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81-514: During the Quit India Movement of Mahatma Gandhi in 1942, A large number of 3,000 Koli cultivators from Matwad, Karadi, Machhad and Kothmadi in Surat District fought against British soldiers at Matwad with lathis and dharias on 21 August 1942. In this fight, four persons including one policeman died. The kolis also snatched away four police muskets and two bayonets. Kolis smashed up

162-633: A 1 rupee commemorative coin to mark the Golden Jubilee of the Quit India Movement. In 1939, Indian nationalists were angry that British Governor-General of India , Lord Linlithgow , brought India into the war without consultation with them. The Muslim League supported the war, but Congress was divided. At the outbreak of war, the Congress Party had passed a resolution during the Wardha meeting of

243-503: A copy to Bulusu Sambamurti (former Speaker of the Madras Assembly ). The telegram was published in the press, and stated: I am in receipt of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru's letter of 8 July. My honest opinion is that Civil Disobedience Movement is a little pre-mature. The Congress should first concede openheartedly and with handshake to Muslim League the theoretical Pakistan , and thereafter all parties unitedly make demand of Quit India. If

324-516: A deal to obtain total co-operation during the war, in return for devolution and distribution of power from the crown and the Viceroy to an elected Indian legislature. The talks failed, as they did not address the key demand of a timetable of self-government and of the powers to be relinquished, essentially making an offer of limited dominion-status that was unacceptable to the Indian movement. In 1939, with

405-702: A disobedience movement, as did many veteran Gandhians and socialists like Asoka Mehta and Jayaprakash Narayan . Allama Mashriqi , head of the Khaksar Tehrik , was called by Jawaharlal Nehru to join the Quit India Movement. Mashriqi was apprehensive of its outcome and did not agree with the Congress Working Committee's resolution. On 28 July 1942, Allama Mashriqi sent the following telegram to Maulana Abul Kalam Azad , Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan , Mohandas Gandhi , C. Rajagopalachari , Jawaharlal Nehru , Rajendra Prasad and Pattabhi Sitaramayya . He also sent

486-410: A letter titled Stick to your Posts , in which he instructed Hindu Sabhaites who happened to be "members of municipalities, local bodies, legislatures or those serving in the army... to stick to their posts" across the country, and not to join the Quit India Movement at any cost. But later after requests and persuasions and realising the importance of the bigger role of Indian independence he chose to join

567-435: A population density of 1,376 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,560/sq mi) . Its population growth rate was 42.24% over the decade 2001–2011 and 54.30% over the decade 1991–2001. Surat has a sex ratio of 788 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 86.5%. 79.74% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 2.60% and 14.09% of the population respectively. Hinduism

648-504: A resolution condemning the aggressive activities of the Germans. At the same time, the resolution also stated that India could not associate herself with war unless it was consulted first. Responding to this declaration, the Viceroy issued a statement on 17 October wherein he claimed that Britain was waging a war driven with the intention of strengthening peace in the world. He also stated that after

729-418: A strong leadership base giving the country political direction. Indian nationalism is as much a diverse blend of nationalistic sentiments as its people are ethnically and religiously diverse. Thus the most influential undercurrents are more than just Indian in nature. The most controversial and emotionally charged fibre in the fabric of Indian nationalism is religion. Religion forms a major, and in many cases,

810-577: A wide array of Muslims to the independence struggle and the Congress Party. The Aligarh Muslim University and the Jamia Millia Islamia stand apart – the former helped form the Muslim league, while the JMI was founded to promote Muslim education and consciousness upon nationalistic and Gandhian values and thought. While prominent Muslims like Allama Iqbal , Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Liaquat Ali Khan embraced

891-509: Is 4,418 km , and the density of Surat District was 1,376 per km at the 2011 Census. The region has the highest population density in the State, followed by Ahmedabad region. There are 10 sub-districts in Surat district. These include Surat city, Mandvi, Bardoli, Palsana, Mahuva, Kamrej, Mangrol, Choryasi, Olpad and Umarpada. Surat has a tropical savanna climate ( Köppen : Aw), moderated strongly by

