A dowel is a cylindrical shape made of wood , plastic , or metal . In its original manufactured form, a dowel is long and called a dowel rod , which are often cut into shorter dowel pins . Dowels are commonly used as structural reinforcements in cabinet making and in numerous other applications, including:
20-418: The terminology and the slang usage of Stovebolt refers to three different things: A bolt (fastener) with a slotted head, used in the assembly of wood-burning stoves constructed from sheet metal. The Chevrolet Stovebolt engine , so called because the valve cover, lifter cover and timing cover, utilizes a fastener that resembles a stovebolt . A nickname for
40-432: A cap screw is a bolt that has threads all the way to the head. Bolts are often used to make a bolted joint . This is a combination of the nut applying an axial clamping force and also the shank of the bolt acting as a dowel , pinning the joint against sideways shear forces . For this reason, many bolts have a plain unthreaded shank (called the grip length ), as this makes for a better, stronger dowel. The presence of
60-448: A component and be fastened with the aid of a nut . Screws in contrast are used in components which contain their own thread, or to cut its own internal thread into them. This definition allows ambiguity in the description of a fastener depending on the application it is actually used for, and the terms screw and bolt are widely used by different people or in different countries to apply to the same or varying fastener. In British terminology,
80-467: A flat on the side of the dowel; some sources suggest planing the flat on the rough stock before the final shaping of the round dowel. Some dowel plates solve the problem by cutting a groove in the side of the dowel as it is forced through; this is done by a groove screw , a pointed screw intruding from the side into the dowel cutting opening. When two pieces of wood are to be joined by dowels embedded in blind holes, there are numerous methods for aligning
100-513: A revolutionary method at the time. This enabled the building to be completed in time. The use of interchangeable nuts and bolts was so successful that the Whitworth standard was widely adopted. A British standard was not formally adopted until 1905. The distinction between a bolt and a screw is poorly defined. The academic distinction, per Machinery's Handbook , is in their intended purpose: bolts are designed to pass through an unthreaded hole in
120-429: A screwdriver head fitting, rather than an external wrench. Screwdrivers are applied in-line with the fastener, rather than from the side. These are smaller than most wrench heads and cannot usually apply the same amount of torque . It is sometimes assumed that screwdriver heads imply a screw and wrenches imply a bolt, although this is incorrect. Coach screws, or lag screws , for example, are large square-headed screws with
140-535: A size slightly bigger than desired and then driven through the hole in the dowel plate. The sharp edges of the hole shear off the excess wood. A second approach to cutting dowels is to rotate a piece of oversized stock past a fixed knife, or alternatively, to rotate the knife around the stock. Machines based on this principle emerged in the 19th century. Frequently, these are small bench-mounted tools. For modest manufacturing volumes, wood dowels are typically manufactured on industrial dowel machines based on
160-735: A standard should be set, but it did not happen immediately. In 1851 the Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations was to be held in Hyde Park, London, England, and it was decided to build the Crystal Palace as part; this had to be done in 190 days, and at reasonable cost. Research into the remains of the destroyed building in 2024 revealed a major innovation that made this possible. The construction firm responsible, Fox Henderson, decided to use nuts and bolts, but to use standardised sizes,
180-572: A tapered wood screw thread, used for attaching ironwork to timber. Head designs that overlap both bolts and include the Allen , Torx , hexagonal and splined heads. These modern designs span a large range of sizes and can carry a considerable torque. Threaded fasteners with screwdriver-style heads are often referred to as machine screws whether they are being used with a nut or not. Depending on required strength and circumstances, there are several material types can be used for fasteners. In general, steel
200-452: A tool is only needed for the nut end. Common bolt heads include hex, slotted hex washer, and socket cap. The first bolts had square heads, formed by forging . These are still found, although much more common today is the hexagonal head. These are held and turned by a spanner or socket , of which there are many forms. Most are held from the side, some from in-line with the bolt. Other bolts have T-heads and slotted heads. Many bolts use
220-639: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Bolt (fastener) A bolt is an externally helical threaded fastener capable of being tightened or released by a twisting force ( torque ) to a matching nut . The bolt has an external male thread requiring a matching nut with a pre-formed female thread. Nuts and bolts were originally hand-crafted together, so that each nut matched its own bolt, but they were not interchangeable. This made it virtually impossible to replace lost or damaged fixers, as they were all different. Joseph Whitworth in 1841 proposed that
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#1732858480389240-417: Is not important and prevention of structural failure is the design constraint . Common bearing type connections include: shear tabs, beam supports , gusset plates in trusses . Dowel The traditional tool for making dowels is a dowel plate , an iron (or better, hardened tool steel ) plate with a hole having the size of the desired dowel. To make a dowel, a piece of wood is split or whittled to
260-512: Is the most commonly used material of all fasteners: 90% or more. The American Institute of Steel Construction ( AISC ) 13th Edition Steel Design Manual section 16.1 chapter J-3 specifies the requirements for bolted structural connections. Structural bolts replaced rivets due to the decreasing cost and increasing strength of structural bolts in the 20th century. Connections are formed with two types of joints: slip-critical connections and bearing connections. In slip-critical connections, movement of
280-437: Is used. A screw must always be turned to assemble the joint. Many bolts are held fixed in place during assembly, either by a tool or by a design of non-rotating bolt, such as a carriage bolt , and only the corresponding nut is turned. Bolts use a wide variety of head designs, as do screws. These are designed to engage with the tool used to tighten them. Some bolt heads instead lock the bolt in place, so that it does not move and
300-551: The Chevrolet Advance Design pickup trucks. Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Stovebolt . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stovebolt&oldid=1070341840 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
320-566: The shear capacity of each bolt in the connection. The second (and more common type) of connection is a bearing connection. In this type of connection, the bolts carry the load through shear and are only tightened to a "snug-fit". These connections require fewer bolts than slip-critical connections and therefore are a less expensive alternative. Slip-critical connections are more common on flange plates for beam and column splices and moment critical connections. Bearing type connections are used in lightweight structures and in member connections where slip
340-436: The connected parts is a serviceability condition and bolts are tightened to a minimum required pre-tension. Slip is prevented through friction of the "faying" surface, that is the plane of shear for the bolt and where two members make contact. Because friction is proportional to the normal force , connections must be sized with bolts numerous and large enough to provide the required load capacity . However, this greatly decreases
360-483: The same principles as the rotary cutters described above. Such machines may employ interchangeable cutting heads of varying diameters , thus enabling the machines to be quickly changed to manufacture different dowel diameters. Typically, the mechanism is open-ended, with material guides at the machine's entry and exit to enable fabrication of continuous dowel rods of unlimited length. Since the 19th century, some of these dowel machines have had power feed mechanisms to move
380-409: The stock past the cutting mechanism. When dowels are glued into blind holes , a very common case in dowel-based joinery , there must be a path for air and excess glue to escape when the dowel is pressed into place. If no provision is made to relieve the hydraulic pressure of air and glue, hammering the dowel home or clamping the joint can split the wood. An old solution to this problem is to plane
400-413: The unthreaded shank has often been given as characteristic of bolts vs. screws, but this is incidental to its use, rather than defining. Where a fastener forms its own thread in the component being fastened, it is called a screw. This is most obviously so when the thread is tapered (i.e. traditional wood screws ), precluding the use of a nut, or when a sheet metal screw or other thread-forming screw
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