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29-550: The Stoomvaart Maatschappij Zeeland was founded in June 1875 and opened a service from Vlissingen to Sheerness in Kent on July 26 of that year. However, poor support led to the service being suspended for the following winter and re-opened on May 15, 1876 to nearby Queenborough . The service was temporarily transferred to Dover in 1882 following a fire at the Queenborough pier. At

58-419: A steenhuus or castle, the foundations of which were uncovered during the construction of a new town hall in 1965. In 1294, the town was purchased by Floris V, Count of Holland , who recognised the strategic and economic potential of its location and began its development. The port facilities were further extended in the mid-15th century, financed by a local monopoly in the herring trade. In the mid-16th century,

87-473: A temperate oceanic climate ( Köppen climate classification Cfb ) that is milder than the rest of the Netherlands due to its more southern location on the coast. It is approximately 1.5 degrees Celsius warmer annually than Groningen in the northeast. It is also one of the sunniest cities in the Netherlands, receiving approximately 180 more sunshine hours than Maastricht in the southeast. Its all-time record

116-569: Is 36.8 °C (98.2 °F) set on 27 July 2018 and −18.9 °C (−2.0 °F) on 21 February 1956. Counts of Holland The counts of Holland ruled over the County of Holland in the Low Countries between the 10th and the 16th century. While the Frisian kingdom had comprised most of the present day Netherlands, the later province of Friesland in the Netherlands was much reduced. Already in

145-571: Is a municipality and a city in the southwestern Netherlands on the island of Walcheren . With its strategic location between the Scheldt river and the North Sea , Vlissingen has been an important harbour for centuries. It was granted city rights in 1315. In the 17th century the roadstead of Vlissingen was a main harbour for ships of the Dutch East India Company (VOC). It is also known as

174-509: Is placed between Dirk I and II and numbered as Dirk I bis to avoid confusion with the already established numbering referring to the other counts of Holland named Dirk. The counts of West-Frisia ruled locally in the name of the archbishop of Utrecht, but over time, the counts of Holland came to dominate the bishopric of Utrecht. The archbishop of Utrecht governed the area on behalf of the Holy Roman Emperor, who saw his power diminished by

203-728: The LNER at Harwich in 1948 and the service evolved to a full co-operation, the two companies providing the night [B.R.] and day [Zeeland] services respectively employing four ships plus two relief vessels. In 1968 with the introduction of car ferries, the SMZ and Sealink services were fully amalgamated . In 1989 Swedish ferry operator Stena Line acquired SMZ. The following year Stena Line also acquired SMZ's UK partner Sealink . The Harwich operations of Sealink were transferred to Stena Line BV . Vlissingen Vlissingen ( Dutch: [ˈvlɪsɪŋə(n)] ; Zeelandic : Vlissienge )

232-630: The Dutch in 1616. During the heyday of the Dutch Golden Age , ships from Vlissingen set sail for the various outposts of the Dutch colonial empire and contributed to the world power of The Seven Provinces . The history of Vlissingen was also marked by invasion, oppression and bombardments. Because of its strategic position at the mouth of the Schelde , the most important passageway to Antwerp , it has attracted

261-442: The Dutch name. The American settlement of Flushing , originally a Dutch colonial village founded in 1645 and now part of Queens , New York City , was first called Vlissingen after the town in the Netherlands. The English settlers who also came to live in the village shortened the name to "Vlissing" by 1657 and then began to call it by its English name "Flushing." The Anglicisation of "Vlissingen" into "Flushing" did not occur after

290-476: The birthplace of Lieutnant-Admiral Michiel de Ruyter . Vlissingen is mainly noted for the yards on the Scheldt where most of the ships of the Royal Netherlands Navy ( Koninklijke Marine ) are built. The municipality of Vlissingen consists of the following places: The fishermen's hamlet that came into existence at the estuary of the Schelde around AD 620 has grown over its 1,400-year history into

319-722: The conquest of New Netherland , but in England well before then. This village was the site of the Flushing Remonstrance . The village of Flushing in Cornwall was also named after Vlissingen. Originally named Nankersey, the village was given its name by Dutch engineers from Vlissingen in the Netherlands who built the three main quays in the village. Michigan and Ohio in the US have villages called Flushing as well. [REDACTED] Topographic map of Vlissingen (city), Sept. 2014 Vlissingen has

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348-415: The contents of the bottle did not diminish. When the bishop realised the beggars did not want to listen to his words, he gave them his bottle. After that, he supposedly called the city Flessinghe . Another source states that the name had its origins in an old ferry-service house, on which a bottle was attached by way of a sign. The monk Jacob van Dreischor, who visited the city in 967, then apparently called

377-696: The county was governed by a stadtholder in name of the count. In 1581, the Estates General of the United Provinces declared themselves independent from the Spanish rule of Philip II (who was Philip III of Holland). Until the Treaty of Münster in 1648, the kings of Spain still used the title Count of Holland, but they had lost the actual power over the county to the States of Holland . The county remained in existence as

406-476: The early Middle Ages West-Frisia (Frisia west of the Vlie) was not considered to be a part of Frisia anymore, and came to be known as Holland (present day provinces North and South Holland and Zeeland). Floris II was the first count who restyled his name from count of "West-Frisia", in count of "Holland". Frisia Proper in medieval time therefore only included the middle and eastern part. The middle part (corresponding to

