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50-639: The Society was established in 1912, largely on the initiative of Hilary Jenkinson (1882–1961), then an archivist at the Public Record Office and also honorary secretary of the Surrey Archaeological Society . It had become clear that the Archaeological Society was unable or unwilling to commit itself to a sustained programme of publication of archival sources for the county's history, and Jenkinson believed that an entirely new body

100-558: A canted panelled ceiling; a set of carved oak choir stalls designed by Jeffry; and an array of Rayonnant lancet windows . The windows were originally fitted with stained glass panels depicting scenes from the Bible; the glass was imported by the 7th Earl from Germany, having been originally designed in the Sixteenth Century for Steinfeld Abbey and Mariawald Abbey . The glass was auctioned off at Sotheby's in 1928 and acquired by

150-545: A College under the governance of the Bonar Law Memorial Trust (BLMT). The BLMT was charged by its Founding Deed to pursue the following goals, namely (a) honouring the memory of a great statesman, (b) the preservation of the house and grounds as an historic building, (c) to create an educational centre ... (d) to train lecturers, speakers and writers to further the study of the subjects outlined above (e) ... provide lectures and/or discussions on these subjects open to

200-430: A Gothic Revival Chapel designed by James Wyatt, completed by Jeffry Wyatt in 1817. The most notable exterior feature of the chapel is its spire which was demolished in 1922 by Lord Brownlow as it had become structurally unsound. The spire which can be seen today is in fact a fibreglass replica which was erected in 1969. The chapel interior features a pair of Fourteenth-Century carved doors, fan-vaulted coving supporting

250-627: A personal capacity, and undertaken to a great degree early in his career. By contrast, in his professional career at the Public Record Office, and in particular as Deputy Keeper from 1947 to 1954, he was often seen as an autocratic and inflexible conservative. Elizabeth Shepherd comments that "it was only after his retirement that the PRO could finally develop a professional archival approach to its work", as Jenkinson did not like individual interpretations or differing viewpoints of his philosophy. Within

300-488: A replica of Guido Reni 's Aurora ceiling and aedicular door surrounds . Among the alterations carried out after the conversion of the mansion into a college, the conservatory was altered by Clough Williams-Ellis in 1919 to form a dining-room. The boundary between Hertfordshire and Buckinghamshire originally passed through the dining room, though the house is now entirely in Hertfordshire . The house incorporates

350-519: A uniform burnt sienna hardback binding . Hilary Jenkinson Sir Charles Hilary Jenkinson CBE FSA FRHistS (1 November 1882 – 5 March 1961) was a British archivist and archival theorist , regarded as the figure most responsible for bringing continental European concepts of archival theory to the English-speaking world. Born in Streatham , London, Jenkinson

400-476: A volume number and a "number" (i.e. a part number), but the details supplied on the covers and title-pages were not always complete or consistent. The practice led to bibliographical confusion for librarians and readers, and was abandoned after the Second World War . Beginning with volume 22 (published in 1955), all volumes were issued complete. From volume 25 (1964) onwards, all volumes have been published in

450-482: Is a country estate and stately home in Hertfordshire , England. It is situated in the Chiltern Hills , an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty , about 2 miles (3.2 km) north of Berkhamsted and 23 miles (37 km) north west of London. The estate comprises 5,000 acres (20 km ) of woodlands (known as Ashridge Forest), commons and chalk downland which supports a rich variety of wildlife. Today, Ashridge

500-526: Is a 640.1 hectare (1581.7 acre) Biological Site of Special Scientific Interest . The site was notified in 1987 under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 and lies on the Buckinghamshire and Hertfordshire border and is home to much semi-natural vegetation. As well as this, the site has extensive areas of woodland, grass and plantations. Ashridge Woods are also well known for their Bluebell woods. Part of

550-461: Is built of ashlar faced with Totternhoe stone with a castellated parapet and low-pitched slate roofs. It features a variety of casement windows including pointed arch and ogee lights typical of the early Gothic Revival style. Before his untimely death, James Wyatt completed the north-facing front entrance and the central block, containing the state apartments and western courtyards. Jeffry Wyatt added private apartment blocks at an angle to

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600-458: Is home to Hult Ashridge , Hult International Business School 's executive education programme, as it has been since 1959. The estate is currently owned by the National Trust . In mediæval times Ashridge was the location of Ashridge Priory , a college of the monastic order of Bonhommes founded in 1283 by Edmund, 2nd Earl of Cornwall , whose palace was at nearby Berkhamsted Castle . At

650-440: Is now a Grade I listed building . Ashridge house was built on the site of the 13th-Century priory building which had been demolished in 1800. Some parts of the old priory were incorporated into the house by James Wyatt, including the undercroft of the monastic refectory , featuring two aisles , seven bays and a rib-vaulted ceiling, which he repurposed as a beer cellar below the dining room and drawing room. The mansion

