Misplaced Pages

#783216

30-573: The national battlefield was established through the efforts of both private individuals, the Stones River Battlefield and Park Association, the Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway (which became part of CSX Transportation through several mergers), and a 1927 act of Congress authorizing a national military park under the jurisdiction of the War Department. During the early years of

60-434: A 20-acre (8.1 ha) portion of his land to the city of Murfreesboro in 1872 to replace the "Old City Cemetery" which is located near downtown Murfreesboro. The cemetery is the final burial place for many notable people from Tennessee and the grounds are home to centuries old maple, oak and magnolia trees. Some of the trees pre-date the cemetery and a number of the headstones are more than 140 years old. Evergreen Cemetery

90-714: A former NC&StL EMD GP7 diesel locomotive , No. 710, was restored to its original paint scheme by the Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum . The TVRM also has the tail car from the city of Memphis on display at its Grand Junction Yard in Chattanooga. In 2007, Huntsville terminal switcher No. 100, a former NC&StL GE 44-ton Diesel (1950) was moved from Mt. Pleasant to the Cowan Railroad Museum in Cowan . Though subsequently an L&N engine (number 3100), she

120-503: A full-circle roundhouse and a dozen shop buildings served by two transfer tables. The Louisville and Nashville Railroad , an aggressive competitor of the NC&;StL, gained a controlling interest in 1880 through a hostile stock takeover that caused much rancor between the cities of Nashville and Louisville. However, the railroads continued to operate separately until finally merging in 1957. The company gave up steam operations in 1953. After

150-718: A through sleeping car from the Tennessean on Nos. 3 and 4, a Chicago-to-Augusta, Georgia, train. Another part of the train split at Chattanooga and continued as a Southern Railway operation through eastern Tennessee, and onward to Washington and the Northeast Corridor. The railroad also operated unnamed trains between Nashville and Atlanta via Chattanooga, between Memphis and Paducah, Kentucky , between Dickson and Hohenwald , between Nashville and Hickman, Kentucky , via Union City , between Decherd and Huntsville, Alabama , and other short routes. Two 4-4-0 locomotives from

180-663: Is a year older. An earlier monument was erected after the First Battle of Manassas in Virginia but is no longer extant. Also, veterans from Army of the Cumberland erected the U.S. Regular Brigade Civil War Monument. The cemetery was established on March 29, 1864, by the order of Major General George H. Thomas . Under the supervision of Chaplain William Earnshaw, the 111th Regiment United States Colored Troops disinterred bodies from

210-415: Is governed by a 34-member board of directors and its current chair is John Rucker Jr. who has served on the board for over 24 years. It is located at 519 Greenland Drive. Tours of the cemetery, presented by Oaklands Mansion, are also held each year. The Confederate Circle , a mass gravesite , was established in 1890. In 1891, remains of Confederate soldiers were gathered from burial locations across

240-627: The southern United States . The Nashville & Chattanooga Railway, predecessor to the NC&StL Railway, was organized in 1848 by a group of prominent Nashville businessmen. The line's first president was Vernon K. Stevenson , who was connected to wealth from the Grundy and Bass families of Nashville and was a vigorous promotor of a line between Nashville and Chattanooga; he would serve for 16 years. The first locomotive in Nashville arrived in December 1850 on

270-500: The steamboat Beauty along with 13 freight cars and one passenger car. The train made its first trip the following spring: 11 miles (18 km) to Antioch, Tennessee . It took nine years to complete the 150 miles (240 km) of line between Nashville and Chattanooga, made difficult by the steep elevations of the Highland Rim and Cumberland Plateau between them. The 2,228-foot (679 m) Cowan Tunnel near Cowan, Tennessee ,

300-578: The 1880 takeover, the NC&StL acquired branch lines in Kentucky and Alabama, and expanded from Nashville to Memphis. In 1890 the tracks reached Atlanta, Georgia , by leasing the state-owned Western and Atlantic Railroad . In 1902, the L&;N was acquired by the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad in a takeover similar to that of the NC&StL, but continued to operate as a separate company. In 1982,

