55-524: Sumpter Township may refer to: Sumpter Township, Bradley County, Arkansas , in Bradley County, Arkansas Sumpter Township, Cumberland County, Illinois Sumpter Township, Wayne County, Michigan [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
110-502: A large expedition with the intention of founding a colony at the mouth of the Mississippi. The expedition did not succeed in this goal; they actually founded a settlement in the vicinity of present-day Victoria, Texas , but even this was short-lived. In May 1716, Scottish economist John Law , who had been appointed Controller General of Finances of France under the Duke of Orléans , created
165-504: A monopoly on trade and mineral wealth. The Company boomed on paper. Law was given the title Duc d'Arkansas. In 1699 the French formed the first permanent European settlement in Louisiana (New France) , at Fort Maurepas . They were under the direction of Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville . The first capital of New France from 1702 until 1711 was La Mobile , after which the capital was relocated to
220-416: A village of 4 and 5 rooms houses for its employees. A Southern Lumber Company mill was at the west end of Pine Street. That plant employed about 400 people to make oak and pine flooring. The company also owned a village for its employees. Bradley County is located in southeastern Arkansas, and is bordered by Union County to the southwest, Calhoun County to the west, Drew County to the east, Ashley County to
275-517: Is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas . As of the 2020 census , the population was 10,545. The county seat is Warren . It is Arkansas's 43rd county, formed on December 18, 1840, and named for Captain Hugh Bradley , who fought in the War of 1812 . Bradley County is a dry county , which means that the sale of alcoholic beverages is prohibited within the county. However, some cities within
330-532: Is little evidence of any European activity in the Ouachita River valley until the latter 17th century. The map of the "Route de Thionville" across Bradley County, Arkansas, the Ouachita River , the Saline river , and Bayou Bartholomew is show at Spanish Texas . See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Adaie.jpg Louis XIV's long reign and wars had nearly bankrupted the French monarchy. Rather than reduce spending,
385-562: The Banque Générale Privée ("General Private Bank"). It was one of the first European financial institutions to develop the use of paper money . It was a private bank , but three-quarters of the capital consisted of government bills and government-accepted notes. In August 1717, Law bought the Mississippi Company to help the French colony in Louisiana . In the same year Law conceived a joint-stock trading company called
440-472: The 2000 census , there were 12,600 people, 13,103 households and 9,346 families living in the county. The population density was 19 per square mile (7.3/km ). There were 7,002 housing units at an average density of 9 per square mile (3.5/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 53.36% White , 39.63% Black or African American , 0.24% Native American , 0.06% Asian , 0.01% Pacific Islander , 4.91% from other races , and 0.75% from two or more races. 4.25% of
495-698: The Banque Royale (Royal Bank) in 1718, meaning the notes were guaranteed by the king, Louis XV of France . The company absorbed the Compagnie des Indes Orientales ("Company of the East Indies"), the Compagnie de Chine ("Company of China"), and other rival trading companies and became the Compagnie Perpétuelle des Indes "Perpetual Company of the Indies"), on 23 May 1719 with a monopoly of French commerce on all
550-692: The Compagnie d'Occident (The Mississippi Company, or, literally, "Company of [the] West"). Law was named the Chief Director of this new company, which was granted a trade monopoly of the West Indies and North America by the French government. The company was involved in the Atlantic slave trade , importing African slaves to points as far North as modern Illinois along the Mississippi River. The bank became
605-664: The Company of the West from 1717, and the Company of the Indies from 1719 ) was a corporation holding a business monopoly in French colonies in North America and the West Indies. In 1717, the Mississippi Company received a royal grant with exclusive trading rights for 25 years. The rise and fall of the company is connected with the activities of the Scottish financier and economist John Law who
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#1733104533870660-507: The Treaty of San Ildefonso (Louisiana had been a Spanish colony since 1762.) However, the treaty was kept secret, and Louisiana remained under Spanish control until a transfer of power to France on November 30, 1803, just three weeks before the cession to the United States. James Monroe and Robert R. Livingston traveled to Paris to negotiate the purchase in 1802. Their interest was only in