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972-597: Is based not merely on territorial extent of its sovereignty. Nationalistic sentiments and expression encompass that India's ancient history, as the birthplace of the Indus Valley civilisation , as well as four major world religions – Hinduism , Buddhism , Jainism and Sikhism . Indian nationalists see India stretching along these lines across the Indian subcontinent . India today celebrates many kings and queens for combating foreign invasion and domination, such as Shivaji of

1053-413: Is the basis of the movement. The guidelines of the movement that prevailed throughout the movement included disobedience of law, general strike among students, general strike amongst labour, formations of free Government, breaking of communications, refusal to pay taxes and others. On 8 November 1942, Congress told people to perform ten duties 'without any risk': Several political groups active during

1134-542: Is the main religion. Islam and Jainism are also present. Languages of Surat district (2011) At the time of the 2011 census, 60.06% of the population spoke Gujarati , 19.62% Hindi , 8.03% Marathi , 2.60% Odia , 2.47% Urdu , 1.44% Marwari , 1.30% Bhojpuri and 1.01% Chodri as their first language. Places of tourist interest in Surat are the old fort build by Muhammad bin Tughluq, the beautiful beaches of Ubhrat and Dumas ,

1215-584: The Axis Powers , conducted a guerrilla war against the British authorities. Viceroy Linlithgow remarked the movement to be "by far the most serious rebellion since 1857". In his telegram to Winston Churchill on 31 August he noted: I am engaged here in meeting by far the most serious rebellion since that of 1857, the gravity and extent of which we have so far concealed from the world for reasons of military security. Mob violence remains rampant over large tracts of

1296-656: The Indian Independence Movement were opposed to the Quit India Movement. These included the Muslim League , the Hindu Mahasabha and princely states as below: Hindu nationalist parties like the Hindu Mahasabha openly opposed the call for the Quit India Movement and boycotted it officially. Vinayak Damodar Savarkar , the president of the Hindu Mahasabha at that time, even went to the extent of writing

1377-660: The Indian National Congress in India by the political reformer A.O. Hume intensified the process by providing an important platform from which demands could be made for political liberalisation, increased autonomy, and social reform. The leaders of the Congress advocated dialogue and debate with the Raj administration to achieve their political goals. Distinct from these moderate voices (or loyalists) who did not preach or support violence

1458-573: The Indo-Pakistan War of 1971 and the Bangladesh Liberation War , Indian nationalism reached its post-independence peak. However by the 1980s, religious tensions reached a melting point and Indian nationalism sluggishly collapsed in the following decades. Despite its decline and the rise of religious nationalism, Indian nationalism and its historic figures continue to strongly influence the politics of India and reflect an opposition to

1539-585: The Jalalpore Railway Station , removed the Rails and burnt down the post office. After this, situation in the neighbouring villages of Borsad , Anand and Thasra taluqas became so aggravated that British troops was marched through the villages between 22 and 24 August 1942. As of 2011 it is the 12th most populous district of India (out of 640), and the second most populous district of Gujarat (out of 33 ) after Ahmadabad . Surat District's total area

1620-532: The Maratha Empire , Rani Laxmibai of Jhansi , Kittur Chennamma , Maharana Pratap of Rajputana , Prithviraj Chauhan and Tipu Sultan . The kings of Ancient India , such as Chandragupta Maurya and Ashoka of the Magadha Empire, are also remembered for their military genius, notable conquests and remarkable religious tolerance . Akbar was a Mughal emperor, was known to have a good relationship with

1701-556: The United States strongly supported Indian independence, in principle, and believed the U.S. was an ally. However, after Churchill threatened to resign if pushed too hard, the U.S. quietly supported him while bombarding Indians with propaganda designed to strengthen public support of the war effort. The poorly run American operation annoyed the Indians. In March 1942, faced with a dissatisfied sub-continent only reluctantly participating in

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1782-452: The 'All India' organization from the independence process and came to see Jinnah, who advocated separatism, as the sole representative of Indian Muslims. This was viewed with dismay by many Indian nationalists, who viewed Jinnah's ideology as damaging and unnecessarily divisive. In an interview with Leonard Mosley , Nehru said that he and his fellow Congressmen were "tired" after the independence movement, so were not ready to further drag on

1863-488: The Americans, as President Franklin D. Roosevelt pressured Prime Minister Winston Churchill to give in to some of the Indian demands. The movement included boycotting the British government and rejection of transactions involving the government. Various violent incidents took place around the country against the British regime. The British arrested tens of thousands of leaders, keeping them imprisoned until 1945. Ultimately,