330-462: The Association lobbied to have Congress "establish an accurate system of markers," but the measure failed, in part because of the testimony of former congressman and Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Park Commissioner Charles H. Grosvenor , who believed the landmarks had been "entirely obliterated." Land acquisition began in 1928 and was completed in 1934. In 1992, the park accepted a donation from

SECTION 10

#1732858382784

360-554: The City of Murfreesboro of an intact segment of Fortress Rosecrans , the largest enclosed earthwork built during the Civil War. The park preserves less than a fifth of the more than 3,000 acres (12 km) over which the battle was fought. On March 3, 1927, the site was established as Stones River National Military Park. It was transferred from the War Department to the U.S. Department of

390-778: The Interior 's National Park Service on August 10, 1933, and redesignated as a national battlefield on April 22, 1960. As with all historic areas administered by the National Park Service, the battlefield was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (October 15, 1966). On April 10, 2009, the Good Friday tornado damaged the battlefield park. Since 1997, the American Battlefield Trust and its partners have acquired and preserved 74 acres (0.30 km) of

420-597: The L&N's corporate existence ended when it was merged into ACL's successor, the Seaboard System Railroad . After several other mergers, in 1986 the Seaboard System was renamed CSX Transportation , which continues to use the original NC&StL route between Nashville, Chattanooga, and Atlanta. Other portions of the system, such as the route to Hickman, have been abandoned. At the end of 1925 NC&StL operated 1,259 miles of road on 1,859 miles of track; at

450-539: The NC&StL bought the bankrupt Tennessee and Pacific Railroad from the state government and operated it as a connection to Lebanon, Tennessee . The company also took full control of the Duck River Valley Narrow Gauge Railway in 1888, converting it to standard gauge the following year. It had already leased the line, which linked Columbia , Lewisburg , and Fayetteville, Tennessee from its owners in 1879, when they had difficulty completing

480-858: The NC&StL's predecessor road, the Western and Atlantic are on display in museums: The General and The Texas are in the Atlanta suburbs of Kennesaw and Buckhead . In 1953, the NC&StL donated its last steam engine, No. 576 , to the city of Nashville. Originally known as a Yellow Jacket, the J3-57 -class 4-8-4 locomotive was manufactured by the American Locomotive Company ("Alco") in 1942. The NC&StL referred to their 4-8-4s as Dixies , while most other railroads called them Northerns . It has been on display in Centennial Park since then. In 2016,

510-447: The U.S. states of Kentucky , Tennessee , Alabama , and Georgia . It began as the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad , chartered in Nashville on December 11, 1845, built to 5 ft ( 1,524 mm ) gauge and was the first railway to operate in the state of Tennessee. By the turn of the twentieth century, the NC&;StL grew into one of the most important railway systems in

540-534: The area, including the "Old Confederate Cemetery" located about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) south of Murfreesboro, and reinterred here. Some 2,000 – about 90% unnamed – soldiers, are buried in the Circle. The perimeter of the Circle is marked by stone posts bearing the names of each of the Confederate States. Individual burial markers for some of the known dead are located near the corresponding state posts. The Circle

570-691: The battlefield in five acquisitions. Some of the land was sold to the National Park Service and incorporated into the national battlefield. Within park boundaries is Stones River National Cemetery, 20.09 acres (81,300 m) with 6,850 interments (2562 unidentified). Just outside the cemetery proper is the Hazen Brigade Monument (1863), the oldest surviving American Civil War monument standing in its original location. The 32nd Indiana Monument at Cave Hill National Cemetery in Louisville, Kentucky

600-620: The battlefields of Stones River, Murfreesboro , Franklin , Shelbyville , Tullahoma and Cowan . Reburials began in 1865 and were completed by 1867. At the time, most of the Confederate dead were taken to their hometowns or to the nearest southern community. Some, however, were buried in a mass grave south of town. They were later reinterred in another mass grave, Confederate Circle in Evergreen Cemetery in Murfreesboro. In November 1867,

