Sölvesborg is a locality and the seat of Sölvesborg Municipality in Blekinge County , Sweden with 10,024 inhabitants in 2013.
51-505: Sölvesborg is, despite its small population, for historical reasons normally still referred to as a city . Statistics Sweden , however, only counts localities with more than 10,000 inhabitants as cities. As the water from the Baltic Ice Lake withdrew, the land around present-day Sölvesborg became accessible to settlers from what today is Denmark . The first people to settle were farmers ; remains of their presence have been found in
102-440: A locality with more than 10,000 inhabitants of which there are currently 127. Largest urban areas in 1850: Largest urban areas in 1900: Faience Faience or faïence ( / f aɪ ˈ ɑː n s , f eɪ ˈ -, - ˈ ɒ̃ s / ; French: [fajɑ̃s] ) is the general English language term for fine tin-glazed pottery . The invention of a white pottery glaze suitable for painted decoration, by
153-637: A further complexity to the list of meanings of the word. The Moors brought the technique of tin-glazed earthenware to Al-Andalus , where the art of lustreware with metallic glazes was perfected. From at least the 14th century, Málaga in Andalusia and later Valencia exported these " Hispano-Moresque wares ", either directly or via the Balearic Islands to Italy and the rest of Europe. Later these industries continued under Christian lords. " Majolica " and " maiolica " are garbled versions of "Maiorica",
204-612: A powerful medium-wave radio transmission facility at Sölvesborg . Broadcasting international programming to a large area of Europe, its twin antenna towers , located some 10 kilometres (6 miles) from the town of Sölvesborg itself, are notable local landmarks. During the summer period, a visit to one of the many beaches is well worth. Notable beaches are Sandviken , Tredenborg and Hällevik . The following sports clubs are located in Sölvesborg: Stad (Sweden) Stad (Swedish: ' town; city ' ; plural städer )
255-581: A vitreous frit , either self-glazing or glazed. The Metropolitan Museum of Art displays a piece known as " William the Faience Hippopotamus " from Meir, Egypt , dated to the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt , c. 1981 –1885 BC. Different to those of ancient Egypt in theme and composition, artefacts of the Nubian Kingdom of Kerma are characterized by extensive amounts of blue faience, which
306-471: A wide range of wares. Large painted dishes were produced for weddings and other special occasions, with crude decoration that later appealed to collectors of English folk art . Many of the early potters in London were Flemish. By about 1600, blue-and-white wares were being produced, labelling the contents within decorative borders. The production was slowly superseded in the first half of the eighteenth century with
357-495: A wide variety of pottery from several parts of the world, including many types of European painted wares, often produced as cheaper versions of porcelain styles. English generally uses various other terms for well-known sub-types of faience. Italian tin-glazed earthenware, at least the early forms, is called maiolica in English, Dutch wares are called Delftware , and their English equivalents English delftware , leaving "faience" as
408-596: Is a Swedish term that historically was used for urban centers of various sizes. Since 1971, stad has no administrative or legal significance in Sweden. The status of towns in Sweden was formerly granted by a royal charter , comparable to the United Kingdom 's status of borough or burgh before the 1970s or city status today. Unless given such town privileges , a municipality could not call itself stad . To receive
459-551: Is a term for English faience, mostly of the 17th and early 18th centuries. Not all of it imitated Dutch delftware, though much did. It was replaced by the much better creamware and other types of refined earthenware Staffordshire pottery developed in the 18th century, many of which did not need tin-glazes to achieve a white colour. These were hugely successful and exported to Europe and the Americas. They are not called "faience" in English, but may be in other languages, e.g. creamware
510-422: Is marked by its location on the main road connecting the then Danish districts of Skåne and Blekinge , therefore a fortress was built as Sölvesborg was the main city in the province of Sölvesborg (called Sölvesborgs län ). The origin of the name Sölvesborg is unclear, but is believed to come from the founder of the castle, Sölfwitz or Sölvitz. The name thus means the castle (Borg) of Sölfwitz. Others claim that
