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27-542: In Japan, those people with this rank are the chief of police of the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department , and highest nationwide. In South Korean police , the Superintendent General was lower than a senior superintendent general, and higher than senior superintendent . The police officers of this rank are deputy chief of local (provincial) police agency, and has six years to be promoted to

54-711: A fire company, fire authority , fire district , fire and rescue , or fire service in some areas, is an organization that provides fire prevention and fire suppression services as well as other rescue services. Fire departments are most commonly a public sector organization that operate within a municipality, county, state, nation, or special district. Private and specialist firefighting organizations also exist, such as those for aircraft rescue and firefighting . A fire department contains one or more fire stations within its boundaries, and may be staffed by firefighters , who may be professional , volunteers , conscripts , or on-call . Combination fire departments employ

81-488: A murder–suicide . In 2014, the chief of Kamata Police Station in Ōta was disciplined after a police officer assigned there committed suicide following severe workplace harassment . The TMPD is under the command of a Superintendent-General and reports directly to the Tokyo Metropolitan Public Safety Commission. The Superintendent-General can be appointed and replaced at any time as long as

108-585: A civil service to the public, obliging private fire companies to shut down, many merging their fire stations into the city's fire department. In 1833, London's ten independent brigades all merged to form the London Fire Engine Establishment (LFEE), with James Braidwood as the Chief Officer. Braidwood had previously been the fire chief in Edinburgh , where the world's first municipal fire service

135-408: A durable plaque that would be affixed to the building exterior. Although a popular legend says a company's fire brigade would not extinguish a burning building if it did not have the correct fire mark, there is little evidence to support this; evidence shows insurance companies required their firefighters to fight every fire they encountered. Amsterdam also had a sophisticated firefighting system in

162-562: A fire department varies greatly by country. In the United States, firefighting is usually organized on a municipal level. Some municipalities belong to "fire protection districts" that are served by the same fire department, such as the San Ramon Valley Fire Protection District . Austria, Germany and Canada also organize fire services at a municipal level. In France , fire services mostly cover one department . In

189-437: A mix of professional and volunteer firefighters. In some countries, fire departments may also run an ambulance service , staffed by volunteer or professional EMS personnel . Fire departments are organized in a system of administration, services, training, and operations; for example: A fire service is normally set up where it can have fire stations, fire engines and other relevant equipment strategically deployed throughout

216-671: A nationwide instrument of government control, and their increasing involvement in political affairs was one of the foundations of the authoritarian state in the Empire of Japan during the first half of the 20th century. By the 1920s and 1930s, police across Japan, including the TMPD, were responsible not only for law enforcement and public security , but also firefighting , labor dispute mediation, censorship , upholding public morality , issuing permits, and government regulation of businesses, construction, and public health . When Japan surrendered at

243-447: Is 18 stories tall, and is a large wedge-shaped building with a cylindrical tower. The HQ building is located opposite of Sakurada Gate , so it is also metonymically called "Sakurada Gate". The TMPD was established by Japanese statesman Kawaji Toshiyoshi in 1874. Kawaji, who had helped establish the earlier rasotsu in 1871 following the disestablishment of the Edo period police system ,

270-741: Is the largest police force in Japan by number of officers, with a staff of more than 40,000 police officers and over 2,800 civilian personnel. The TMPD is headed by a Superintendent-General, who is appointed by the National Public Safety Commission and approved by the Prime Minister . It manages 10 divisions and 102 stations across the Metropolis. The TMPD's headquarters are located in Kasumigaseki , Chiyoda , Tokyo . Built in 1980, it

297-467: The Halifax Regional Fire and Emergency , which is today Canada's oldest fire department. In 1764, Haddonfield, New Jersey established the second oldest fire company in the United States. Another early American fire department, staffed by unpaid volunteers, was established in the city of Petersburg, Virginia in 1773. In the 19th century, cities began to form their own fire departments as

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324-506: The 17th century after the Great Fire of London in 1666. The first insurance brigades were established the following year. Others began to realize that a lot of money could be made from this practice, and ten more insurance companies set up in London before 1832: The Alliance, Atlas, Globe, Imperial, London, Protector, Royal Exchange, Sun Union and Westminster. Each company had its own fire mark ,

351-508: The TMPD announced the establishment of the Water Response Team in order to police bodies of water near G20 summit venues. In 1978, the TMPD was investigated when a uniformed officer killed a female university student inside her residence. In 1997, an officer was caught falsifying evidence in an amphetamine investigation. In 2007, the TMPD was under scrutiny when a serving TMPD officer used his officially-issued firearm to commit

378-489: The TMPD was limited to the 23 wards of Tokyo , but the "Metropolitan" part of the name remained. Police firefighting duties were also split off to independent fire departments , with the TMPD's Fire Bureau developing into the Tokyo Fire Department in 1948. However, issues concerning manpower and efficiency among smaller and spread out municipalities arose, so in 1954 the amended Police Law ( 警察法 , Keisatsu-hō )

