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Pablo Tac (c. 1822–1841) was a Luiseño ( Quechnajuichom also spelled "Qéchngawichum") Indian and indigenous scholar who provided a rare contemporary Native American perspective on the institutions and early history of Alta California . He created the first writing system for Luiseño, and his work is the "only primary source of Luiseño language written by a Luiseño until the twentieth century."

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38-519: TAC , or tac , may refer to: People [ edit ] Pablo Tac , US scholar Pham Cong Tac , a leader of the Cao Dai religion Places [ edit ] Tác , a village in Fejér County, Hungary Organisations [ edit ] TAC (building automation) , a Swedish building automation company Tactical Air Command , a former command of

76-477: A Luiseño grammar and dictionary for the linguist Giuseppe Mezzofanti , and notably included a history as part of his manuscript. He created a way of writing Luiseño that drew on Latin and Spanish. It is unlike the modern way of writing Luiseño. Tac also wrote an essay on the "Conversion of the San Luiseños of Alta California." The latter includes information on aboriginal lifeways (including dances and games) and

114-467: A codon for the amino acid Tyrosine TAC, a mixture of tetracaine , adrenaline and cocaine, a liquid sometimes given as a soothing gel to children TaC, chemical formula for Tantalum carbide tac , a Linux command that concatenates lines in reverse, named by analogy with cat TAC (software) , an instant messaging and chat client program TAC-2 , game controller compatible with Atari 2600 video game systems Terminal Access Controller ,

152-715: A college with multiple campuses in the US Treatment Action Campaign , a South African AIDS organisation Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia Traditional Anglican Communion Transatlantic Council , Boy Scouts of America Transport [ edit ] TAC Colombia , a charter airline based in Bogotá, Colombia TAC, the IATA code for Daniel Z. Romualdez Airport on Leyte island, Philippines TAC,

190-413: A host computer that accepts terminal connections Thermally Advantaged Chassis , an Intel computer specification Three-address code , a representation of intermediate code used by compilers Time-activity curve , tracer concentration within a region of interest within dynamic image plotted over time Triacetyl cellulose , a polymer used in display applications Trigeminal autonomic cephalgia ,

228-638: A personal performance in Venice, Renewal . It was sponsored by the National Museum of the American Indian . On June 7, 2012, a hall at Mission San Luis Rey was named in honor of Pablo Tac. In July 2019, author Christian Clifford presented the workshop "Pablo Tac: Indian from the far shores of California" in Ohio at the 80th annual Tekakwitha Conference, a Catholic Native American organization. On June 8, 2021,

266-541: A pistol calibre carbine/submachine gun McMillan TAC-50 , an American sniper rifle Tactical Air Command , a former major command of the United States Air Force TAC 30, the official name of a SWAT unit belonging to the King County Sheriff's Office Science and technology [ edit ] Motorola TAC , brand used by Motorola for their early mobile phones (Total Area Coverage) TAC,

304-671: A ship for Europe. They travelled via New York and France, arriving in Barcelona, Spain, on June 21. The 'New' World was coming to meet the 'Old' World." Tac arrived in Rome in September 1834 and was enrolled in the College of the Propaganda , studying Latin grammar . He went on to study rhetoric , humanities , and philosophy in preparation for missionary work, but he died in 1841. As a student, Tac wrote

342-462: A sickness that came to California 2,000 souls died, and 3,000 were left ."  Tac went on to describe the preferential treatment the padres received: In the mission of San Luis Rey de Francia the Fernandino [ sic ] father is like a king. He has his pages, alcaldes, majordomos, musicians, soldiers, gardens, ranchos, livestock... ."  Tac also noted that his people initially attempted to bar

380-515: A type of headache that occurs on one side of the head Type Allocation Code , part of a mobile device's IMEI identifying maker and model Media [ edit ] Group TAC , a Japanese anime and computer graphics studio The Accessible Channel , a Canadian digital television channel The American Conservative , a paleoconservative magazine published by the American Ideas Institute Other [ edit ] tac,

418-617: A urinary metabolite of tyrosine in rats. Three structural isomers of L-tyrosine are known. In addition to the common amino acid L-tyrosine, which is the para isomer ( para -tyr, p -tyr or 4-hydroxyphenylalanine), there are two additional regioisomers, namely meta -tyrosine (also known as 3-hydroxyphenylalanine , L- m -tyrosine , and m -tyr) and ortho -tyrosine ( o -tyr or 2-hydroxyphenylalanine), that occur in nature. The m -tyr and o -tyr isomers, which are rare, arise through non-enzymatic free-radical hydroxylation of phenylalanine under conditions of oxidative stress . Tyrosine

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456-408: Is transaminated using glutamate as the nitrogen source to give tyrosine and α-ketoglutarate . Mammals synthesize tyrosine from the essential amino acid phenylalanine (Phe), which is derived from food. The conversion of Phe to Tyr is catalyzed by the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase , a monooxygenase. This enzyme catalyzes the reaction causing the addition of a hydroxyl group to the end of