700-766: The Jewish Historical Society of England (1953–55); and President of the Society of Archivists (1955–61). He also played an important role in the setting up of the National Register of Archives in 1945. He served as the British representative on the UNESCO committee convened in 1948 to establish an International Council on Archives , later becoming a vice-president of the Council. Jenkinson's Manual of Archive Administration

750-540: The Surrey Archaeological Society . He took a leading part in establishing its daughter organisation, the Surrey Record Society , in 1912; and thereafter, as secretary and general editor until 1950, in establishing its principles of editing and records publication. He was a founder (1932), Joint Honorary Secretary (1932–47) and Vice-President (1954–61) of the British Records Association ; President of

800-563: The University of Aberdeen . Jenkinson married Alice Violet Rickards in 1910. She died in 1960. Jenkinson died a year later on 5 March 1961 at St Thomas' Hospital , London. They had no children. After his death, Oliver W. Holmes wrote in the American Archivist that Jenkinson's work had become a reference source for all inexperienced staff. Writing in 1980, Roger Ellis and Peter Walne commented that "[n]o one man had more influence on

850-617: The Victoria and Albert Museum . One glass panel featuring the Blessed Virgin was placed in the nearby Church of Ss Peter and Paul at Little Gaddesden ; another, depicting St Peter was in Christ Church, Croydon in London. Beneath the chapel is a vaulted medieval wellhouse with a 224-foot (68 m) well . Outside the house stands the timber-frame and brick Fourteenth-Century Monks' Barn in

900-480: The dissolution of the monasteries the priory was surrendered to the crown and King Henry VIII used it to house his children, namely Prince Edward and the Princesses Mary and Elizabeth. Eventually he bequeathed the property to his daughter Elizabeth . The priory church was demolished during the reign of Elizabeth I. In 1604 the estate became the property of Sir Thomas Egerton . Egerton's son, John Egerton ,

950-471: The 3rd Duke of Bridgewater had begun to demolish the Medieval Priory buildings in order to build a new country house. His successor, the 7th Earl of Bridgewater commissioned the architect James Wyatt to build his new home, Ashridge House. The foundation stone for the new house was laid by the 7th Earl's wife, Charlotte Catherine Anne, Countess of Bridgewater , on 25 October 1808, the 48th anniversary of

1000-612: The English-speaking world), along with his own original interpretations. For example, Jenkinson rejected the practice of accepting singular documents into an archive, as well as the acceptance of private papers, which he considered to be a flaw of the French and Belgian philosophies. However, Margaret Procter argues that despite Jenkinson's "iconic" status, his work also rested to a considerable degree on an existing British theoretical tradition. Key elements in Jenkinson's archival theory included

1050-541: The Goblet of Fire were filmed in Ashridge's Frithsden Beeches wood. Ashridge House, which is now Ashridge Business School , has been featured in films such as The Dirty Dozen . More recently, it has been used as a location for The Crown and Pennyworth TV series. In early 2023, English singer-songwriter Sam Smith released a music video for his song I'm Not Here to Make Friends , almost entirely shot in and outside

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1100-457: The Monks' Garden. It was remodelled in 1816 by Jeffry Wyatt who added a covered walkway. In 1884 Mathew Digby Wyatt added the red brick Fern House. The gardens were laid out from 1813 onwards under the direction of Charlotte Catherine Anne, Countess of Bridgewater , wife of the 7th Earl. She commissioned the noted landscape gardener Humphrey Repton , and they formed a friendship on his many visits to

1150-476: The Surrey Record Society itself, but also more widely. The Society's first publication, which appeared in two volumes issued in parts between 1913 and 1924, was Registrum Johannis de Pontissara , the register of John of Pontoise (d. 1304), Bishop of Winchester 1282–1304. Recent volumes, which illustrate the range of subject-matter addressed, have included: In the interest of speedy publication, it

1200-424: The accession of George III of Great Britain . The ceremony is commemorated by a brass plaque by the main entrance. In 1813, part-way through the construction works, Wyatt died unexpectedly, and the building project was completed the following year by his nephew Jeffry Wyatt (later known as Sir Jeffry Wyatville ). The present house is regarded as one of the finest examples of early Gothic Revival architecture and

1250-417: The archival profession, Jenkinson's core tenets regarding the objectivity of archives and the archivist as neutral custodian have undergone considerable criticism and revision in recent years. Writing in 1997, Terry Cook commented: "At its most extreme, Jenkinson's approach would allow the archival legacy to be perverted by administrative whim or state ideology, as in the former Soviet Union , where provenance