630-466: The bodies of 1,360 Union soldiers were removed to Stones River from Rose Hill Cemetery in Columbia, Tennessee , where a national cemetery had earlier been planned. The cemetery was transferred from the War Department to the National Park Service on August 10, 1933. Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway The Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway was a railway company that operated in

SECTION 20

#1732858382784

660-747: The city of Nashville allowed the Nashville Steam Preservation Society to take out a 23-year renewable lease on the locomotive. The locomotive is currently at the Tennessee Central Railway Museum under restoration to working order and use for weekend excursion runs from downtown Nashville east to Watertown. Two other NC&StL steamers survive, 0-4-0Ts that used to work in the shops. They are stored in Taylorsville and are in either private ownership or abandoned. They appear to still have yellow-painted handrails. In 2004,

690-525: The end of 1956, mileages were 1,043 and 1,791. The railroad's named passenger trains included: The railroad came to be advertised as the "Dixie Line", beginning in the 1920s. The railroad also operated the Quickstep (name dropped before 1910, then known as Nos. 3 and 4), Georgian , City of Memphis , Volunteer , an unnamed night train (formerly the Memphis Limited ), a Nashville-Hickman local, plus

720-426: The final stretch into Fayetteville. The railroad's only heavy repair shops for locomotives and cars were located in Nashville , Tennessee. The first roundhouse and machine shop were built in 1850, which were expanded by Confederate troops during the Civil War. By 1888 the shops had become obsolete and inadequate, so they were moved to a larger tract of land two miles west, below Charlotte Avenue. The new shops featured

750-460: The river. The Stones River Battlefield and Park Association was chartered on April 28, 1896, after the establishment of Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park increased interest in preserving significant Civil War battlefields. The association secured options on property connected with the battle, reportedly 3,400 acres (14 km) by June 1897. Association members erected wooden signs to mark and interpret battlefield locations. In 1912,

780-452: The twentieth century, the railroad emphasized the battlefield as a destination to increase passenger traffic. It promoted veteran reunions and acquired parts of the battlefield as points of historical interest. In 1906, the company erected a 31-foot (9.4 m) obelisk to commemorate the January 2, 1863, position of massed Union artillery used to repel a Confederate assault on Union troops across

810-519: The way to Chattanooga , down the line of the railroad. The tracks and bridges were repeatedly damaged and repaired, and the rolling stock was largely destroyed. At different times the trains carried supplies for both armies. In 1885, the railroad successfully defended itself before the Supreme Court in Nashville, C. & St. L. R. Co. v. United States from repaying postage payments for mail in 1861 that

840-581: Was considered an engineering marvel of the time. Due to terrain difficulties, the rail line crossed into Alabama and Georgia for short distances. Towns sprang up during construction, including Tullahoma and Estill Springs . During the Civil War , the rail line was strategic to both the Union and Confederate armies. The Tennessee campaigns of 1862 and 1863 saw Union troops force the Confederates from Nashville all

870-537: Was cosmetically restored to original scheme and number. In the process, the locomotive was found to be runnable. It is important as the first transistorized remote-control locomotive in the U.S. (converted in 1962). Evergreen Cemetery (Murfreesboro, Tennessee) Evergreen Cemetery is a 90-acre (36 ha) cemetery located in Murfreesboro, Tennessee . The cemetery began as a slave cemetery until its owner Dr. James Maney (the owner of Oaklands Plantation ), deeded

900-515: Was not delivered because of the war. After the war. the company purchased the Nashville and Northwestern Railroad and the Hickman and Obion Railroad to Hickman, Kentucky , to reach the Mississippi River . In 1873, it was reincorporated as the Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway (NC&StL); the company's tracks never actually reached St. Louis, Missouri , in the north. In early 1877,

#783216