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30-407: Currently, the mall's anchor stores are Target and a Regal Cinemas . The anchor store spaces are each two stories, but most in-line stores are one story. The hallways form a plus shape, with the former Macy's on the north side, and Target, Trader Joe's , Chase , Shake Shack and Bank of America , on the south side. There are four wings, two on level one and two on level two, with a food court on

60-443: A shopping mall , often a department store or retail chain . They are typically located at the ends of malls, sometimes in the middle. With their broad appeal, they are intended to attract a significant cross-section of the shopping public to the center. They are often offered steep discounts on rent in exchange for signing long-term leases in order to provide steady cash flows for the mall owners. Some examples of anchor stores in

90-434: A captive clientele. The challenges faced by the traditional large department stores have led to a resurgence in the use of supermarkets, even gyms , as anchors. The International Council of Shopping Centers makes the presence of anchors one of the main defining characteristics of the two largest categories of centres, the regional center with 400,000 to 800,000 square feet (74,000 m ) in gross leasable area , and

120-540: A chain of teashops which became a staple of the High Street in the UK, and at its peak, the firm numbered around 200 cafes. The displacement of independent businesses by chains has sparked increased collaboration among independent businesses and communities to prevent chain proliferation. These efforts include community-based organizing through Independent Business Alliances (in the U.S. and Canada) and "buy local" campaigns. In

150-551: A common type of anchor store, since they are visited often. However, research on consumer behavior revealed that most trips to the grocery store did not result in visits to surrounding shops . Large supermarkets remain common anchor stores within power centers however. Since the end of the 20th century, the declining popularity of old-line department stores has made it necessary for mall management companies to consider re-anchoring with other retail alternatives, or mix commercial development with residential development to guarantee

180-517: A tea distributor based in New York, into a grocery chain that operated almost 200 stores. Dozens of other grocery, drug, tobacco, and variety stores opened additional locations, around the same time, so that retail chains were common in the United States by 1910. Several state legislatures considered measures to restrict the growth of chains, and in 1914 concern about chain stores contributed to passage of

210-453: Is the last remaining music chain store in the United States and has shrunk from over 1,000 at its height to 270 locations in 2018. In 2019, Payless ShoeSource stated that it would be closing all remaining 2,100 stores in the US. A restaurant chain is a set of related restaurants in many different locations that are either under shared corporate ownership or franchising agreements. Typically,

240-593: The COVID -19 pandemic . In 1977, Bullock's opened at the mall, which was later converted to Nordstrom in 1988. In 1987, Stonestown went through a renovation and major redevelopment spearheaded by architect John Field. Field's plan added one story of stores, including a food court, a glass ceiling and marble floors, plus 350 new underground parking spaces. These changes led to the Stonestown Shopping Center being renamed Stonestown Galleria. In 1996, The Emporium

270-425: The superregional center with more than 800,000 square feet (74,000 m ) of space. The regional center typically has two or more anchors, while the superregional typically has three or more. In each case, the anchors account for 50–70% of the centre's leasable space. Shopping centres with anchor stores have consistently outperformed those without one, as the anchor helps draw shoppers initially attracted to

300-794: The Federal Trade Commission Act and the Clayton Antitrust Act. Isidore, Benjamin and Modeste Dewachter originated the idea of the chain department store in Belgium in 1868, ten years before A&P began offering more than coffee and tea. They started with four locations for Maisons Dewachter (Houses of Dewachter): La Louvière , Mons , Namur and Leuze . They later incorporated as Dewachter frères (Dewachter Brothers) on January 1, 1875. The brothers offered ready-to-wear clothing for men and children and specialty clothing such as riding apparel and beachwear. Isidore owned 51% of

330-751: The Red Chimney restaurant and Woolworth's . There were stores for local residents, including a grocery store, a bakery, and movie theaters. Stoneson Brothers also developed the Stoneridge Shopping Center in Pleasanton and Lakeside Village. In 1970, a United Artists Cinema opened in what is now the parking lot behind the Stonestown Galleria. The cinema was designed by San Francisco architect George K Raad. The movie theater closed in Spring 2020, due to

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360-492: The U.S. Supreme Court in 1931. Between then and 1933, 525 chain-store tax bills were introduced in state legislatures, and by the end of 1933 special taxes on retail chains were in force in 17 states. A chain store is characterised by the ownership or franchise relationship between the local business or outlet and a controlling business. While chains are typically "formula retail", a chain refers to ownership or franchise, whereas "formula retail" or "formula business" refers to

390-653: The U.S., trade organizations such as the American Booksellers Association and American Specialty Toy Retailers do national promotion and advocacy. NGOs like the New Rules Project and New Economics Foundation provide research and tools for pro-independent business education and policy while the American Independent Business Alliance provides direct assistance for community-level organizing. A variety of towns and cities in

420-676: The US), or as exceeding municipal zoning authority (i.e., regulating "who owns it" rather than the characteristics of the business). Non-codified restrictions will sometimes target "chains". A municipal ordinance may seek to prohibit "formula businesses" in order to maintain the character of a community and support local businesses that serve the surrounding neighborhood. Brick-and-mortar chain stores have been in decline as retail has shifted to online shopping , leading to historically high retail vacancy rates. The hundred-year-old Radio Shack chain went from 7,400 stores in 2001 to 400 stores in 2018. FYE

450-484: The United States are: Macy's , Sears , JCPenney , Nordstrom , Neiman Marcus , Saks Fifth Avenue , Dillard's , Kohl's , Walmart , and Target . And in Canada ; Hudson's Bay , Sears (formerly), Target (formerly), Zellers (formerly, now in all Hudson’s Bay locations), Nordstrom / Nordstrom Rack (formerly), TJX Companies ( HomeSense , Winners , Marshalls ), Walmart, Saks Fifth Avenue , Sporting Life . When