1300-470: The archivist as being a "profession of faith," a serious professional that is uncompromising in their duty. Jenkinson had a number of theoretical differences of opinion with T. R. Schellenberg , his American counterpart, particularly over the question of the archivist's role in appraisal and selection. John Ridener ascribes their differences in outlook to the fact that, in contrast to Schellenberg's concern with modern records management , Jenkinson's theory

1350-522: The arrangement and classification of the records of the medieval Exchequer . In 1912, he was put in charge of the search room, which he then reorganised in response to criticisms made in the first report of the Royal Commission on Public Records. After his military service, he worked at the War Office until 1920. Returning to the Public Record Office, he reorganised the repairing department and later

1400-467: The centre of the fan-vaulted ceiling is a large dial connected to the weather vane on the roof which displays the current wind direction. The Brownlow Hall contains a giant frieze of the goddess Venus surrounded by putti with an armorial centrepiece and three early-Twentieth Century murals. Redecoration of the interiors was commissioned by Lady Marian Alford and executed in the neoclassical style in 1855–63 by Sir Matthew Digby Wyatt , including

1450-512: The electorate'. Associated with the College were regional or county circles or clubs, such the Ashridge Dining Club in London; their activities were reported by The Ashridge Journal. In 1954 its Deed of Foundation was changed by Act of Parliament, and Ashridge was 're-founded' as an educational charity. In 1959 it became a Management College, which it remains today. In 1959 Ashridge College

1500-471: The establishment of the profession of archivist in Great Britain than Sir Hilary Jenkinson". Terry Eastwood in 2003 called Jenkinson "one of the most influential archivists in the English-speaking world". Jenkinson influenced University College, London 's decision to establish an archives diploma course, and would later present its first lecture. Such a course provided advancement towards his desire for

1550-715: The estate became Ashridge Golf Club in 1932, and had Henry Cotton as its club professional in the late 1930s, including his most successful year 1937. During the Second World War , the building and the lawn in front of it was used as a secondary site for Charing Cross Hospital . The house has housed the Ashridge Executive Education program, of Hult International Business School , since 1959. Ashridge Common has been featured many times in film and television series due to its distinction as an area of natural beauty. Scenes for Maleficent , Plotlands , Sleepy Hollow , Jonathan Creek and Harry Potter and

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1600-622: The estate passed to the Earls Brownlow , another strand of the Egerton family, and then in 1921 it was split, with the land passing to the National Trust, while the house and garden was acquired by speculators. In 1928 Urban Hanlon Broughton purchased the house as a gift for the Conservative Party intended to commemorate Bonar Law . In July 1929 Ashridge opened by Stanley Baldwin as

1650-533: The estate. Repton presented many ideas in his Red Book for the estate in 1813, including a rosarie (or rosarium ) and a "Monks' Garden" commemorating Ashridge's monastic heritage with a layout of grave-shaped flower beds. The Countess approved many of his designs, but also had her own ideas for the estate and made alterations to his proposals. Writing in 1824, the chaplain to the Earl of Bridgewater, Rev Henry Todd , noted that "the profusion of flowers which abound here, as

1700-637: The following: Jenkinson saw "the good Archivist" as "perhaps the most selfless devotee of Truth the modern world produces". "His Creed, the Sanctity of Evidence; his Task, the Conservation of every Scrap of Evidence attaching to the Documents committed to his charge; his Aim, to provide, without prejudice or afterthought, for all who wish to know the Means of Knowledge." He further reaffirmed this position by designating

1750-582: The former more desirable for preservation. Schellenberg desired a forward-thinking practicality in the approach to archival appraisal that took into consideration the needs of future patrons (in stark contrast to Jenkinson's conservative approach), while maintaining Jenkinson's notions of record relatedness, evidentiary value, and "truth" in archival holdings. In a private letter, Schellenberg dismissed Jenkinson as "an old fossil". Jenkinson's greatest influence on archival theory and practice emerged from his publications, teaching and other activities undertaken in

1800-474: The main building and an orangery with a turret in 1815–17. The main entrance features a projecting porte-cochère and octagonal turrets, added by Jeffry Wyatt c.1814. Inside the mansion are a number of richly decorated state rooms ; of the interior features, only the hall, the staircase tower and the chapel are Gothic in design. The high staircase hall features a stone stair with iron railing, surrounded by niches containing statues by Sir Richard Westmacott . At

1850-563: The process of being transferred to the Public Record Office. Jenkinson lectured on palaeography , diplomatic , and archives in Cambridge, and at King's College London and University College, London . He wrote a number of books on palaeography and diplomatic, and his Manual of Archive Administration (1922; revised edition 1937) became a highly influential work on archival practice in Britain and Ireland. He served as Honorary Secretary of

1900-611: The protection and preservation of a country's archives, even during times of war, so that the "sanctity of evidence" may be preserved in the records. From 1947 until his retirement in 1954, Jenkinson served as the deputy keeper (chief executive officer) of the repository at the Public Record Office. During this tenure, he was instrumental in acquiring more facilities in Ashridge, Hertfordshire as further records storage, and facilities in Hayes, Middlesex to serve as temporary housing for records in

