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39-505: Sundre takes its name from a town in Norway, the original home of Nels T. Hagen, the town's first postmaster. Sundre's first postmaster, Nels T. Hagen, arrived in 1906. Sundre incorporated as a village in 1950 and then as a town in 1956. In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , the Town of Sundre had a population of 2,672 living in 1,187 of its 1,270 total private dwellings,

78-408: A change of -2.1% from its 2016 population of 2,729. With a land area of 10.84 km (4.19 sq mi), it had a population density of 246.5/km (638.4/sq mi) in 2021. In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Town of Sundre recorded a population of 2,729 living in 1,188 of its 1,256 total private dwellings, a 4.6% change from its 2011 population of 2,610. With

117-435: A land area of 11.11 km (4.29 sq mi), it had a population density of 245.6/km (636.2/sq mi) in 2016. The Town of Sundre's 2012 municipal census counted a population of 2,695. Main industries in the area are petroleum production, forestry, agriculture, and ranching. The combined service, hospitality and tourism sector constitutes a major employment base within the community, as well. With two public schools,

156-614: A language immersion school (pre-K to grade 8) in Kanienʼkéha to revive the language. With their children learning it, parents and other family members are taking language classes, too. The radio station CKON-FM (97.3 on-air in Hogansburg, New York and Saint Regis, Quebec and widely available online through streaming), licensed by the Akwesasne Mohawk Nation, broadcasts portions of its programming in Kanienʼkéha . The call sign

195-562: A large number of morphemes . Mohawk expresses a number of distinctions on its pronominal elements: person (1st, 2nd, 3rd), number (singular, dual, plural), gender (masculine, feminine/indefinite, feminine/neuter) and inclusivity/exclusivity on the first person dual and plural. Pronominal information is encoded in prefixes on the verbs; separate pronoun words are used for emphasis. There are three main paradigms of pronominal prefixes: subjective (with dynamic verbs), objective (with stative verbs), and transitive. There are three core components to

234-467: A noun. For example: 1) oʼ nenste "corn" 2) o ienʼkwa "tobacco" Here, the prefix o- is generally found on nouns found in natural environments. Another prefix exists which marks objects that are made by humans. 3) ka nhoha "door" 4) kaʼ khare "slip, skirt" Here, the prefix ka- is generally found on human-made things. Phonological variation amongst the Mohawk dialects also gives rise to

273-508: A population of 35,151,728. Three provinces' and one territory's population grew faster than Canada's overall population increase: Yukon – a 12.1 per cent increase, Prince Edward Island – an 8 per cent increase, British Columbia – a 7.6 per cent increase, and Ontario – a 5.8 per cent increase. The rapid growth in Yukon is largely credited to immigration and migration from within Canada. At the other end of

312-640: A public hospital, a Royal Canadian Mounted Police detachment, three municipalities in close proximity (Town of Sundre, Mountain View County, and Clearwater County), the public sector also represents a substantial employment area. Cultural venues within Sundre include the Sundre Municipal Library and the Sundre & District Pioneer Village Museum, which features "Chester Mjolsness' World of Wildlife" natural history exhibit of 150 taxidermy animals from across

351-546: A short documentary film released in 2016 that explores personal experiences with Mohawk language revitalization in Tyendinaga , a Mohawk community roughly 200 kilometres east of Toronto , Ontario, Canada. The film was set to be shown at the 4th annual Ethnografilm festival in Paris, France . The Mohawk language is used in the 2017 film Mohawk , the 1991 film Black Robe , and the 2020 television series Barkskins . The language

390-493: Is a reference to the Mohawk word "sekon" (or "she:kon"), which means "hello". A Mohawk language immersion school was established. Mohawk parents, concerned with the lack of culture-based education in public and parochial schools, founded the Akwesasne Freedom School in 1979. Six years later, the school implemented a Mohawk language immersion curriculum based on a traditional cycle of fifteen seasonal ceremonies, and on