561-407: Is referred to as faience , and the production was spread around Sweden. The factory remained for only a few decades and production was cancelled in 1790. In 1901, a glass factory was established. In order to provide the factory with sand, a train line was built after a private initiative, to Olofström and Älmhult . The glass factory closed in 1982. A shipping dock was opened in 1892 and remained in
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#1732852865296612-517: Is the E22 ( E66 up until 1994). Between 1993 and 1999 Sölvesborg and Wolgast in Germany had hover boat traffic during the summer months (May to August). Sölvesborg still retains its picturesque street structure, unlike many other Swedish cities. Even after a near total fire in 1801, when the entire city except the church burnt down, it was decided to retain it instead of adapting a grid pattern . Apart from
663-513: The body , the character and palette of the glaze , and the style of decoration, faïence blanche being left in its undecorated fired white slip. Faïence parlante bears mottoes often on decorative labels or banners. Wares for apothecaries , including albarello , can bear the names of their intended contents, generally in Latin and often so abbreviated to be unrecognizable to the untutored eye. Mottoes of fellowships and associations became popular in
714-538: The island of Majorca , which was a transshipping point for refined tin-glazed earthenwares shipped to Italy from the kingdom of Aragon at the close of the Middle Ages . This type of pottery owed much to its Moorish inheritance. In Italy, locally produced tin-glazed earthenwares, now called maiolica , initiated in the fourteenth century, reached a peak in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. After about 1600, these lost their appeal to elite customers, and
765-587: The 18th century was Östersund (1786). In 1863 the first local government acts were implemented in Sweden. Of the around 2,500 municipalities that were created, 88 were chartered towns. The main difference between these and other municipalities was that a stad had its own jurisdiction , i.e. independent town courts. There were also laws on urban planning and building ( Byggnadstadgan 1874 ), fire prevention ( Brandstadgan 1874 ), public order ( Ordningsstadgan 1868 ) and public health ( Hälsovårdsstadgan 1874 ) which were compulsory applicable to towns. Prior to 1900,
816-628: The 18th century, leading to the Faïence patriotique that was a specialty of the years of the French Revolution . In the course of the later 18th century, cheaper porcelain , and the refined earthenwares first developed in Staffordshire pottery such as creamware took over the market for refined faience. The French industry was given a nearly fatal blow by a commercial treaty with Great Britain in 1786, much lobbied for by Josiah Wedgwood , which set
867-571: The 1950s. Private investments saw to it that a new railroad was built between Sölvesborg and Älmhult (city of IKEA ) (the Sölvesborg-Olofström-Elmhult-Järnväg and on this route the first and longest natural tunnel, and also the only railway tunnel in Scania , came to place of its time near Barnakälla . Today, only half of the railroad remains and only industrial traffic between Olofström and Älmhult . The major road connection
918-586: The French sixteenth-century Saint-Porchaire ware , does not properly qualify as faience, but the distinction is not usually maintained. Semi- vitreous stoneware may be glazed like faience. Egyptian faience is not really faience, or pottery, at all, but made of a vitreous frit , and so closer to glass. In English 19th-century usage "faience" was often used to describe "any earthenware with relief modelling decorated with coloured glazes", including much glazed architectural terracotta and Victorian majolica , adding
969-518: The Nicolai Church, whose oldest part stem from the 12th century and the runestones in and outside the church. The best preserved runestone is the stone located inside the church. The Museum and Gallery, located in the harbour in old warehouses are worth a visit. The museum reflects the history of the city, from the early settlements to the early 20th Century. The Gallery shows local artists mainly. In 1985, SR International - Radio Sweden established
1020-514: The addition of an oxide of tin to the slip of a lead glaze, was a major advance in the history of pottery . The invention seems to have been made in Iran or the Middle East before the ninth century. A kiln capable of producing temperatures exceeding 1,000 °C (1,830 °F) was required to achieve this result, the result of millennia of refined pottery-making traditions. The term is now used for