715-484: The United States census does list Arkansas population based on townships (sometimes referred to as "county subdivisions" or "minor civil divisions"). Townships are also of value for historical purposes in terms of genealogical research. Each town or city is within one or more townships in an Arkansas county based on census maps and publications. The townships of Bradley County are listed below; listed in parentheses are
770-606: The " Prairie des Canots ". Many Louisiana Creole people arrived in Louisiana following the Slave Uprising led by Toussaint Breda (later called L'Overture) in 1791 in Ste. Dominique, later called Haiti. In 1801, Spanish Governor Don Juan Manuel de Salcedo took over for Governor Calvo , and the right to deposit goods from the United States was fully restored. Napoleon Bonaparte returned Louisiana to French control from Spain in 1800, under
825-613: The Cumberland River. They went west of Prairie D'Ane along the Red River near Shreveport, Louisiana. But the floods of the Red River caused diseases and fevers to the point of discouraging the inhabitants. Around the year 1824, Ike Pennington started a settlement two miles north of where Warren now stands. Captain Hugh Bradley moved to what was then Clark County in 1825. By 1826 they had all settled permanently near Pennington and had begun their permanent residences. In early years, there
880-597: The European population. Law encouraged some German-speaking people, including Alsatians and Swiss , to emigrate. They gave their names to the German Coast and the Lac des Allemands in Louisiana. Prisoners were set free in Paris from September 1719 onwards, and encouraged by Law to marry young women recruited in hospitals. In May 1720, after complaints from the Mississippi Company and
935-647: The Europeans ignored the vast Ouachita Valley, which extended from the area around Hot Springs, Arkansas southward towards the Mississippi River in Louisiana. This changed with the 1779–1782 war between England and Spain. After their defeat at the Battle of Baton Rouge in 1779, the English yielded control of Natchez to the Spaniards, and this led to several years of fighting as the English settlers resisted Spanish rule over them. After
990-540: The French government was forced to admit that the number of paper notes being issued by the Banque Royale exceeded the value of the amount of metal coinage it held. The market price of company shares eventually reached the peak of 10,000 livres. As the shareholders were selling their shares, the money supply in France suddenly doubled, and inflation burgeoned. Inflation reached a monthly rate of 23% in January 1720. Opponents of
1045-655: The Germans rich lands on the right bank of the Mississippi River about 25 miles above New Orleans. The area is now known as 'the German Coast '." Sweden lost Swedish Livonia, Swedish Estonia and Ingria to Russia almost 100 years later, by the Capitulation of Estonia and Livonia in 1710 and the Treaty of Nystad in 1721. Charles Frederic D'Arensbourg emigrated to Louisiana in 1721 with thirty officers. They would rather move to Louisiana, instead of living as Russians. European interest in
1100-701: The Powells that year, as did Robert Pulley (who was pastor of Holly Springs Baptist Church) and the Jarrett family. Jefferson Singer, who had lived in Bradley County since 1840, acquired the Powell Farm at a later date. A post office for Hermitage was established in 1854. The name of the town was to honor President Andrew Jackson, whose home in Nashville, Tennessee was called The Hermitage. The Bradley Lumber Company began logging
1155-663: The Regency of Louis XV of France endorsed the monetary theories of John Law, a Scottish financier. In 1716, Law was given a charter for the Banque Royale under which the national debt was assigned to the bank in return for extraordinary privileges. The key to the Banque Royale agreement was that the national debt would be paid from revenues derived from opening the Mississippi Valley. The Bank was tied to other ventures of Law—the Company of
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#17331045338701210-565: The Spaniards took possession of Louisiana in the late 1760s. The third wave of European settlers were actually descendants of the second wave, mostly true Louisiana Creoles born near the Point Coupee and Opelousas Posts. Additionally, a few Canadians came down the river from the Arkansas Post, and a few native French traders also operated along the river in the 1770s. Prior to 1782, with the exception of occasional failed colonization schemes,