1944-514: The British could reestablish their writ in the district. Of special importance in Saurashtra (in western Gujarat) was the role of the region's 'baharvatiya' tradition (i.e. going outside the law) which abetted the sabotage activities of the movement there. In Adas village in Kaira district , six people died and many more wounded in police shooting incident . In rural west Bengal, the Quit India Movement

2025-480: The British government realised that India was ungovernable in the long run, and the issue for the postwar era became how to exit gracefully and peacefully. The movement ended in 1945 with the release of jailed freedom fighters. Martyrs of this freedom movement include Mukunda Kakati , Matangini Hazra , Kanaklata Barua , Kushal Konwar , Bhogeswari Phukanani and others. In 1992, the Reserve Bank of India issued

2106-400: The British might gain, but for the maintenance of the defence and freedom of the province itself. You, as Governor, will function as the constitutional head of the province and will be guided entirely on the advice of your Minister. The Muslim League and Muhammad Ali Jinnah opposed the movement. Jinnah supported British war effort in the world war. The Communist Party of India opposed

2187-456: The British refuse, start total disobedience. The resolution said: The committee, therefore, resolves to sanction for the vindication of India's inalienable right to freedom and independence, the starting of a mass struggle on non-violent lines on the widest possible scale, so that the country might utilise all the non-violent strength it has gathered during the last 22 years of peaceful struggle... they [the people] must remember that non-violence

2268-430: The Congress, this movement will fail to take root in the province. It should be possible for us, especially responsible Ministers, to be able to tell the public that the freedom for which the Congress has started the movement, already belongs to the representatives of the people. In some spheres it might be limited during the emergency. Indian have to trust the British, not for the sake for Britain, not for any advantage that

2349-623: The Conservatives were forced to concede some of the demands made by the Indians. On 8 August, the Viceroy issued a statement that has come to be referred to as the " August Offer ". However, Congress rejected the offer followed by the Muslim League. In the context of the widespread dissatisfaction that prevailed over the rejection of the demands made by the Congress, at the meeting of the Congress Working Committee in Wardha, Gandhi revealed his plan to launch individual civil disobedience. Once again,

2430-506: The Fazlul Haq led Bengal Government, along with its alliance partner Hindu Mahasabha, would make every possible effort to defeat the Quit India Movement in the province of Bengal and made a concrete proposal as regards this: The question is how to combat this movement (Quit India) in Bengal? The administration of the province should be carried on in such a manner that in spite of the best efforts of

2511-607: The Indian independence movement. Following the Hindu Mahasabha's official decision to boycott the Quit India movement, Syama Prasad Mukherjee , leader of the Hindu Mahasabha in Bengal, (which was a part of the ruling coalition in Bengal led by Krishak Praja Party of Fazlul Haq ), wrote a letter to the British Government as to how they should respond, if the Congress gave a call to the British rulers to quit India. In this letter, dated 26 July 1942 he wrote: Let me now refer to

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2592-610: The Japanese army to the India-Burma border, responded by imprisoning Gandhi. All the members of the Party's Working Committee (national leadership) were imprisoned as well. Due to the arrest of major leaders, a young and until then relatively unknown Aruna Asaf Ali presided over the AICC session on 9 August and hoisted the flag; later the Congress party was banned. These actions only created sympathy for

2673-559: The Muslims of the country wanted a separate electorate, Pakistan. Meanwhile, crucial political events took place in England. Chamberlain was succeeded by Churchill as prime minister. This meant that the Marquis of Zetland who had piloted the 1935 Act, much to Churchill's chagrin, resigned as Secretary of State for India. In order to pacify the Indians in the circumstance of the worsening war situation,

2754-466: The Quit India movement and supported the British war effort after Soviet Union was under attack. While the movement had impact on princely states, some princes opposed the movement and funded the opposition. The movement significantly impacted military preparations of British Empire during the World War II as 57 infantry battalions were used to quell protests for months when they had to be used in

2835-560: The Roman Catholic Church as well as with his subjects – Hindus, Buddhists, Sikhs and Jains. He forged familial and political bonds with Hindu Rajput kings. Although previous Sultans had been more or less tolerant, Akbar took religious intermingling to new level of exploration. He developed for the first time in Islamic India an environment of complete religious freedom. Akbar undid most forms of religious discrimination, and invited