494-535: Is a precursor to neurotransmitters and increases plasma neurotransmitter levels (particularly dopamine and norepinephrine), but has little if any effect on mood in normal subjects. A 2015 systematic review found that "tyrosine loading acutely counteracts decrements in working memory and information processing that are induced by demanding situational conditions such as extreme weather or cognitive load " and therefore "tyrosine may benefit healthy individuals exposed to demanding situational conditions". L-tyrosine

532-667: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Pablo Tac Tac was born of Luiseño parents at Mission San Luis Rey de Francia and attended the Mission school. A promising student, he (along with another boy) was singled out by the Franciscan missionary, Father Antonio Peyrí , to accompany Peyrí when he left California in 1832. "On January 15, 1834, Father Peyrí, Pablo, and Agapito left San Fernando College [Mexico City] and in February boarded

570-409: Is one of the post-translational modifications . Phosphorylated tyrosine occurs in proteins that are part of signal transduction processes. Similar functionality is also presented in serine and threonine , whose side chains have a hydroxy group, but are alcohols . Phosphorylation of these three amino acids' moieties (including tyrosine) creates a negative charge on their ends, that is greater than

608-414: Is the rate-limiting enzyme involved in the synthesis of the neurotransmitter dopamine . Dopamine can then be converted into other catecholamines , such as norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline). The thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T 3 ) and thyroxine (T 4 ) in the colloid of the thyroid are also derived from tyrosine. The latex of Papaver somniferum ,

646-406: Is used in pharmaceuticals , dietary supplements , and food additives . Two methods were formerly used to manufacture L-tyrosine. The first involves the extraction of the desired amino acid from protein hydrolysates using a chemical approach. The second utilizes enzymatic synthesis from phenolics, pyruvate, and ammonia through the use of tyrosine phenol-lyase . Advances in genetic engineering and

684-513: The 6-carbon aromatic ring of phenylalanine , such that it becomes tyrosine. Some of the tyrosine residues can be tagged (at the hydroxyl group) with a phosphate group ( phosphorylated ) by protein kinases . In its phosphorylated form, tyrosine is called phosphotyrosine . Tyrosine phosphorylation is considered to be one of the key steps in signal transduction and regulation of enzymatic activity. Phosphotyrosine can be detected through specific antibodies . Tyrosine residues may also be modified by

722-950: The ISO 639-3 code for the Tarahumara language spoken in the state of Chihuahua, Mexico Terrible-Monster Attacking Crew, a fictional pilot squadron in Ultraman Ace The Arts Centre or TAC, former name of Home of the Arts, Gold Coast Total allowable catch , in commercial fishing under the European Union's Common Fisheries Policy Traffic Acquisition Costs, the costs an online service provider has to get routed traffic from other websites to their service See also [ edit ] All pages with titles containing TAC All pages with titles beginning with TAC All pages with titles beginning with Tac Topics referred to by

760-658: The National Rail code for Tackley railway station in the county of Oxfordshire, UK TAC - Transportes Aéreos Catarinense , a former Brazilian airline Tecnologia Automotiva Catarinense (TAC) a Brazilian automotive company Terminal area chart , an aeronautical chart of the area surrounding a major airport Thai Airways Company , a former Thai airline Trans Air Congo , a Congolese airline Transport Accident Commission , an insurer in Victoria, Australia Military and law enforcement [ edit ] Demro TAC-1 ,

798-634: The Oceanside Unified School District Board of Education announced that it will consider renaming San Luis Rey and Garrison Elementary Schools (combined during the 2019/2020 school year) one of the SLR Renaming Citizens Advisory Committee top three name recommendations of Dolores Huerta, Pablo Tac, or John Lewis Elementary School. After brief presentations on the three proposed names, the OUSDBOE voted 5-0 to rename

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836-526: The Spaniards from their southern California homelands. When the foreign invaders approached, " ...the chief stood up...and met them ," demanding, " ...what are you looking for? Leave our country! " For the 2005 Venice Biennale , Luiseño artist James Luna created an artwork dedicated to the memory of Pablo Tac. The piece, titled Emendatio , included three installations, Spinning Woman , Apparitions: Past and Present , and The Chapel for Pablo Tac , as well as

874-814: The US Air Force Technical Advisory Council , a committee advising the US FCC Technical Assistance Center , a company's internal support group for external customers The Aleut Corporation , Alaska, United States, a Native Regional Corporation The Analysis Corporation , a private intelligence firm The Ant Commandos , a company which produces video game console peripherals The Asatru Community , an inclusive Norse Pagan/Heathen sect; see Kindred (Heathenism) The Athletics Congress , US sports governing body, became USATF in 1992 The Architects Collaborative , Cambridge, Massachusetts, US Thomas Aquinas College ,

912-420: The activity of the target protein, or may form part of a signaling cascade via SH2 domain binding. A tyrosine residue also plays an important role in photosynthesis . In chloroplasts ( photosystem II ), it acts as an electron donor in the reduction of oxidized chlorophyll . In this process, it loses the hydrogen atom of its phenolic OH-group. This radical is subsequently reduced in the photosystem II by

950-411: The addition of a sulfate group, a process known as tyrosine sulfation . Tyrosine sulfation is catalyzed by tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase (TPST). Like the phosphotyrosine antibodies mentioned above, antibodies have recently been described that specifically detect sulfotyrosine. In dopaminergic cells in the brain , tyrosine is converted to L-DOPA by the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). TH