1265-588: The West and the Companies of the Indies. All were known as the Mississippi Company. The Mississippi Company had a monopoly on trade and mineral wealth. The Company boomed on paper. Law was given the title Duc d'Arkansas. Bernard de la Harpe and his party left New Orleans in 1719 to explore the Red River. In 1721, he explored the Arkansas River. At the Yazoo settlements in Mississippi he was joined by Jean Benjamin who became
1320-643: The available farmland of northwestern Louisiana and southwestern Arkansas, settlers from the Gulf Coast states most often crossed the Mississippi River at Natchez, then came up the Ouachita River. During the war of 1812, Captain Hugh Bradley had frequent conversations with Spaniards who had explored the Red River country. The Spaniards told of the richness and wildness of that area. About 1817, Captain Hugh Bradley, Ike Pennington, James Turner, Charles H. Ceay, and James Beard with their families moved using keelboats on
1375-436: The border with Louisiana. As of the 2020 United States census , there were 10,545 people, 4,419 households, and 2,827 families residing in the county. As of the 2010 census , there were 11,508 people living in the county. 60.3% were White , 27.6% Black or African American , 0.5% Native American , 0.2% Asian , 10.1% of some other race and 1.3% of two or more races . 13.2% were Hispanic or Latino (of any race). As of
1430-539: The cities, towns, and/or census-designated places that are fully or partially inside the township. Bradley County is within the Arkansas Timberlands which is within the Piney Woods . 33°29′39″N 92°08′42″W / 33.49417°N 92.14500°W / 33.49417; -92.14500 Mississippi Company The Mississippi Company ( French : Compagnie du Mississippi ; founded 1684, named
1485-595: The commandant. Filhiol served in this capacity between 1782 and 1804, and through his service helped to keep a firm Spanish grip on activities in the region. Filhiol, his new wife, and a few others arrived in the Ouachita country in April 1782. He traveled up the river, past present-day Union Parish, to the old trading post called “Ecore a Fabri” (now Camden ). For various reasons, after a few years Filhiol decided not to build his headquarters there and took his group back down river to
1540-402: The concessioners about this class of French immigrants, the French government prohibited such deportations. However, there was a third shipment of prisoners in 1721. Law exaggerated the wealth of Louisiana with an effective marketing scheme, which led to wild speculation on the shares of the company in 1719. The scheme promised success for the Mississippi Company by combining investor fervor and
1595-409: The county, such as Warren and Hermitage, may have their own laws allowing for the sale of alcohol within their city limits. Indigenous peoples of various cultures had lived along the rivers of Arkansas for thousands of years and created complex societies. Mississippian culture peoples built massive earthwork mounds along the Ouachita River beginning about 1000 CE . The Felsenthal refuge at
1650-480: The financier attempted to convert their notes into specie (gold and silver) en masse , forcing the bank to stop payment on its paper notes. The "bubble" burst at the end of 1720. By September 1720 the price of shares in the company had fallen to 2,000 livres and to 1,000 by December. By September 1721 share prices had dropped to 500 livres, where they had been at the beginning. Thornton explained why Law's scheme failed: "He forgot that there might be no bounds to
1705-450: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sumpter_Township&oldid=896333004 " Categories : Place name disambiguation pages Township name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Bradley County, Arkansas Bradley County
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1760-656: The logs to the Warren plant. Finished products were shipped to Rock Island and the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway. In 1920, it was renamed the Warren & Saline River Railroad (W&SRR). The Warren & Ouachita Valley Railway was jointly owned by the Arkansas Lumber Company and the Southern Lumber Company. It began operations around 1901 connecting Banks with Warren. Parts of former railroads of
1815-409: The lumber companies were changed to company roads for trucking logging to mills in Warren. Those company roads were straight, level, and with long radius curves because the railroads were built straight, level, and with long radius curves. Many company roads because county roads. Temporary spur rail lines were built to remove some of the virgin timber. The rails and crossties were repeatedly reused. There
1870-438: The population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 6,421 households, of which 29.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.20% were married couples living together, 14.50% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.90% were non-families. 27.60% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.90% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size