1950-512: The public or for those who had paid fees to attend, (f) ... provide a supporting staff, (g) to allow boarding by those attending the lectures and discussions. For the next fifteen years the college, the full title of which was the Bonar Law Memorial College, Ashridge was to act as a school for Conservative intellectuals creating, in their own words, 'Conservative Fabians', and as a 'College of Citizenship' for 'the general education of

2000-516: The repository, to which he moved in 1929. He was appointed secretary and principal assistant keeper in 1938. During 1944 and 1945, he paid several extended visits to Italy, Germany, and Malta as War Office Adviser on Archives, attached to the Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives Subcommission , playing an important role in archives protection in those countries from the worst of the depredations of war. In 1947, Jenkinson, along with H. E. Bell, advocated

2050-559: The scientific archival profession to advance beyond the Public Record Office, and to train a new generation of archivists in his English method. Since 2007, the Department of Information Studies at University College London has hosted an annual Jenkinson Lecture named in honour of Sir Hilary. The series was established to mark the sixtieth anniversary of archival education at UCL. A fuller bibliography of Jenkinson's writings to 1956 appears as: Festschrifts Ashridge Ashridge

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2100-633: The walks and conservatories together with the elegance of their arrangement, sufficiently indicates the care and attention bestowed by the Countess of Bridgewater upon her delightful pursuits of the garden." The rosarie and the Monks' Garden are still visible at Ashridge today. The Grade II* listed Bridgewater Monument ( grid reference SP970131 ) is a tower on the Ashridge estate, built in 1832 in memory of Francis Egerton, 3rd Duke of Bridgewater (1736–1803), "the father of inland navigation". Ashridge Commons & Woods ( grid reference SP975135 )

2150-631: Was created 1st Earl of Bridgewater on 27 May 1617. In 1800, redevelopment of the estate as the Bridgewater residence was begun by Francis Egerton, 3rd Duke of Bridgewater . The Duke demolished most of the Priory and after his death, the present house was constructed between 1808 and 1814 by John Egerton, 7th Earl of Bridgewater . The 3rd Duke of Bridgewater was buried in the Egerton family vault in Little Gaddesden Church, close to Ashridge. In 1848

2200-402: Was first published in 1922, and republished in a second edition (revised and expanded, but not significantly altered in its principles) in 1937. It was reissued with a new introduction by Roger Ellis in 1965. The book is described by John Ridener as "one of the most widely recognized treatises on the theory of archives and archival work" for introducing continental archival concepts to Britain (and

2250-454: Was founded on "medieval record structures", and was unsuited to dealing with the increased bulk of modern records. To Schellenberg, it was a matter of quality in the archives. Having an undisturbed and impartial bulk in appraisal and accession does not, in his philosophy, serve the main purpose of the modern archives: making available useful material to patrons. Some records have higher evidentiary value, while others fall short on worth, making

2300-485: Was necessary. He became its secretary, and his Record Office colleague M. S. Giuseppi its general editor. Giuseppi stood down in 1924 to be succeeded by Jenkinson, who held the positions of secretary and general editor jointly until 1950. In that year he was elected president of the Society. In these roles, Jenkinson established many of the principles of record editing and publication which were subsequently adhered to not only by

2350-410: Was re-launched to provide management training, and was named Ashridge Business School . In 2015, Ashridge Business School operationally merged with Hult International Business School, an American business school with campuses in seven cities around the world. As part of the merger, Ashridge Business School changed its name to Ashridge Executive Education , later Hult Ashridge . Prior to his death,

2400-454: Was the Society's practice in its early decades to issue its texts in serial form, as editing work progressed, in "parts" (or fascicles ), with card covers . The intention was that, once all the parts comprising a volume had appeared, members could bind them together. Some volumes were issued in parts irregularly over several years, interspersed with parts of other volumes. Publications were generally issued with two separate numerical identifiers,

2450-648: Was the son of William Wilberforce Jenkinson, a land agent, and Alice Leigh Bedale. He was educated at Dulwich College and Pembroke College, Cambridge , graduating with first class honours in Classics in 1904. During the First World War , he joined the Royal Garrison Artillery , and served in France and Belgium from 1916 to 1918. In 1906, Jenkinson joined the staff of the Public Record Office and worked on

2500-471: Was undermined by the establishment of one state fonds and archival records attained value solely by the degree to which they reflected the 'official' view of history." Jenkinson was appointed CBE in 1943 and knighted in 1949. As well as being a member of the Society of Archivists of Great Britain, he was an honorary member of the Society of American Archivists . He was granted an honorary fellowship at University College, London , and an honorary LLD at

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