435-529: The ferry-house het veer aan de Flesse ("the ferry at the Bottle"). Because many cities in the region later received the appendix -inge , the name, according to this etymology, evolved to Vles-inge . According to another source, the name was derived from the Danish word Vles , which means "tides". The eastern cape of Novaya Zemlya , Cape Flissingsky was named after the city in 1596 by Willem Barentsz . Vlissingen

464-499: The feudal system in which the counts and dukes ruled almost as sovereigns. The counts of Holland tried frequently to increase their territory but apart from the acquisition of Zeeland during the 14th century they had no lasting success. Instead, it became a part of the mighty medieval dynasties' possessions, first Wittelsbach then Valois and thereafter Habsburg. There was a war of succession between uncle ( John III, Duke of Bavaria ) and niece ( Jacqueline, Countess of Hainaut ). This war

493-668: The interest, at one time or another, of the British, the French, the Germans and the Spanish. Floods have also been a constant threat. Vlissingen declined during the 18th century. The Napoleonic Wars were particularly disastrous. After 1870, the economy revived after the construction of new docks and the Walcheren canal, the arrival of the railway and the establishment of the shipyard called De Schelde. The Second World War interrupted this growth. The city

522-580: The present day Dutch province of Friesland) was populated by free peasants who successfully resisted all attempts by feudal lords to subdue them, mainly the counts of Holland and the bishops of Utrecht. In the eastern part, local chieftains created their own states (within the Holy Roman Empire) in the late Middle Ages. They became a county after 1446 until 1744, after which it was incorporated within Prussia and later Germany. The first count of Holland, Dirk I,

551-490: The request of the Dutch postal authorities the service was doubled in 1887 but the service suffered further disruption in 1897 due to flooding of the railway to Queenborough and another fire at the pier in 1900. During this period, competition from the Great Eastern Railway 's services to Harwich had grown and forced the company to invest in 3 new vessels from Fairfields of Govan. In 1911 further new tonnage

580-446: The service to Harwich , and that agreement was further enhanced in 1946 after World War II when services were moved to the Hook of Holland , the company's facilities at Flushing having been destroyed during the hostilities. A secondary service from Vlissingen to Folkestone was introduced in 1949 but lasted only three seasons. In the meantime, British Railways had taken over from

609-484: The third-most important port of the Netherlands . The Counts of Holland , Flanders , and Zeeland had the first harbours dug. Over the centuries, Vlissingen developed into a hub for fishing, especially the herring fishery, commerce, privateering and the slave trade . The first reliable records of Old Vlissengen date from a charter of 1247, when the town already had a church and an infirmary; another in 1264 mentions

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638-685: The town fell into poverty due to the Eighty Years' War , the Dutch revolt against Spanish occupation, and particularly owing to the punitive taxes imposed by the Duke of Alba . In April 1572, the townspeople staged a successful uprising, expelling the Flemish garrison, firing at ships bringing reinforcements and hanging a Spanish nobleman in front of the town hall. Under the Treaty of Nonsuch in 1585, English garrisons were stationed here and at Brill to keep these ports out of Spanish hands. The towns were sold back to

667-453: The usual names for the county were West-Friesland, Frisia or Kennemerland; in spite of this the counts from Dirk I onwards are traditionally named of Holland . Note that the chronology of the first few counts is uncertain. The existence of a count between Dirk I and Dirk II was only recently suggested, since it is thought that the references to counts named Dirk between 896 and 988 refer to three, not two, different counts. This third Count Dirk

696-522: The world pass through the Schelde. The derivation of the name Vlissingen is unclear, though most scholars relate the name to the word fles ("bottle") in one way or another. According to one story, when saint Willibrord landed in Vlissingen with a bottle in the 7th century, he shared its contents with the beggars he found there while trying to convert them. A miracle occurred, typical of hagiography , when

725-506: Was finally won by Philip the Good in 1433, who, in the meantime had inherited John's claims on the county. Philip and Jacqueline were double first cousins, Philip's mother is daughter of Albert while Jacqueline's mother was daughter of Philip the Bold of Burgundy. In April 1433 he forced Jacqueline to abdicate from Hainaut and Holland on his behalf. During the 'foreign rule' by Burgundy and Habsburg,

754-448: Was heavily damaged by shelling and inundation but was captured and liberated by British Commandos of 4th Special Service Brigade on 3 November 1944. The city was rebuilt after the war. In the 1960s, the seaport and industrial area of Vlissingen-Oost developed and flourished. Now this area is the economic driving force behind central Zeeland , generating many thousands of jobs. Nowadays approx. 50,000 ships annually from all corners of

783-469: Was historically called "Flushing" in English. In the 17th century, Vlissingen was important enough for English speakers that it had acquired an anglicised name. For example, Samuel Pepys referred to the town as "Flushing" in his diaries. In 1673, Sir William Temple referred to Vlissingen as "Flushing" once and "Flussingue" twice in his book about the Netherlands. Some English writers in the Netherlands also used

812-533: Was introduced and they were placed on a service to Folkestone leaving older paddle steamers to service Queenborough , but as they were retired the operation to that port was ended. At the outbreak of war in 1914 the service was switched to Tilbury , and following the war in January 1919 a daylight service was introduced to Gravesend . In 1927 an agreement was reached with the London and North Eastern Railway to switch

841-510: Was the son or foster-son of Gerolf, Count in Frisia (Dijkstra suggests that Dirk may have been the son of a sister of Gerolf and that his own father died while he was still an infant). He received land around Egmond from Charles the Fat at a place called Bladella (modern-day Bladel near Eindhoven, The Netherlands) in 922. This is seen as the beginning of the county of Holland. However, until about 1100,

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