429-887: Is a small Mohawk community on the north bank of the Mohawk River , west of Fonda, New York . Kanatsiohareke was created to be a " Carlisle Indian Boarding School in Reverse", teaching Mohawk language and culture. Located at the ancient homeland of the Kanienkehaka (Mohawk), it was re-established in September 1993 under the leadership of Thomas R. Porter (Sakokwenionkwas-"The One Who Wins"). The community must raise their own revenue and frequently hold cultural presentations, workshops, and academic events, including an annual Strawberry Festival. A craft shop on site features genuine handmade Native crafts from all over North America. The primary mission of

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468-462: Is located near Montreal, many individuals speak both English and French, and this has contributed to a decline in the use of Mohawk language over the past century. The Mohawk Survival School, the first immersion program was established in 1979. The school's mission was to revitalize Mohawk language. To examine how successful the program had been, questionnaire was given to the Kahnawake residents following

507-429: The 2016 Canadian census , which recorded a population of 35,151,728. The overall response rate was 98%, which is slightly lower than the response rate for the 2016 census. It recorded a population of 36,991,981, a 5.2% increase from 2016. It will be succeeded by Canada's 2026 census . Consultation on census program content was from September 11 to December 8, 2017. The census was conducted by Statistics Canada , and

546-474: The 2021 census are: Statistics Canada links income and related information obtained from the Canada Revenue Agency , and immigration status obtained from Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada , to the census responses. The 2021 Canadian census included new questions "critical to measuring equity, diversity and inclusivity". For the first time, questions were asked about commuting methods and

585-671: The Flint Place") is an Iroquoian language currently spoken by around 3,500 people of the Mohawk nation , located primarily in current or former Haudenosaunee territories, predominately Canada (southern Ontario and Quebec ), and to a lesser extent in the United States (western and northern New York ). The word "Mohawk" is an exonym . In the Mohawk language, the people say that they are from Kanien:ke ('Mohawk Country' or "Flint Stone Place") and that they are Kanienʼkehá꞉ka "People of

624-672: The Flint Stone Place" or "People of the Flint Nation". The Mohawks were extremely wealthy traders, as other nations in their confederacy needed their flint for tool-making. Their Algonquian-speaking neighbors (and competitors), the People of Muh-heck Heek Ing ("food-area place"), a people called by the Dutch " Mohicans " or "Mahicans", called the People of Ka-nee-en Ka "Maw Unk Lin" or Bear People . The Dutch heard and wrote that as "Mohawks" and so

663-544: The Mohawk Thanksgiving Address , or Ohén꞉ton Karihwatékwen, "The words before all else." Every morning, teachers and students gather in the hallway to recite the Thanksgiving Address in Mohawk. An adult immersion program was also created in 1985 to address the issue of intergenerational fluency decline of the Mohawk language. Kanatsiohareke (Gah-nah-jo-ha-lay-gay), meaning "Place of the clean pot",

702-509: The Mohawk proposition: the noun, the predicate, and the particle. Mohawk words can be composed of many morphemes. What is expressed in English in many words can often be expressed by just one Mohawk word, a phenomenon known as polysynthesis . Nouns are given the following form in Mohawk: Noun prefixes give information relating to gender, animacy, number and person, and identify the word as

741-557: The People of Kan-ee-en Ka are often referred to as Mohawks . The Dutch also referred to the Mohawk as Egils or Maquas . The French adapted those terms as Aigniers or Maquis , or called them by the generic Iroquois . The Mohawks were the largest and most powerful of the original Five Nations , controlling a vast area of land on the eastern frontier of the Iroquois Confederacy. The North Country and Adirondack region of present-day Upstate New York would have constituted

780-423: The census counted transgender people and people of non-binary gender . Canada has been noted in this instance to be the first country to provide census data on transgender and non-binary people. The 2021 census recorded a total federal population of 36,991,981, living in 14,978,941 of its 16,284,235 private dwellings. With a land area of 8,788,702.80 km (3,393,337.12 sq mi), its population density