1925-419: The port and its environs; they did not anticipate the much larger transfer of territory that would follow. The Louisiana Purchase was the acquisition by the United States of America of 828,800 square miles (2,147,000 km ) of France 's claim to the territory of Louisiana in 1803. During the period 1837–1861, settlers arrived from Mississippi, Alabama, Tennessee, and Georgia. Prior to 1860, to reach
1980-743: The port of embarkation. After complaints from the Mississippi Company and the concessioners about this class of French immigrants, in May 1720, the French government prohibited such deportations. But, there was a third shipment in 1721. The Jesuit Charlevoix went from Canada to Louisiana. His letter said "these 9,000 Germans, who were raised in the Palatinate (Alsace part of France) were in Arkansas. The Germans left Arkansas en masse. They went to New Orleans and demanded passage to Europe. The Mississippi Company gave
2035-543: The region then came in three distinct waves. The French hunters, trappers, and traders appeared first and operated along the Ouachita River valley until the Natchez revolt of 1729, which frightened away any developers for a while. Next, in the 1740s and 1750s, French settlers meandered north from the Pointe Coupee Post in south French Louisiana and named many of bayous . These settlers returned south to Pointe Coupee before
2090-550: The scientist for the expedition. In 1718, there were only 700 people in Louisiana . The Mississippi Company arranged ships to move hundred (800) people landed in Louisiana on one day in 1718, doubling the population. John Law encouraged Germans, particularly Germans of the Alsatian region who had recently fallen under French rule, and the Swiss to emigrate. Alsace was transformed into a mosaic of Catholic and Protestant territories. Alsace
2145-457: The seas. Simultaneously, the bank began issuing more notes than it could represent in coinage; this led to a currency devaluation, which was eventually followed by a bank run when the value of the new paper currency was halved. Louis XIV's long reign and wars had nearly bankrupted the French monarchy. Rather than reduce spending, the Duke of Orléans , Regent for Louis XV, endorsed the monetary theories of Scottish financier John Law . In 1716, Law
2200-509: The site of present-day Mobile, Alabama . In 1718, there were only 700 Europeans in Louisiana. Bénard de la Harpe and his party left New Orleans in 1719 to explore the Red River . In 1721, he explored the Arkansas River. At the Yazoo settlements in Mississippi he was joined by Jean Benjamin who became the scientist for the expedition. The Mississippi Company arranged ships to bring in 800 more settlers, who landed in Louisiana in 1718, doubling
2255-520: The south end of Bradley County contains over 200 native American archaeological sites, primarily from the Caddo tribe that lived in the area as long as 5,000 years ago. These sites include the remains of seasonal fishing camps, ceremonial plazas, temple mounds and large villages containing as many as 200 structures. After Hernando de Soto 's exploration of the Mississippi Valley during the 1540s, there
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2310-467: The southeast, and Cleveland County to the north. According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 653 square miles (1,690 km ), of which 649 square miles (1,680 km ) is land and 3.7 square miles (9.6 km ) (0.6%) is water. The Mississippi Embayment extends to the Saline River valley along the east and southeast edge of Bradley County. The Ouachita River runs along
2365-461: The southwest edge of the county. The Saline River (Ouachita River) flows along most of the east edge of the county. The L'Aigle Creek (Saline River of the Ouachita River) drains most of the area in the county. A Topographic map of Bradley County is at https://en-us.topographic-map.com/maps/ettn/Bradley-County/ The lowest point in Arkansas is 55 feet above sea level, at the Ouachita River on
2420-619: The ultimate English defeat, many settlers fled to the Ouachita Valley region, creating the threat of English/American rebel activity in the Ouachita Valley region. This prompted the Spanish governor, Don Bernardo, the Comte de Galvez, to establish a strong buffer zone between the independent American states and the Spanish province of Louisiana. In 1781 Galvez created the “Poste d'Ouachita” and named Jean-Baptist Filhiol (also known as Don Juan Filhiol) as
2475-569: The virgin hardwoods before 1901. In 1901, the Warren, Johnsville, and Saline River (WJ & SR) railroads began operations. It was owned by the Bradley Lumber Company. The railroad operated 15 miles of rails. It connected Warren with Hermitage and there was a connection with the Rock Island. There was a connection with the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway. The Warren, Johnsville, and Saline River (WJ & SR) railroads brought
