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25-602: The department was part of the Xaragua kingdom. The area of Aquin was known as Yakimo a Taino settlement. The island of Vache was named Anigua. The area of Les Cayes was a Spanish settlement known as Salvatierra de la Sabana or Land Saved from the Water or Sea. Much like the N-O, the South Department was a pirate hub with famous pirates such as Henri Morgan and many more hiding their loot on

50-581: A cacique or paramount chief . Below him were lesser caciques presiding over villages or districts and nitaínos , an elite class in Taíno society. The Taíno of Hispaniola were an Arawak people related to the inhabitants of the other islands in the Greater Antilles . At the time of European contact, they were at war with a rival indigenous group, the Island Caribs . In 1508, there were about 60,000 Taínos in

75-601: A location in Haiti is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Chiefdoms of Hispaniola The chiefdoms of Hispaniola ( cacicazgo in Spanish) were the primary political units employed by the Taíno inhabitants of Hispaniola ( Taíno : Quisqueya , Babeque , Bohio or Ayiti ) in the early historical era. At the time of European contact in 1492, the island was divided into five chiefdoms or cacicazgos , each headed by

100-420: A national airport Antoine-Simon, which has the potential for International flights connecting Haiti to Jamaica and Venezuela. Isle-à-Vache has an airport strip and heliport. The Department of Sud is subdivided into five arrondissements , which are further subdivided into nineteen communes . 18°12′N 73°45′W  /  18.2°N 73.75°W  / 18.2; -73.75 This article about

125-681: Is bordered to the north by the Grand'Anse and Nippes , to the west the Winward Passage connecting to Jamaica , south by the Caribbean Sea and to the east by the South-East Department . The Pic Macaya is an ecological reserve on the north side. The Port-Salut Peninsula extends into the Caribbean Sea. From Flamand to Aquin there is a multitude of minor bays. The south is the province with

150-695: Is reputed of having some of Haiti's most pristine beaches such as: The main road through the Department is the RN2 connecting Okay to Miragwàn and Pòtoprens The RD203 connects to Jacmel . The RD205 connects to Tiburon . Les Cayes is a major port town. Due to political troubles in Port-au-Prince, many locals are considering a port and oil terminal in St-Louis du Sud , making the South completely autonomous. Les Cayes has

175-690: The Bwa-Kayiman Congress , the South was the scene of a group of maroons taking control of a French post at the heights of Les Cayes in Platons and establish their camp. Those maroons were never captured and went higher to Macaya at the attack of the Expedition Troops . The alliance between the Rigaudin and Louverturien was consolidated at the Congress of Camp-Gerrard, on July 5, 1803, where Dessalines became

200-501: The assassination of the Emperor, Haiti was divided into two de jure states, a monarchy and a republic. With the return of André Rigaud, the South became a distinct state separating from Port-au-Prince. With Michel Domingue, the south claimed separation again. In 1843, the Manifest of Praslin with Charles Rivière Hérard overthrow the president Jean-Pierre Boyer . A significant part of

225-598: The cacique helpers . The entries below relate the territory of each former cacique to the modern-day departments of Haiti and the provinces of the Dominican Republic . The cacicazgo of Marién included the entire northwestern part of Hispaniola, bordered to the north by the Atlantic Ocean, the south by the cacicazgo of Jaragua, east by the cacicazgos of Maguá and Maguana, and west by the Windward Passage . It

250-538: The cacique was sent to Spain to be paraded in front of the Royal Court but died on his voyage. The cacicazgo of Jaragua spanned the entire south-west of the island of Hispaniola. It was bordered on the north by the cacicazgo of Marién, south by the Caribbean Sea, east by the cacicazgo of Maguana, and west by the Jamaica Channel . It was ruled by the cacique Bohechío (cacique)  [ es ] (Beehechio) and

275-458: The chiefdom was Apito, which means "Mother of Stone". The cacique Caonabo was the first to resist the Spanish occupation. The fort that Christopher Columbus established on the north coast of the island, La Navidad , was destroyed by Caonabo. Caonabo also attempted to sack Fortaleza de Santo Tomás, but was captured by Spanish forces led by commander Alonso de Ojeda. Instead of being condemned to death

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300-570: The entire southeast of Hispaniola, bordered to the north by the cacicazgo of Maguá and the Bay Samana , south by the Caribbean, east by the Canal de la Mona , and west by the cacicazgo of Maguana. It was ruled by the cacique Cayacoa  [ es ] and was divided into 21 nitaínos. The capital of the cacicazgo was located in present-day Higüey . Floyd states Cotubanama was the cacique of Higüey, who

325-430: The island of Hispaniola; by 1531 infectious disease epidemics and exploitation had resulted in a dramatic decline in population. The boundaries of each cacicazgo were precise. The first inhabitants of the island used geographic elements as references, such as major rivers, high mountains, notable valleys and plains. This enabled them to define each territory. Each was divided into cacique nitaínos, subdivisions headed by