2916-503: The Sea to the Gulf of Cambay. The summer begins in early March and lasts until June. April and May are the hottest months, the average maximum temperature being 37 °C (99 °F). Monsoon begins in late June, and the city receives about 1,200 millimetres (47 in) of rain by the end of September, with the average maximum being 32 °C (90 °F) during those months. October and November see

2997-464: The art of Satyagraha , typified with a strict adherence to ahimsa (non-violence), and civil disobedience . This permitted common individuals to engage the British in revolution, without employing violence or other distasteful means. Gandhi's equally strict adherence to democracy, religious and ethnic equality and brotherhood, as well as activist rejection of caste-based discrimination and untouchability united people across these demographic lines for

3078-555: The boundaries of caste , linguistic groups and ethnicity. In 1925, K.B. Hedgewar founded the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh in Nagpur , Maharashtra, which grew into the largest civil organisation in the country, and the most potent, mainstream base of Hindu nationalism . Vinayak Damodar Savarkar coined the term Hindutva for his ideology that described India as a Hindu Rashtra , a Hindu nation. This ideology has become

3159-611: The cause among the population. Despite lack of direct leadership, large protests and demonstrations were held all over the country. Workers remained absent in large groups and strikes were called. The demonstrations sometimes turned violent. At some places bombs exploded, government buildings were set on fire, electricity was cut, and transport and communication lines were severed. The British swiftly responded with mass detentions. Over 100,000 arrests were made, mass fines were levied, and demonstrators were subjected to public flogging. Hundreds of civilians were killed in violence many shot by

3240-445: The central element of Indian life. Ethnic communities are diverse in terms of linguistics, social traditions and history across India. An important influence upon Hindu consciousness arises from the time of Islamic empires in India . Entering the 20th century, Hindus formed over 75% of the population and thus unsurprisingly the backbone and platform of the nationalist movement. Modern Hindu thinking desired to unite Hindu society across

3321-472: The city was under Tapti river waters, killing more than 120 people, stranding tens of thousands in their homes without food or electricity and closing businesses and schools for weeks. According to the 2011 census Surat district has a population of 6,081,322, roughly equal to the nation of El Salvador or the US state of Missouri . This gives it a ranking of 12th in India (out of a total of 640 ). The district has

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3402-657: The cornerstone of the political and religious agendas of modern Hindu nationalist bodies like the Bharatiya Janata Party and the Vishwa Hindu Parishad . Hindutva political demands include revoking Article 370 of the Constitution that grants a special semi-autonomous status to the Muslim-majority state of Kashmir , adopting a uniform civil code, thus ending a special legal frameworks for different religions in

3483-459: The country as a market and source of revenue had left the Indian Army relatively weak and poorly armed and trained and forced the British to become net contributors to India's budget, while taxes were sharply increased and the general level of prices doubled: although many Indian businesses benefited from increased war production, in general business "felt rebuffed by the government" and in particular

3564-507: The country. These particular demands are based upon ending laws that Hindu nationalists consider to be special treatment offered to different religions. In 1906–1907, the All-India Muslim League was founded, created due to the suspicion of Muslim intellectuals and religious leaders with the Indian National Congress , which was perceived as dominated by Hindu membership and opinions. However, Mahatma Gandhi 's leadership attracted

3645-537: The countryside and I am by no means confident that we may not see in September a formidable attempt to renew this widespread sabotage of our war effort. The lives of Europeans in outlying places are in jeopardy. When American Republican presidential candidate Wendell Willkie and YMCA official Sherwood Eddy planned to meet Gandhi, Linlithgow deemed it to be American interference in "our own business" and asked Churchill to dissuade them. The Indian nationalists knew that

3726-444: The establishment of Dominion, the establishment of a Constituent Assembly, and right of the provinces to make separate constitutions. However, these were to be only implemented after the cessation of the World War II. According to Congress, this declaration offered India an only promise that was to be fulfilled in the future. Commenting on this Gandhi said, "It is a post-dated cheque on a crashing bank." Other factors that contributed were