1071-496: The aforementioned Ryssberget , the countryside villages outside of Sölvesborg are very scenic. In July, the village of Krokås hosts the day of eel fishing ( Ålafiskets dag ). In central Sölvesborg, the twin hills of Kanehall and Vitehall , which up until the 18th century were magnificent lookout points, are still worth a visit as they are located in the beech tree forest, one of Europe's largest coherent beech tree forest. Today, visitors need to go further upp Ryssberget to get
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#17328528652961122-484: The area dating back to the Stone Age , mostly in the area around Gammalstorp , Siretorp and Istaby . The hill in the east, marking the border towards Karlshamn called Ryssberget , was a direct creation of the glacial movements. On the western side of the hill, the different times of ice withdrawal are clearly noticeable. The old, now drained lake of Vesan was also a product of the ice age. The port town of Sölvesborg
1173-530: The city until 1982. Today, little of the old, traditional industries remain. Instead, the city relies on work commuters and small scale industries, as well as tourism . Outside the city, the fishing industry, especially in the harbour towns of Djupekås , Hällevik and Nogersund are important employers. In Norje a chicken production is in place as an important local industry. Also the neighbouring paper mills of Mörrum ( Södra Cell ) and Nymölla are notable. Sölvesborg got its first railroad connections in
1224-422: The difference between rural and urban areas. Police forces and district courts , as well as taxation, were centralized under state agencies, making the administration uniform all over Sweden. The amalgamations of municipalities reduced the number of local government units from a maximum of 2,532 in 1930 to less than 300 today. Consequently, by 1970 most municipalities contained both rural and urban areas. Since
1275-595: The end of the nineteenth century, William de Morgan re-discovered the technique of lustered faience "to an extraordinarily high standard". The term faience broadly encompassed finely glazed ceramic beads, figures and other small objects found in Egypt as early as 4000 BC, as well as in the Ancient Near East , the Indus Valley civilisation and Europe. However, this material is not pottery at all, containing no clay, but
1326-500: The foreman of the castle decided that it should be burnt. Today, nothing but ruins remain, but the old castle in Bäckaskog is of the same age and of similar construction. The now defunct city privileges were not restored until in 1841, by the Swedish king Carl XIV . In the 18th century, a porcelain factory was established in 1773 by Baron Erik Gabriel Sparre. The porcelain produced here
1377-414: The import duty on English earthenware at a nominal level. In the early 19th century, fine stoneware —fired so hot that the unglazed body vitrifies —closed the last of the traditional makers' ateliers even for beer steins . At the low end of the market, local manufactories continued to supply regional markets with coarse and simple wares, and many local varieties have continued to be made in versions of
1428-572: The introduction of cheap creamware . Dutch potters in northern (and Protestant) Germany established German centres of faience: the first manufactories in Germany were opened at Hanau (1661) and Heusenstamm (1662), soon moved to nearby Frankfurt . In Switzerland, Zunfthaus zur Meisen near Fraumünster church houses the porcelain and faience collection of the Swiss National Museum in Zürich . By
1479-539: The late 19th century, firstly to Karlshamn and Kristianstad and later on extended to Karlskrona in the east. This today is the only remaining railroad connection and is now connecting Karlskrona in the east with Malmö and Copenhagen in the west. In 1910 the railroad connections were extended to Listerlandet, the countryside surrounding Sölvesborg and connecting the town to the neighbouring municipality of Mjällby and ending in Hörvik . This railroad continued to run up until
1530-586: The leading French centres of faience manufacturing in the 17th century, both able to supply wares to the standards required by the court and nobility. Nevers continued the Italian istoriato maiolica style, painted with figurative subjects, until around 1650. Many others centres developed from the early 18th century, led in 1690 by Quimper in Brittany [1] , followed by Moustiers , Marseille , Strasbourg and Lunéville and many smaller centres. The cluster of factories in