988-400: The addition of a water molecule. Thereby fumarate (also a metabolite of the citric acid cycle) and acetoacetate (3-ketobutyroate) are liberated. Acetoacetate is a ketone body , which is activated with succinyl-CoA, and thereafter it can be converted into acetyl-CoA , which in turn can be oxidized by the citric acid cycle or be used for fatty acid synthesis . Phloretic acid is also

1026-496: The combined schools after Pablo Tac. Tyrosine L -Tyrosine or tyrosine (symbol Tyr or Y ) or 4-hydroxyphenylalanine is one of the 20 standard amino acids that are used by cells to synthesize proteins . It is a conditionally essential amino acid with a polar side group . The word "tyrosine" is from the Greek tyrós , meaning cheese , as it was first discovered in 1846 by German chemist Justus von Liebig in

1064-611: The four core manganese clusters . The Dietary Reference Intake for tyrosine is usually estimated together with phenylalanine . It varies depending on an estimate method, however the ideal proportion of these two amino acids is considered to be 60:40 (phenylalanine:tyrosine) as a human body has such composition. Tyrosine, which can also be synthesized in the body from phenylalanine, is found in many high- protein food products such as meat , fish , cheese , cottage cheese , milk , yogurt , peanuts , almonds , pumpkin seeds , sesame seeds , soy protein and lima beans . For example,

1102-506: The history and organization of the Mission, along with two drawings by Tac. Tac authored an early account of life at Mission San Luis Rey entitled Indian Life and Customs at Mission San Luis Rey: A Record of California Mission Life by Pablo Tac, An Indian Neophyte (written circa 1835, edited and translated by Minna Hewes and Gordon Hewes in 1958). In the book, Tac lamented the rapid decline of his people: In Quechla not long ago there were 5,000 souls, with all their neighboring lands. Through

1140-405: The hydroxyl group and side chain on the phenyl ring are across from each other (see the illustration below). The next oxidation step catalyzes by p -hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase and splitting off CO 2 homogentisate (2,5-dihydroxyphenyl-1-acetate). In order to split the aromatic ring of homogentisate, a further dioxygenase, homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase is required. Thereby, through

1178-409: The incorporation of a further O 2 molecule, maleylacetoacetate is created. Fumarylacetoacetate is created by maleylacetoacetate cis - trans -isomerase through rotation of the carboxyl group created from the hydroxyl group via oxidation. This cis-trans -isomerase contains glutathione as a coenzyme . Fumarylacetoacetate is finally split by the enzyme fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase through

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1216-408: The negative charge of the only negatively charged aspartic and glutamic acids. Phosphorylated proteins keep these same properties—which are useful for more reliable protein-protein interactions—by means of phosphotyrosine, phosphoserine and phosphothreonine. Binding sites for a signalling phosphoprotein may be diverse in their chemical structure. Phosphorylation of the hydroxyl group can change

1254-412: The opium poppy, has been shown to convert tyrosine into the alkaloid morphine and the bio-synthetic pathway has been established from tyrosine to morphine by using Carbon-14 radio-labelled tyrosine to trace the in-vivo synthetic route. Tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL) is an enzyme in the natural phenols biosynthesis pathway. It transforms L-tyrosine into p-coumaric acid . Tyrosine is also the precursor to

1292-420: The pigment melanin . Tyrosine (or its precursor phenylalanine) is needed to synthesize the benzoquinone structure which forms part of coenzyme Q10 . The decomposition of L-tyrosine (syn. para -hydroxyphenylalanine) begins with an α-ketoglutarate dependent transamination through the tyrosine transaminase to para -hydroxyphenylpyruvate . The positional description para , abbreviated p , mean that

1330-418: The protein casein from cheese. It is called tyrosyl when referred to as a functional group or side chain. While tyrosine is generally classified as a hydrophobic amino acid, it is more hydrophilic than phenylalanine . It is encoded by the codons UAC and UAU in messenger RNA . The one-letter symbol Y was assigned to tyrosine for being alphabetically nearest of those letters available. Note that T

1368-403: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title TAC . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=TAC&oldid=1244455469 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

1406-420: The white of an egg has about 250 mg per egg, while beef, lamb, pork, tuna, salmon, chicken, and turkey contain about 500–1000 mg per 3 ounces (85 g) portion. In plants and most microorganisms, tyrosine is produced via prephenate , an intermediate on the shikimate pathway . Prephenate is oxidatively decarboxylated with retention of the hydroxyl group to give p -hydroxyphenylpyruvate, which

1444-532: Was assigned to the structurally simpler threonine, U was avoided for its similarity with V for valine, W was assigned to tryptophan, while X was reserved for undetermined or atypical amino acids. The mnemonic t Y rosine was also proposed. Aside from being a proteinogenic amino acid , tyrosine has a special role by virtue of the phenol functionality. Its hydroxy group is able to form the ester linkage , with phosphate in particular. Phosphate groups are transferred to tyrosine residues by way of protein kinases . This

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