3807-754: The first time in India's history. The masses participated in India's independence struggle for the first time, and the membership of the Congress grew over tens of millions by the 1930s. In addition, Gandhi's victories in the Champaran and Kheda Satyagraha in 1918–19, gave confidence to a rising younger generation of Indian nationalists that India could gain independence from British rule. National leaders like Mahatma Gandhi , Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel , Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru , Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose , Maulana Azad , Chakravarti Rajagopalachari , Rajendra Prasad and Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan brought together generations of Indians across regions and demographics, and provided

3888-423: The hearts of the people, and I am sure it is going to be a short-lived partition." Acharya Kripalani , President of the Congress during the days of Partition, stated that making India "a strong, happy, democratic and socialist state" would ensure that "such an India can win back the seceding children to its lap... for the freedom we have achieved cannot be complete without the unity of India." Yet another leader of

3969-525: The instructions. The resignation of the ministers was an occasion of great joy and rejoicing for the leader of the Muslim League, Muhammad Ali Jinnah . He called the date i.e. 22 December 1939 The Day of Deliverance . Gandhi urged Jinnah against the celebration of this day, however, it was futile. At the Muslim League Lahore Session held in March 1940, Jinnah declared in his presidential address that

4050-504: The local populace were successful in establishing parallel government Tamluk National Government , which continued to function, until Gandhi personally requested the leaders to disband in 1944. A minor uprising took place in Ballia , now the easternmost district of Uttar Pradesh. People overthrew the district administration, broke open the jail, released the arrested Congress leaders and established their own independent rule. It took weeks before

4131-449: The maintenance and expansion of democracy, then she must necessarily end imperialism in her possessions and establish full democracy in India, and the Indian people have the right to self-determination... A free democratic India will gladly associate herself with other free nations for mutual defence against aggression and for economic co-operation. Gandhi had not supported this initiative, as he could not reconcile an endorsement for war (he

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4212-483: The matter for years with Jinnah's Muslim League, and that, anyway, they "expected that partition would be temporary, that Pakistan would come back to us." Gandhi also thought that the Partition would be undone. The All India Congress Committee , in a resolution adopted on 14 June 1947, openly stated that "geography and the mountains and the seas fashioned India as she is, and no human agency can change that shape or come in

4293-401: The movement as "by far the most serious rebellion since 1857". The All India Congress Committee launched a mass protest demanding what Gandhi called "An Orderly British Withdrawal" from India. Even though it was at war, Britain was prepared to act. Almost the entire leadership of the Indian National Congress was imprisoned without trial within hours of Gandhi's speech. Most spent the rest of

4374-531: The movement was withdrawn. Cripps' mission of March 1942 and its failure also played an important role in Gandhi's call for The Quit India Movement. In order to end the deadlock on 22 March 1942, the British government sent Sir Stafford Cripps to talk terms with the Indian political parties and secure their support in Britain's war efforts. A draft declaration of the British Government was presented, which included terms like

4455-415: The nation not to support the government in its war endeavours. The consequence of this satyagrahi campaign was the arrest of almost fourteen thousand satyagrahis. On 3 December 1941, the Viceroy ordered the acquittal of all the satyagrahis. In Europe the war situation became more critical with the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the Congress realised the necessity for appraising their program. Subsequently,

4536-536: The notion that Hindus and Muslims were distinct nations, other major leaders like Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari , Maulana Azad and most of Deobandi clerics strongly backed the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian independence struggle, opposing any notion of Muslim nationalism and separatism . The Muslim school of Indian nationalism failed to attract Muslim masses and the Islamic nationalist Muslim League enjoyed extensive popular political support. The state of Pakistan

4617-476: The outbreak of war between Germany and Britain, India became a party to the war by being a constituent component of the British Empire. Had enough Indian states agreed to form a Federal Government under the terms of the 1935 Act, then the Viceroy could not have acted unilaterally in declaring war on India's behalf. Following this declaration, the Congress Working Committee at its meeting on 10 October 1939, passed

4698-537: The participation of wise Hindu ministers and kings, and even religious scholars to debate in his court. The consolidation of the British East India Company 's rule in the Indian subcontinent during the 18th century brought about socio-economic changes which led to the rise of an Indian middle class and steadily eroded pre-colonial socio-religious institutions and barriers. The emerging economic and financial power of Indian business-owners and merchants and