1581-633: The mentioned Sölve might be the Norse Viking King Sölve or Salve. Sølv means silver in Danish. During the Middle Ages and well into the 16th century, Sölvesborg marked a strategic city in the west, together with the easternmost city - Kristianopel . During its heyday, the city came to host many of the ruling Danes when they came to visit the town. One notable character to inherit the Sölvesborg castle,
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1632-460: The mid-18th centuries many French factories produced (as well as simpler wares) pieces that followed the Rococo styles of the French porcelain factories and often hired and trained painters with the skill to produce work of a quality that sometimes approached them. The products of French faience manufactories, rarely marked, are identified by the usual methods of ceramic connoisseurship: the character of
1683-519: The names of their intended contents, generally in Latin and often so abbreviated to be unrecognizable to the untutored eye. Mottoes of fellowships and associations became popular in the 18th century, leading to the faïence patriotique that was a specialty of the years of the French Revolution . " English delftware " produced in Lambeth , London, and at other centres, from the late sixteenth century, provided apothecaries with jars for wet and dry drugs, among
1734-551: The normal term in English for French, German, Spanish, Portuguese wares and those of other countries not mentioned (it is also the usual French term, and fayence in German). The name faience is simply the French name for Faenza , in the Romagna near Ravenna , Italy, where a painted majolica ware on a clean, opaque pure-white ground, was produced for export as early as the fifteenth century. Technically, lead-glazed earthenware , such as
1785-737: The old styles as a form of folk art , and today for tourists. In the 19th century two glazing techniques revived by Minton were: 1. Tin-glazed pottery in the style of Renaissance Italian maiolica and, 2. The pottery of coloured glazes decoration over unglazed earthenware molded in low relief. At the Great Exhibition of 1851 and at the International Exhibition of 1862 both were exhibited. Both are known today as Victorian majolica . The coloured glazes majolica wares were later also made by Wedgwood and numerous smaller Staffordshire potteries round Burslem and Stoke-on-Trent . At
1836-456: The privileges, there were several requirements a municipality needed to fulfill, like being of a certain size, and to have certain facilities. The criteria varied over time as they were at the discretion of the Riksdag or the monarch , but they could include a permanent town council hall and a prison. In the majority of cases, before a town received its charter, it would have previously been given
1887-527: The quality of painting declined, with geometric designs and simple shapes replacing the complicated and sophisticated scenes of the best period. Production continues to the present day in many centres, and the wares are again called "faience" in English (though usually still maiolica in Italian). At some point "faience" as a term for pottery from Faenza in northern Italy was a general term used in French, and then reached English. The first northerners to imitate
1938-506: The same time as the church was built, the castle took shape. The oldest part are slightly younger than the church, and although the earliest days are not well documented, it is supposed that it was originally merely a fortress. The castle came to be extended - both its height as well as the area it covered during the years. The city was granted its charter in 1445 by the Scandinavian king Christopher of Bavaria . The history of Sölvesborg
1989-524: The same view, as the trees have grown tall. Before reaching Kanehall and Vitehall , the houses on Norregatan should be passed. These houses reflect the old town and was, when the houses were built, an outskirt of the town referred to as the Fattigstaden or The Poor people's town. The town centre itself is a good example of the Medieval town planning of Swedish and Danish towns. Other notable visits include
2040-419: The seat of Gotland Municipality , but is no political entity of its own. Some former towns have also grown together, forming one urban area. A few municipalities which used to be towns still style themselves as stad , e.g. Stockholm , Gothenburg and Malmö . There are also municipalities with considerable rural areas that market themselves with the term. Statistics Sweden defines the term stad as