480-415: The United States whose residents wish to retain their distinctive character—such as San Francisco ; Provincetown, Massachusetts and other Cape Cod villages; Bristol, RI ; McCall, Idaho ; Port Townsend, Washington ; Ogunquit, Maine ; Windermere, Florida and Carmel-by-the-Sea, California —closely regulate, even exclude, chain stores. They don't exclude the chain itself, only the standardized formula

510-414: The anchor to shop at other shops in the mall. Thus, a mall which loses its last anchor is often considered to be a dead mall . Chain store A chain store or retail chain is a retail outlet in which several locations share a brand , central management and standardized business practices. They have come to dominate many retail markets, dining markets, and service categories in many parts of

540-427: The center upper level. Marble columns and skylights follow the wings of the mall as staples of its architecture. A demolition/rebuilding project in the late 1980s added many of the current architectural features. The former Macy's anchor space was demolished in 2019 and renovated, as it now houses a Regal Cinemas, Whole Foods Market , and Sports Basement, a California chain of sporting goods stores. Brookfield Properties,

570-466: The characteristics of the business. There is considerable overlap because key characteristic of a formula retail business is that it is controlled as a part of a business relationship, and is generally part of a chain. Nevertheless, most codified municipal regulation relies on definitions of formula retail (e.g., formula restaurants ), in part because a restriction directed to "chains" may be deemed an impermissible restriction on interstate commerce (in

600-420: The company, while his brothers split the remaining 49%. Under Isidore's (and later his son Louis') leadership, Maisons Dewachter would become one of the most recognized names in Belgium and France with stores in 20 cities and towns. Some cities had multiple stores, such as Bordeaux, France . Louis Dewachter also became an internationally known landscape artist, painting under the pseudonym Louis Dewis . By

630-487: The early 1920s, chain retailing was well established in the United States, with A&P, Woolworth's , American Stores, and United Cigar Stores being the largest. By the 1930s, chain stores had come of age, and stopped increasing their total market share. Court decisions against the chains' price-cutting appeared as early as 1906, and laws against chain stores began in the 1920s, along with legal countermeasures by chain-store groups. State taxes on chain stores were upheld by

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660-580: The firm took advantage of the railway boom during the Industrial Revolution by opening news-stands at railway stations beginning in 1848. The firm, now called WHSmith, had more than 1,400 locations as of 2017. In the U.S., chain stores likely began with J. Stiner & Company, which operated several tea shops in New York City around 1860. By 1900, George Huntington Hartford had built The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company , originally

690-650: The first fish and chips restaurant (as opposed to a take-away) in London, and its instant popularity led to a chain comprising 22 restaurants with locations around London and seaside resorts in southern England including Brighton , Ramsgate and Margate . In 1864, the Aerated Bread Company (ABC) began operating a chain of teashops in Britain. ABC would be overtaken as the leader in the field by Lyons , co-founded by Joseph Lyons in 1884. From 1909 Lyons began operating

720-416: The last anchor tenants. On September 8, 2023, an arcade and entertainment company Round1 plans to take over the space that used to be occupied by Nordstrom. The arcade opened on November 9th, 2024. Anchor store In North American, Australian and New Zealand retail , an " anchor tenant ", sometimes called an " anchor store ", " draw tenant ", or " key tenant ", is a considerably larger tenant in

750-537: The mall from Pacific Acquisition Corp. for $ 312 million. In November 2017, Macy's announced plans to close its store at the mall. The store closed in March 2018. On June 6, 2018, an article reported that Nordstrom would also be closing within the next 18 months which would leave the mall with no anchors, however, the article also reported that Nordstrom "has no store closures to announce". Nordstrom eventually closed on September 14, 2019, therefore leaving Target as one of

780-666: The owners and managers of the mall, announced in 2021 their plans to further renovate the mall into a 'town center' under their Stonestown Reimagined vision. Stonestown Galleria, originally called Stonestown Shopping Center, was built in 1952 by the Stoneson brothers. It was built in the Lakeside neighborhood, bordering Lake Merced , along with apartments that could house 3,000 to 3,500 people. The anchor store , The Emporium , opened on July 16, 1952. Other early businesses included Walgreens , Butler Brothers Department Stores , Gallenkamp Shoes,

810-443: The planned shopping centre format was developed by Victor Gruen in the early to mid-1950s, signing larger department stores was necessary for the financial stability of the projects, and to draw retail traffic that would result in visits to the smaller shops in the centre as well. Anchors generally have their rents heavily discounted, and may even receive cash inducements from the centre to remain open. Early on, grocery stores were

840-430: The restaurants within a chain are built to a standard format through architectural prototype development and offer a standard menu and/or services. Fast food restaurants are the most common, but sit-down restaurant chains also exist. Restaurant chains locations are often found near highways , shopping malls and densely populated urban or tourist areas . In 1896, Samuel Isaacs from Whitechapel , east London opened

870-521: The world. A franchise retail establishment is one form of a chain store. In 2005, the world's largest retail chain, Walmart , became the world's largest corporation based on gross sales. In 1792, Henry Walton Smith and his wife Anna established W.H. Smith as a news vending business in London that would become a national concern in the mid-19th century under the management of their grandson William Henry Smith . The world's oldest national retail chain,

900-468: Was converted to Macy's when Federated Stores bought Broadway Stores Inc. in 1995. In December 2003, Heitman Financial , the manager, abandoned efforts to construct nearly 300 new residential units and a grocery store on a parcel next to the mall's 42-acre (170,000 m) site. Neighborhood groups complained that the project would worsen traffic congestion in the area and create safety and environmental problems. In 2004, General Growth Properties bought

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