4779-434: The party. A prominent Congress national leader, Chakravarti Rajgopalachari , quit the Congress over this decision, and so did some local and regional level organisers. Jawaharlal Nehru and Maulana Azad were apprehensive and critical of the call, but backed it and stuck with Gandhi's leadership until the end. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel , Rajendra Prasad and Anugrah Narayan Sinha openly and enthusiastically supported such

4860-412: The police army. Many national leaders went underground and continued their struggle by broadcasting messages over the clandestine radio stations, distributing pamphlets and establishing parallel governments. The British sense of crisis was strong enough for a battleship to be specifically set aside to take Gandhi and the Congress leaders out of India, possibly to South Africa or Yemen . However, that step

4941-404: The professional class brought them increasingly into conflict with the British authorities. A rising political consciousness among the native Indian social elite (including lawyers, doctors, university graduates, government officials and similar groups) spawned an Indian identity and fed a growing nationalist sentiment in India in the last decades of the nineteenth century. The creation in 1885 of

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5022-643: The refusal of the British Raj to give Indians a greater role in organising and mobilising the economy for wartime production. Subash Chandra Bose remarked that a "new chapter in Indian freedom struggle began with the Quit India Movement". After the onset of the world war, Bose had organised the Indian Legion in Germany , reorganised the Indian National Army with Japanese assistance and, soliciting help from

5103-754: The retreat of the monsoon and a return of high temperatures until late November. Winter starts in December and ends in late February, with average mean temperatures of around 23 °C (73 °F), and negligible rain. Since the 20th century, Surat has experienced 14 floods. In 1968, most parts of the city were flooded and in 1994 a flood caused a country-wide plague outbreak, Surat being the epicenter. In 1998, 30 per cent of Surat had gone under water due to flooding in Tapti river following release of water from Ukai dam located 90 km from Surat and in Aug, 2006 more than 95 per cent of

5184-477: The sectarian strands of Hindu nationalism and Muslim nationalism . Among antient texts, the Indian subcontinent came to be called Bharat under the rule of Bharata . The Maurya Empire was the first to unite all of India , and South Asia (including parts of Afghanistan ). Much of India has also been unified by later empires, such as the Mughal Empire , Maratha Empire . India's concept of nationhood

5265-452: The situation that may be created in the province as a result of any widespread movement launched by the Congress. Anybody, who during the war, plans to stir up mass feeling, resulting internal disturbances or insecurity, must be resisted by any Government that may function for the time being. In this way he managed to gain insights of the British government and effectively give information of the independence leaders. Mukherjee reiterated that

5346-501: The threat of Japanese invasion of India and the realisation of the national leaders of the incapacity of the British to defend India. The Congress Working Committee meeting at Wardha (14 July 1942) adopted a resolution demanding complete independence from the British government . The draft proposed massive civil disobedience if the British did not accede to the demands. It was passed at Bombay However, it proved to be controversial within

5427-567: The villages of Bardoli. The above details has been taken from Brief Industrial Profile of Surat District Quit India Movement Indian nationalists [REDACTED] British Empire Supported by: [REDACTED] Mahatma Gandhi [REDACTED] Jawaharlal Nehru [REDACTED] Abdul Ghaffar Khan [REDACTED] Winston Churchill [REDACTED] Lord Linlithgow [REDACTED] Muhammad Ali Jinnah [REDACTED] Vinayak Damodar Savarkar [REDACTED] Puran Chand Joshi The Quit India Movement

5508-608: The war and deterioration in the war situation in Europe and with growing dissatisfaction among Indian troops and among the civilian population in the sub-continent, the British government sent a delegation to India under Stafford Cripps , the Leader of the House of Commons , in what came to be known as the Cripps Mission . The purpose of the mission was to negotiate with the Indian National Congress

5589-667: The war in prison and out of contact with the masses. The British had the support of the Viceroy's Council , of the All India Muslim League , the Hindu Mahasabha , the princely states, the Indian Imperial Police , the British Indian Army , and the Indian Civil Service . Many Indian businessmen profiting from heavy wartime spending did not support the Quit India Movement. The major outside support came from

5670-484: The war the government would initiate modifications in the Act of 1935, in accordance with the desires of the Indians. Gandhi's reaction to this statement was; "the old policy of divide and rule is to continue. Congress has asked for bread and it has got stone." According to the instructions issued by High Command, the Congress ministers were directed to resign immediately. Congress ministers from eight provinces resigned following