405-819: The United Kingdom, most fire services cover one or more counties , while Scotland and Northern Ireland each have a single fire service. In Australia, state governments run the fire services, although three states have separate agencies for metropolitan and rural areas. Poland, the Czech Republic, Israel, Italy, New Zealand, and the Philippines have national fire and rescue services. Fire departments may also provide other, more specialized emergency services, such as aircraft rescue and firefighting , hazardous materials response, technical rescue , search and rescue , and wildland firefighting . In some countries or regions (e.g.,

432-496: The United States, Germany, Japan, Hong Kong, Macau), fire departments can be responsible for providing emergency medical services . The EMS personnel may either be cross-trained as firefighters or a separate division of emergency medical technicians and paramedics . While some services act only as "first responders" to medical emergencies, stabilizing victims until an ambulance can arrive, other fire services also operate ambulance services . The earliest known firefighting service

459-503: The area it serves, so that dispatchers can send fire engines, fire trucks, or ambulances from the fire stations closest to the incident. Larger departments have branches within themselves to increase efficiency, composed of volunteers, support, and research. Most places are covered by a public sector fire department, which is established by a local or national government and funded by taxation. Even volunteer fire departments may still receive some government funding. The typical size of

486-686: The colonies' first fire insurance company in Philadelphia named the Philadelphia Contributionship, as well as its associated Union Volunteer Fire Company , which was an unpaid (volunteer) company. A document dated in 1686 informs about the payment system of four so called "fire servants" (German: Feuerknecht ) in Vienna , which is the official founding year of the Vienna Fire Department. In 1754, Halifax, Nova Scotia established

513-534: The end of World War II , the TMPD was placed under Allied control in occupied Japan . The Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers viewed the existing Japanese police system as undemocratic and sought to reform it, so in 1947 the Old Police Law ( 旧警察法 , Kyū keisatsu-hō ) was passed, decentralizing Japanese police and reorganizing them into municipal police and rural police ; as a municipal police force,

540-590: The late 17th century, under the direction of artist Jan van der Heyden , who had improved the designs of both fire hoses and fire pumps. The city of Boston, Massachusetts established America's first publicly funded, paid fire department in 1678. Fire insurance made its debut in the American colonies in South Carolina in 1736, but it was Benjamin Franklin who imported the London model of insurance. He established

567-475: The next rank. This law enforcement –related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department The Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department ( TMPD ) ( 警視庁 , Keishichō ) , known locally as simply the Metropolitan Police Department ( MPD ), is the prefectural police of Tokyo Metropolis , Japan . Founded in 1874, the TMPD

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594-681: The prime minister and the TMPSC receives their approval. Since the TMPD is autonomous, it does not operate under the authority of any Regional Police Bureau. The TMPD has nine bureaus that report to the Deputy Superintendent General: The TMPD also operates its own academy, the Metropolitan Police Academy . The ranks used in the TMPD have been slightly revised in 2013, changing only the English translation of some of

621-441: The ranks used by the force. Otherwise, these ranks have been observed throughout its history. (Note that Deputy Superintendent-General is, strictly speaking, a post rather than a rank). 35°40′37″N 139°45′08″E  /  35.67694°N 139.75222°E  / 35.67694; 139.75222 Fire department A fire department ( North American English ) or fire brigade ( Commonwealth English ), also known as

648-611: Was formed in Ancient Rome by Marcus Egnatius Rufus who used his slaves to provide a free fire service. These men fought fires using bucket chains and also patrolled the streets with the authority to impose corporal punishment upon those who violated fire-prevention codes. The Emperor Augustus established a public fire department in 24 BCE, composed of 600 slaves distributed amongst seven fire stations in Rome. Fire departments were again formed by property insurance companies beginning in

675-580: Was founded in 1824, and he is now regarded, along with Van der Heyden, as one of founders of modern firefighting. The LFEE then was incorporated into the city's Metropolitan Fire Brigade in 1865 under Eyre Massey Shaw . In 1879, the University of Notre Dame established the first University-based fire department in the United States. The first motorized fire department was organized in 1906 in Springfield, Massachusetts , where Knox Automobile had developed

702-574: Was part of the Iwakura Mission to Europe , where he gathered information on Western policing; he was mostly inspired by the police of France , especially the National Gendarmerie on which the rasotsu were based. On 9 January 1874, the TMPD was established as part of the Home Ministry , with Kawaji serving as its first Superintendent-General. By the 1880s, the police had developed into

729-769: Was passed, reunifying the police into prefectural divisions under the National Police Agency ; as part of the amendment, the TMPD regained jurisdiction over the Tokyo metropolitan area. In 2017, the TMPD established the Cyber Attack Countermeasures Center, consisting of 100 officers from the Cyber Attack Special Investigation Unit, originally from the PSB. To prepare for the G20 summit in 2019,

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