2091-526: The seat of their respective municipalities though the term is no longer an administrative term. In some municipalities there can be more than one former town, e.g. Eskilstuna and Torshälla in Eskilstuna Municipality , Kungälv and Marstrand in Kungälv Municipality , or Jönköping , Huskvarna and Gränna , which all three now are part of Jönköping Municipality . The town of Visby is
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2142-609: The south were generally the most innovative, while Strasbourg and other centres near the Rhine were much influenced by German porcelain. The products of faience manufactories are identified by the usual methods of ceramic connoisseurship: the character of the clay body, the character and palette of the glaze , and the style of decoration, faïence blanche being left in its undecorated fired white slip. Faïence parlante (especially from Nevers) bears mottoes often on decorative labels or banners. Apothecary wares, including albarelli , can bear
2193-518: The status of köping or "merchant town". Exceptions to this would be when a town was founded under Royal supervision, in which case it would often bear the name of the monarch, such as Kristianstad or Karlskrona (named after kings Christian IV of Denmark and Karl XI of Sweden ). In the Late Middle Ages , c. 1450 , Sweden (excluding Finland ) had 41 chartered towns. By 1680 there were 83. The only town founded and chartered during
2244-514: The tin-glazed earthenwares being imported from Italy were the Dutch. Delftware is a kind of faience, made at potteries round Delft in the Netherlands , characteristically decorated in blue on white. It began in the early sixteenth century on a relatively small scale, imitating Italian maiolica, but from around 1580 it began to imitate the highly sought-after blue and white Chinese export porcelain that
2295-448: The trade privileges for Vä and Sölvesborg were withdrawn and given to Kristianstad . The city thus became less important and subsequently fell behind. Some minor production, such as a Faience factory between 1773 and 1798 made no major impressions. The castle was abandoned after the Danish defeat to the Swedes at the battle of Knäred in 1637. Rather than letting the Swedes seize the castle,
2346-428: The two minor towns of Borgholm and Haparanda lost their courts, but retained the title of stad . Of the new towns chartered between 1901 and 1951 (44, making the total number of towns 133), not a single one was given its own jurisdiction, but remained under what was called landsrätt ("rural jurisdiction"). In the middle of the 20th century many administrative reforms were carried out that continued to diminish
2397-454: The urban and rural municipalities also with time got the same duties towards citizens, it became unnecessary to differentiate between towns and other municipalities, as all had the same powers. Since 1 January 1971, all municipalities are designated as kommun , regardless of their former status. Most of the urban areas of Sweden which once were chartered towns are today still usually referred to as stad . The majority of them are also house
2448-402: Was Sören Norby , which he was granted after his leaving Sweden , as he had fallen out of favour with the Swedish king, Gustav Vasa . With the Danish king Christian IV , change came to be. The old town west to Sölvesborg, Vä , was burnt down during the wars with Sweden and Christian wanted to replace it with a new one – Christianstad (the city of Christian). In order to accomplish this,
2499-463: Was beginning to reach Europe, soon followed by Japanese export porcelain . From the later half of the century the Dutch were manufacturing and exporting very large quantities, some in its own recognisably Dutch style, as well as copying East Asian porcelain. In France, the first well-known painter of faïence was Masseot Abaquesne , established in Rouen in the 1530s. Nevers faience and Rouen faience were
2550-526: Was developed by the natives of Kerma independently of Egyptian techniques. Examples of ancient faience are also found in Minoan Crete , which was likely influenced by Egyptian culture. Faience material, for instance, has been recovered from the Knossos archaeological site. Many centres of traditional manufacture are recognized, as well as some individual ateliers . A partial list follows. English delftware
2601-472: Was founded in the 12th century, between the mountain Ryssberget and the bay to the east (Sölvesborgsviken), but the city itself has grown up around the church, the monastery and later on the castle. The oldest part of the church of Saint Nicholas is from the 12th century. In the 14th century, the church formed part of a Carmelite convent . In 1564 Sölvesborg took over the city charter of Elleholm . At about
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