Baghdad TBI Bank , Sofia, Bulgaria Throttle body injection , in internal combustion engines TBI Solicitors , UK,

36-605: A flawed model of care lacking holistic circumspection —merely treating discrete problems (in billable increments) rather than maintaining health. Therapy and treatment , in the middle of the semantic field, can connote either the holism of care or the discreteness of intervention , with context conveying the intent in each use. Accordingly, they can be used in both noncount and count senses (for example, therapy for chronic kidney disease can involve several dialysis treatments per week ). The words aceology and iamatology are obscure and obsolete synonyms referring to

54-421: A law firm Task-based instruction or task-based language learning See also [ edit ] All pages with titles beginning with TBI All pages with titles containing TBI Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title TBI . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to

72-459: A single, large dose. The time interval between fractions allows other normal tissues some time to repair some of the damage caused. However, the dosing is still high enough that the ultimate result is the destruction of both the patient's bone marrow (allowing donor marrow to engraft) and any residual cancer cells. Non-myeloablative bone marrow transplantation uses lower doses of total body irradiation, typically about 2 Gy, which do not destroy

90-403: Is fatal in 50% of exposed individuals without aggressive medical care. The 10-12 Gy is typically delivered across multiple fractions to minimise toxicities to the patient. Early research in bone marrow transplantation by E. Donnall Thomas and colleagues demonstrated that this process of splitting TBI into multiple smaller doses resulted in lower toxicity and better outcomes than delivering

108-479: Is a specific type of prioritization by lines of therapy. It is controversial in American health care because unlike conventional decision-making about what constitutes first-line, second-line, and third-line therapy, which in the U.S. reflects safety and efficacy first and cost only according to the patient's wishes, step therapy attempts to mix cost containment by someone other than the patient (third-party payers) into

126-401: Is also called polychemotherapy, whereas chemotherapy with one agent at a time is called single-agent therapy or monotherapy. Adjuvant therapy is therapy given in addition to the primary, main, or initial treatment, but simultaneously (as opposed to second-line therapy). Neoadjuvant therapy is therapy that is begun before the main therapy. Thus one can consider surgical excision of a tumor as

144-447: Is the attempted remediation of a health problem, usually following a medical diagnosis . Both words, treatment and therapy , are often abbreviated tx , Tx , or T x . As a rule, each therapy has indications and contraindications . There are many different types of therapy. Not all therapies are effective . Many therapies can produce unwanted adverse effects . Treatment and therapy are often synonymous, especially in

162-460: Is the first therapy that will be tried. Its priority over other options is usually either: (1) formally recommended on the basis of clinical trial evidence for its best-available combination of efficacy, safety, and tolerability or (2) chosen based on the clinical experience of the physician. If a first-line therapy either fails to resolve the issue or produces intolerable side effects , additional (second-line) therapies may be substituted or added to

180-594: The first-line therapy for a certain type and stage of cancer even though radiotherapy is used before it; the radiotherapy is neoadjuvant (chronologically first but not primary in the sense of the main event). Premedication is conceptually not far from this, but the words are not interchangeable; cytotoxic drugs to put a tumor "on the ropes" before surgery delivers the "knockout punch" are called neoadjuvant chemotherapy, not premedication, whereas things like anesthetics or prophylactic antibiotics before dental surgery are called premedication. Step therapy or stepladder therapy

198-406: The host bone marrow but do suppress the host immune system sufficiently to promote donor engraftment. In addition to its use in bone marrow transplantation, total body irradiation has been explored as a treatment modality for high-risk Ewing sarcoma . However, subsequent findings suggest that TBI in this setting causes toxicity without improving disease control, and TBI is not currently used in

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216-526: The intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=TBI&oldid=1220783570 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Total body irradiation Doses of total body irradiation used in bone marrow transplantation typically range from 10 to >12  Gy . For reference, an unfractionated (i.e. single exposure) dose of 4.5 Gy

234-418: The provider of such care is soon finished). In contrast, the word intervention tends to be specific and concrete, and thus the word is often countable ; for example, one instance of cardiac catheterization is one intervention performed, and coronary care (noncount) can require a series of interventions (count). At the extreme, the piling on of such countable interventions amounts to interventionism ,

252-689: The study of therapies. The English word therapy comes via Latin therapīa from Ancient Greek : θεραπεία and literally means "curing" or "healing". The term therapeusis is a somewhat archaic doublet of the word therapy . Levels of care classify health care into categories of chronology, priority, or intensity, as follows: Treatment decisions often follow formal or informal algorithmic guidelines. Treatment options can often be ranked or prioritized into lines of therapy : first-line therapy , second-line therapy , third-line therapy , and so on. First-line therapy (sometimes referred to as induction therapy , primary therapy , or front-line therapy )

270-577: The treatment of Ewing sarcoma outside of clinical trials . Total body irradiation results in infertility in most cases, with recovery of gonadal function occurring in 10−14% of females. The number of pregnancies observed after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation involving such a procedure is lower than 2%. Fertility preservation measures mainly include cryopreservation of ovarian tissue , embryos or oocytes . Gonadal function has been reported to recover in less than 20% of males after TBI. Treatment modality A therapy or medical treatment

288-534: The treatment regimen, followed by third-line therapies, and so on. An example of a context in which the formalization of treatment algorithms and the ranking of lines of therapy is very extensive is chemotherapy regimens . Because of the great difficulty in successfully treating some forms of cancer, one line after another may be tried. In oncology the count of therapy lines may reach 10 or even 20. Often multiple therapies may be tried simultaneously ( combination therapy or polytherapy). Thus combination chemotherapy

306-530: The usage of health professionals . However, in the context of mental health , the term therapy may refer specifically to psychotherapy . The words care , therapy , treatment , and intervention overlap in a semantic field , and thus they can be synonymous depending on context . Moving rightward through that order, the connotative level of holism decreases and the level of specificity (to concrete instances) increases. Thus, in health-care contexts (where its senses are always noncount ),

324-404: The word care tends to imply a broad idea of everything done to protect or improve someone's health (for example, as in the terms preventive care and primary care , which connote ongoing action), although it sometimes implies a narrower idea (for example, in the simplest cases of wound care or postanesthesia care , a few particular steps are sufficient, and the patient's interaction with

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