819-783: The census questionnaire. The questionnaires could be completed by returning the paper questionnaire, or by phone or online by using an access code provided in the mailing. Statistics Canada expected about 80% of households to complete the questionnaire online. It was also available in large-print , braille , audio, and video formats. The questionnaire questions were available in a number of languages ( Arabic , simplified and traditional Chinese, Italian , Korean , Persian , Portuguese , Punjabi , Russian , Spanish , Urdu , and Vietnamese ) and indigenous languages ( Atikamekw , Denesuline , Nunavik and Nunavut Inuktitut , Mohawk , Montagnais , Naskapi , Northern Quebec Cree , Ojibwe , Oji-Cree , Plains Cree , Swampy Cree , and Tłı̨chǫ ), but

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858-484: The community is to try to preserve traditional values, culture, language and lifestyles in the guidance of the Kaienerekowa (Great Law of Peace). Kanatsiohareke, Inc. is a non-profit organization under IRS code 501c3. In 2006, over 600 people were reported to speak the language in Canada, many of them elderly. Kahnawake is located at a metropolitan location, near central Montreal , Quebec , Canada. As Kahnawake

897-659: The end of a word or before a voiceless sound. /s/ is voiced word initially and between vowels. Mohawk has oral and nasalized vowels ; four vowel qualities occur in oral phonemes /i e a o/ , and two only occur as nasalized vowels ( /ʌ̃ ũ/ ). Vowels can be long or short. Mohawk words have both stress and tone , and it can be classified as a restricted tone system (aka pitch-accent system). Stressed vowels carry one of four tonal configurations, two of which are contour tones : high, low, rising and falling tones. Contour tones only occur in syllables with long vowels. Stress, vowel length and tone are connected in Mohawk phonology. In

936-625: The first year. The results indicated that teaching towards younger generation have been successful and showed an increase in the ability to speak the language in private settings, as well as an increase in the mixing of Mohawk in English conversations were found. In 2011, there were approximately 3,500 speakers of Mohawk, primarily in Quebec, Ontario and western New York. Immersion (monolingual) classes for young children at Akwesasne and other reserves are helping to train new first-language speakers. The importance of immersion classes among parents grew after

975-422: The following consonant clusters. All clusters can occur word-medially; those on a tinted background can also occur word-initially. ⟨th⟩ and ⟨sh⟩ are pronounced as consonant clusters, not single sounds like in English thing and she . The consonants /k/, /t/ and the clusters /ts kw/ are pronounced voiced before any voiced sound (i.e. a vowel or /j/ ). They are voiceless at

1014-658: The game's main character, the half-Mohawk, half-Welsh Ratonhnhaké꞉ton , also called Connor, and members of his native Kanièn꞉ke village around the times of the American Revolution . Ratonhnhaké꞉ton was voiced and modelled by Crow actor Noah Bulaagawish Watts . Hiawatha , the leader of the Iroquoian civilization in Sid Meier's Civilization V , voiced by Kanentokon Hemlock, speaks modern Mohawk. The stories of Mohawk language learners are also chronicled in 'Raising The Words',

1053-556: The greater part of the Mohawk-speaking area lasting until the end of the 18th century. The Mohawk language is currently classified as threatened, and the number of native speakers has continually declined over the past several years. Mohawk has the largest number of speakers among the Northern Iroquoian languages, and today it is the only one with more than a thousand remaining speakers. At Akwesasne , residents have founded

1092-603: The language is represented, and the clusters /ts(i)/ , /tj/ , and /ky/ are written as pronounced in each community. The orthography matches the phonological analysis as above except: The low-macron accent is not a part of standard orthography and is not used in the Central or Eastern dialects. In standard orthography, ⟨h⟩ is written before ⟨n⟩ to create the [en] or [on] : kehnhó꞉tons 'I am closing it'. Mohawk words tend to be longer on average than words in English, primarily because they consist of

1131-709: The major Mohawk territories since the eighteenth century. The pronunciation of /r/ and several consonant clusters may differ in the dialects. The phoneme inventory of Mohawk is as follows (using the International Phonetic Alphabet ). An interesting feature of Mohawk (and Iroquoian) phonology is that there are no labials (m, p, b, f, v), except in a few adoptions from French and English, where [m] and [p] appear (e.g., mátsis "matches" and aplám "Abraham"); these sounds are late additions to Mohawk phonology and were introduced after widespread European contact. The Central ( Ahkwesáhsne ) dialect has