350-527: The language was on the decline and by 1527 extinct. Maguá means "the Stone". The chiefdom's mother-goddess was Guacara or the 'Stone Mother'. The cacicazgo of Maguana was located in the center of the island, bounded on the north by the cacicazgos of Marién and Maguá, south by the Caribbean, east by the cacicazgos of Maguá and Higüey, and west by the cacicazgos of Marién and Jaragua. This cacicazgos territories were all located in present-day Dominican Republic. It

375-555: The leader of the Indigènes Army. Boisrond Tonnerre became a member of Dessalines état-major and Nicolas Geffrard general of the South. On October 16, 1803 Nicolas Geffrard Sr. and Coco Herne freed the city of Les Cayes from the french expedition troops under the leadership of Brunet. Nicolas Geffrard commander of the south and Coco Herne commander of Les Cayes are signatories of the Haitian Declaration of Independence . After

400-407: The major ports in the trade in used goods. Bales of used clothing, shoes, appliances and used cars arrive at the port from Miami and other U.S. cities. Local merchants in the informal sector buy boxes and bales of used goods to sort and resell them in street markets. Inexpensive merchandise is thus dispersed around Haiti. The port was used by Reynolds Metals aluminum for export of bauxite which

425-602: The most islands, cays, and reefs giving it a particular charm and unique scenery. Some of the notable islands are: Locals call them zilè (islands) versus granntè (mainland) Many rivers cross through the South notably Grotte Marijàn's Cave is the biggest in Haiti and one of the biggest in the Caribbean. The heart of the department is la Plaine des Cayes one of Haiti's biggest plains, where farmers grow notably rice Many families leave with fishing activities transforming multiple cays into seasonal fishermen settlements. The South

450-669: The multitude of islands from Grosse Cayes to Isle-à-Vache . The South, in general, was Rigaudin since was under the control of André Rigaud until it definitely switches the hand of Toussaint and the Louverturien. This conflict is known as the Haitian War of Knives opposing two political and economical groups in Haiti even before independence: the Nouveaux-Libres and the Anciens-Libres. In 1793 after The Great North rebelled after

475-478: The population in this department is of mixed race, people of Arab descent and from the Indian subcontinent. These southern parts of Haiti are where many residents Europeans descended to during tense political turmoil and, in more recent years, have returned and settled alongside black Haitians . Nowadays, this area of the country has become one of the most racially diverse (excluding Port-au-Prince ). The department

500-572: Was captured by Juan de Esquivel and hanged in Santo Domingo . The mother goddess of Higüey was Atabeira, which means "Mother of the original stone". Mirago%C3%A2ne Miragoâne ( Haitian Creole : Miragwàn ) is a coastal commune in western Haiti and the capital of the Nippes department . It is also the headquarters of the Miragoâne Arrondissement . It is regarded as one of

525-624: Was centered near the present location of Santo Cerro in La Vega . It was divided into 21 nitaínos. This cacicazgo was one of the richest of the island. The territory was also inhabited by an ethnically distinct group of natives called the Ciguayo , who were concentrated on the Samaná Peninsula . This group, who spoke the Ciguayo language , was absorbed into the cacicazgo of Maguá. This was noted by chronicler Bartolomé de las Casas, who wrote that in 1502

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550-452: Was ruled by the cacique Caonabo , husband of Anacaona . Its center was established at Corral de los Indios located in the present day town of Juan de Herrera in San Juan province . It was divided into 21 nitaínos. This was the principal cacicazgo of the island and was represented as "The Rock". The term Maguana means "the first stone" or "the only stone". The principal mother goddess of

575-504: Was ruled by the cacique Guacanagaríx , with its capital located in El Guarico, near the present-day city of Cap-Haïtien . It was divided into 14 nitaínos. This cacicazgo was the first to welcome Christopher Columbus and to convert to Christianity. The cacicazgo of Marién fought against the cacicazgo Mairena , which was aided by Caonabo of the cacicazgo of Maguana for control of the mythical 'Mother' goddess Iermao. The 'Mother' Iermao

600-423: Was the goddess of the cacicazgo of Marién, which means "body stone". The cacicazgo of Maguá was located on the northeastern part of Hispaniola, bordered to the north and east by the Atlantic Ocean, the south by the cacicazgos of Maguana and Higüey, and west by the cacicazgos of Marién and Maguana. This chiefdom's territories are all in present-day Dominican Republic. It was ruled by the cacique Guarionex and

625-443: Was the largest of the cacicazgos. Its center was located in a place called Guava, present-day Léogâne in Haiti. It was divided into 26 nitaínos. Bohechío was the brother of Anacaona , who was married to the cacique of Maguana; Caonabo. As such, Jaragua and Maguana had a strong alliance and would partner to ward off and attack rival cacicazgos. The mother goddess of the cacicazgo was Zuimaco . The cacicazgo of Higüey spanned

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