2530-500: The wealth of its Louisiana prospects into a sustainable joint-stock trading company. The popularity of company shares was such that they sparked a need for more paper bank notes, and when shares generated profits the investors were paid out in paper bank notes. In 1720, the bank and company were merged and Law was appointed by Philippe II, Duke of Orléans , then Regent for Louis XV, to be Comptroller General of Finances to attract capital. Law's pioneering note-issuing bank thrived until
2585-537: Was $ 47,094. Males had a median income of $ 32,779 versus $ 27,167 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 42,346. About 20.60% of families and 26.30% of the population were below the poverty line , including 33.10% of those under age 18 and 20.80% of those age 65 or over. Townships in Arkansas are the divisions of a county. Each township includes unincorporated areas; some may have incorporated cities or towns within part of their boundaries. Arkansas townships have limited purposes in modern times. However,
2640-422: Was 2.45 and the average family size was 2.96. 23.60% of the population were under the age of 18, 9.70% from 18 to 24, 26.50% from 25 to 44, 22.80% from 45 to 64, and 17.50% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 97.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.80 males. The median household income was $ 38,936, and the median family income
2695-435: Was changed to Warren in 1843. In 1850, the town of Warren was incorporated. In 1840, a new county was created out of Union County, and named for Hugh Bradley. Some settlers from Alabama, Georgia, and Tennessee arrived in the 1840s and 1850s. Around 1849, Wiley and Louisa Powell moved to Bradley County, taking the title to the land that is now Hermitage. The following year. Louisa's parents, James and Susan Thompson, joined
2750-413: Was earthwork cut (earthworks) for the spur rail lines remain. The Bradley Lumber Company at Wheeler and Martin street employed 1,100 workers in year 1941. That company was only of the largest purchasers of hardwood in the south. A leading product was unassembled furniture which was crated and shipped to eastern assembly plants. There was a flooring plant and a hickory products department. The company had
2805-488: Was exaggerated in a marketing scheme for the newly formed Mississippi Company, and its value temporarily soared to the equivalent of $ 6.5 trillion today, which would make it the second most valuable company in history behind the Dutch East India Company . The Compagnie du Mississippi was originally chartered in 1684 by the request of René-Robert Cavelier (de La Salle) who sailed in that year from France with
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#17331045338702860-448: Was given a charter for the Banque Royale under which the national debt was assigned to the bank in return for extraordinary privileges. The key to the Banque Royale agreement was that the national debt would be paid from revenues derived from opening the Mississippi Valley. The Bank was tied to other ventures of Law – the Company of the West and the Companies of the Indies. All were known as the Mississippi Company. The Mississippi Company had
2915-626: Was settlement known as the Saline Settlement and as the Pennington Settlement. Later it was named Cabeens. Postal service in the area was first established in 1832 at Cabeens, which may have been named after J.T. Cabeen, an early surveyor. Dr. John Thomas Cabeen served as postmaster from 1832 until 1843. John Harvie Marks donated thirty acres, and John Splawn donated ten acres of land for the town site. The first circuit court met on April 26, 1841, at Hugh Bradley's house. The name of Cabeens
2970-751: Was sold to France within the greater context of the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648). Beset by enemies and to gain a free hand in Hungary, the Habsburgs sold their Sundgau territory (mostly in Upper Alsace) to France in 1646, which had occupied it, for the sum of 1.2 million Thalers. Prisoners were set free in Paris in September 1719 and later, under the condition that they marry prostitutes and go with them to Louisiana. The newly married couples were chained together and taken to
3025-537: Was then the Controller General of Finances of France. Though the company itself started to become profitable and remained solvent until the collapse of the bubble, when speculation in French financial circles and land development in the region became frenzied and detached from economic reality, the Mississippi bubble became one of the earliest examples of an economic bubble . In France , the wealth of Louisiana
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