5751-448: The war. Airfield construction was also delayed for four to six weeks. According to John F. Riddick, from 9 August 1942 to 21 September 1942, the Quit India Movement: At the national level the lack of leadership meant the ability to galvanise rebellion was limited. The movement had a local impact in some areas. especially at Satara in Maharashtra, Talcher in Odisha, and Midnapore . In Tamluk and Contai subdivisions of Midnapore,

5832-421: The way of its final destiny... at when present passions have subsided, India's problems will be viewed in their proper perspective and the false doctrine of two nations will be discredited and discarded by all." V.P. Menon , who had an important role in the transfer of power in 1947, quotes another major Congress politician, Abul Kalam Azad , who said that "the division is only of the map of the country and not in

5913-406: The weapon of satyagraha found popular acceptance as the best means to wage a crusade against the British. It was widely used as a mark of protest against the unwavering stance assumed by the British. Vinoba Bhave , a follower of Gandhi, was selected by him to initiate the movement. Anti-war speeches ricocheted in all corners of the country, with the satyagrahis earnestly appealing to the people of

5994-506: The working committee in September 1939, conditionally supporting the fight against the Axis, but were rebuffed when they asked for independence in return: If the war is to defend the status quo of imperialist possessions and colonies, of vested interest and privilege, then India can have nothing to do with it. If, however, the issue is democracy and world order based on democracy, then India is intensely interested in it... If Great Britain fights for

6075-553: Was a committed believer in non-violent resistance, used in the Indian Independence Movement and proposed even against Adolf Hitler , Benito Mussolini , and Hideki Tojo ). However, at the height of the Battle of Britain , Gandhi had stated his support for the fight against racism and of the British war effort, stating he did not seek to raise an independent India from the ashes of Britain. However, opinions remained divided. The long-term British policy of limiting investment in India and using

6156-634: Was a movement launched at the Bombay session of the All India Congress Committee by Mahatma Gandhi on 8 August 1942, during World War II , demanding an end to British rule in India . After the British failed to secure Indian support for the British war effort with the Cripps Mission , Gandhi made a call to Do or Die in his Quit India speech delivered in Bombay on 8 August 1942 at the Gowalia Tank Maidan . Viceroy Linlithgow described

6237-410: Was fuelled by peasants' resentment against the new war taxes and the forced rice exports. There was open resistance to the point of rebellion in 1942 until the great famine of 1943 suspended the movement in Bengal. One of the important achievements of the movement was keeping the Congress party united through all the trials and tribulations that followed. The British, already alarmed by the advance of

6318-539: Was fully developed during the Indian independence movement which campaigned for independence from British rule . Indian nationalism quickly rose to popularity in India through these united anti-colonial coalitions and movements. Independence movement figures like Mahatma Gandhi , Subhas Chandra Bose , and Jawaharlal Nehru spearheaded the Indian nationalist movement. After Indian Independence , Nehru and his successors continued to campaign on Indian nationalism in face of border wars with both China and Pakistan. After

6399-572: Was the nationalist movement, which grew particularly strong, radical and violent in Bengal and in Punjab . Notable but smaller movements also appeared in Maharashtra , Madras and other areas across the south. The controversial 1905 partition of Bengal escalated the growing unrest, stimulating radical nationalist sentiments and becoming a driving force for Indian revolutionaries. Mahatma Gandhi pioneered

6480-648: Was ultimately formed following the Partition of India . Indian nationalists led by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru wanted to make what was then British India, as well as the 562 princely states under British paramountcy, into a single secular, democratic state. The All India Azad Muslim Conference , which represented nationalist Muslims, gathered in Delhi in April 1940 to voice its support for an independent and united India . The British Government, however, sidelined

6561-504: Was ultimately not taken out of fear of intensifying the revolt. Leadership of the underground movement included names like Achyut Rao Patwardhan, Aruna Asaf Ali , Sucheta Kripalani , Daljit Singh and Nana Patil . Indian nationalism Indian nationalism is an instance of territorial nationalism , which is inclusive of all of the people of India, despite their diverse ethnic, linguistic and religious backgrounds . Indian nationalism can trace roots to pre-colonial India, but

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