The list of medieval universities comprises universities (more precisely, studia generalia ) which existed in Europe during the Middle Ages . It also includes short-lived foundations and European educational institutions whose university status is a matter of debate. The degree-awarding university with its corporate organization and relative autonomy is a product of medieval Christian Europe. Before the year 1500, over eighty universities were established in Western and Central Europe . During the subsequent Colonization of the Americas the university was introduced to the New World , marking the beginning of its worldwide spread as the center of higher learning everywhere (see List of oldest universities ).
16-655: [REDACTED] Look up studium in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Studium is a Latin word meaning "study", "zeal", "dedication", etc. It may refer to: Chavagnes Studium , a center for the study of the Liberal Arts Medieval university , a corporation organized during the High Middle Ages Studium Angelopolitanum , a non-profit educational organization Studium Biblicum Franciscanum ,
32-510: A studium generale in the Middle Ages. There is no official strict definition of a studium generale , the term having emerged from customary usage. The following properties were common among them, and are often treated as defining criteria: Charters issued by the Pope or Holy Roman Emperor were often needed to ensure privileges 4–6. The fourth condition (teaching elsewhere without examination)
48-544: A Franciscan academic society in Jerusalem Studium Excitare , a quarterly academic journal Studium generale , the customary name for a medieval university Studium Generale Marcianum Studium monastery , historically the most important monastery of Constantinople See also [ edit ] All pages with titles beginning with Studium All pages with titles containing Studium List of medieval universities Topics referred to by
64-631: A corporation organized during the High Middle Ages Studium Angelopolitanum , a non-profit educational organization Studium Biblicum Franciscanum , a Franciscan academic society in Jerusalem Studium Excitare , a quarterly academic journal Studium generale , the customary name for a medieval university Studium Generale Marcianum Studium monastery , historically the most important monastery of Constantinople See also [ edit ] All pages with titles beginning with Studium All pages with titles containing Studium List of medieval universities Topics referred to by
80-461: A long time. Some historians trace the founding of a university to the first date when evidence of some kind of teaching was done in that locality, even if only local and limited. Others wait until there is evidence of higher learning, a wide student catchment, the emergence of its masters teaching elsewhere or a more definitive mention of it as a studium generale . The university had four faculties: Arts, Medicine, Law, and Theology. The Faculty of Arts
96-770: A university have all three higher faculties (Theology, Law, Medicine) in order to be considered a "Medieval university" (very few had all three), whereas others widen it to include some of the more prestigious cathedral schools , palace schools and universities outside of Latin Europe (notably in the Greek and Islamic world, for example the Pandidakterion founded by the Byzantine emperor Theodosius II in 425 or University of al-Qarawiyyin in Morocco founded by Fatima al-Fihri in 859, which may be
112-402: Is common to include the former and exclude the latter from lists of "Medieval universities", but some historians have disputed this convention as arbitrary and unreflective of the state of higher learning in Europe. Some historians have discarded the studium generale definition, and come up with their own criteria for a definition of a "university"—narrowing it by requiring, for instance, that
128-417: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages studium [REDACTED] Look up studium in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Studium is a Latin word meaning "study", "zeal", "dedication", etc. It may refer to: Chavagnes Studium , a center for the study of the Liberal Arts Medieval university ,
144-470: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages List of medieval universities There were many institutions of learning ( studia ) in the Middle Ages in Latin Europe — cathedral schools , "schools of rhetoric" (law faculties), etc. Historians generally restrict the term "medieval university" to refer to an institution of learning that was referred to as
160-430: The "first university in the world and the oldest existing, and continually operating educational institution in the world" ). There is also contention on the founding dates of many universities. Using the date of acquisition of a papal and royal/imperial charter is inadequate, as the older universities, believing their status and reputations sufficient and indisputable, refused or resisted asking for an official charter for
176-436: The privileges and title of a studium generale , but their student catchment never went much beyond the local district or they had only a couple of masters engaged in teaching. Other comparable schools (notably the more prestigious cathedral schools of France), may have had wider student catchment and more masters, but neglected or failed to secure the chartered privileges and thus were never referred to as studia generalia . It
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#1732851107331192-411: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Studium . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Studium&oldid=1196644878 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
208-411: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Studium . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Studium&oldid=1196644878 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
224-423: Was originally considered by scholars of the time to be the most important criterion, with the result that the appellation studium generale was customarily reserved to refer only to the oldest and most prestigious schools—specifically Salerno, Bologna, Paris, and sometimes Oxford—until this oligopoly was broken by papal and imperial charters in the course of the 13th century. The fifth criterion (continued benefices)
240-676: Was the closest there was to an "official" definition of a studium generale used by the Church and academics from the 14th century onwards, although there were some notable exceptions (e.g., neither Oxford nor Padua received this right, but they were nonetheless universally considered " Studia Generalia by custom"). Modern historians have tended to focus on the first three requirements (students from everywhere, at least one higher faculty, teaching by masters). This has led to contention in making lists of Medieval universities. Some Italian universities, for instance, were quick to obtain papal charters and thus
256-633: Was the lowest in rank, but also the largest as students had to graduate there to be admitted to one of the higher faculties. The students were divided into four nationes according to language or regional origin: France, Normandy, Picardy, and England. The last came to be known as the Alemannian (German) nation. Recruitment to each nation was wider than the names might imply: the English-German nation included students from Scandinavia and Eastern Europe. (1289) The university traces its roots back to 1495, when
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