1170-563: The passage of Bill 101 , and in 1979 the Mohawk Survival School was established to facilitate language training at the high school level. Kahnawake and Kanatsiohareke offer immersion classes for adults. In the 2016 Canadian census, 875 people said Mohawk was their only mother tongue. Mohawk dialogue features prominently in Ubisoft Montreal 's 2012 action-adventure open world video game Assassin's Creed III , through

1209-422: The prefix ga- . Noun roots are similar to nouns in English in that the noun root in Mohawk and the noun in English have similar meanings. (Caughnawaha) 5) –eri- "heart" 6) –hi- "river" 7) –itshat- "cloud" These noun roots are bare. There is no information other than the noun root itself. Morphemes cannot occur individually. That is, to be well-formed and grammatical, -eri- needs pronominal prefixes, or

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1248-432: The questionnaire had to be completed in either English or French. The standard short-form questionnaire was to be completed by 75% of households. The other 25% completed a long-form questionnaire to collect data about the household's economic and social state, information about the occupied dwelling, and other data in addition to age, languages spoken, marital status, religious affiliation, and other basic data collected in

1287-469: The short-form questionnaire. Those who completed the census questionnaire online could listen to a number of soundtracks on Spotify and YouTube prepared by Statistics Canada. Completing the questionnaire is a legal requirement, and those who refuse to do so may be fined up to $ 500. It must be completed by citizens of Canada, permanent residents, refugee claimants, and those with a study or work permit. The release dates for data by release topic from

1326-667: The spectrum, only one province and one territory saw a decrease in population since 2016: Newfoundland and Labrador – a 1.8 per cent decrease, and the Northwest Territories — a 1.7 per cent decrease. The majority of Canadians identified as female at 50.73%, while 49.27% of the population identified as male. The median age overall was 41.6 years – 40.4 years for males and 42.8 years for females. 59,460 Canadians identify as transgender and 41,355 identify as non-binary. Mohawk language Mohawk ( / ˈ m oʊ h ɔː k / ) or Kanienʼkéha ("[language] of

1365-428: The standard spelling, a colon is placed after a vowel to lengthen it. There are 4 tones: mid, high, mid-low falling and mid-high rising, the latter two appear on long vowels (marked as V:). Mohawk orthography uses the following letters: ⟨a e h i k n o r s t w y⟩ along with ⟨’⟩ and ⟨꞉⟩ . The orthography was standardized in 1993. The standard allows for some variation of how

1404-478: The world. The Sundre Arts Development Centre is also a prominent cultural venue located with Sundre; the building is operated by the non-profit Sundre Allied Arts Society, as a venue to host live music, theatre productions, dance, and other performing arts. 2021 Canadian census The 2021 Canadian census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population with a reference date of May 11, 2021. It follows

1443-493: Was 4.21/km (10.90/sq mi). Canada's most- and least-populated provinces were Ontario and Prince Edward Island , respectively. Amongst the three territories, the Northwest Territories was the largest in terms of population, while Nunavut once again became the smallest territory after briefly overtaking Yukon in 2016. The population of Canada rose by 5.2 per cent federally since the 2016 census, which recorded

1482-623: Was contactless as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada . The agency had considered delaying the census until 2022. About 900 supervisors and 31,000 field enumerators were hired to conduct the door-to-door survey of individuals and households who had not completed the census questionnaire by late May or early June. Canvassing agents wore masks and maintained a physical distance to comply with COVID-19 safety regulations. In early May 2021, Statistics Canada began sending mailings to households throughout Canada containing instructions for completing

1521-553: Was used throughout in the Marvel Studios animated series What If...? , in the season 2 episode " What If... Kahhori Reshaped the World? ", where they introduce an original Mohawk superhero named Kahhori. Mohawk has three major dialects: Western ( Ohswé:ken and Kenhté:ke ), Central ( Ahkwesáhsne ), and Eastern ( Kahnawà꞉ke and Kanehsatà꞉ke ); the differences between them are largely phonological. These are related to

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