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47-401: The stern is the back or aft -most part of a ship or boat , technically defined as the area built up over the sternpost , extending upwards from the counter rail to the taffrail . The stern lies opposite the bow , the foremost part of a ship. Originally, the term only referred to the aft port section of the ship, but eventually came to refer to the entire back of a vessel. The stern end of
94-445: A lower counter and a second or upper counter. The lower counter stretches from directly above the wing transom to the lower counter rail, and the upper counter from the lower counter rail to the upper counter rail, immediately under the stern's lowest set of windows (which in naval parlance were called "lights"). The visual unpopularity of Seppings 's rounded stern was soon rectified by Sir William Symonds . In this revised stern,
141-1246: A sailing ship Aftercastle Afterdeck Anchor Anchor windlass Apparent wind indicator Beakhead Bilge Bilgeboard Bitts Boom brake Bow or prow Bowsprit Cable Capstan Cathead Carpenter's walk Centreboard Chains Cockpit Companionway Crow's nest Daggerboard Deck Figurehead Forecastle Frame Gangway Gunwale Head Hold Hull Jackline Jibboom Keel Canting Kelson Leeboard Mast Orlop deck Outrigger Poop deck Port Porthole Quarter gallery Quarterdeck Rib Rudder Ship's wheel Skeg Stem Starboard Stern or poop Sternpost Strake Taffrail Tiller Top Transom Whipstaff Winch Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_ship_directions&oldid=1259372042 " Categories : Nautical terminology Sailing ship components Hidden categories: Webarchive template wayback links Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Age of sail The Age of Sail
188-454: A "cutaway stern". The elliptical stern began use during the age of sail , but remained very popular for both merchant and warships well into the nautical age of steam and through the first eight decades of steamship construction (roughly 1840–1920). Despite the design's leaving the rudder exposed and vulnerable in combat situations, many counter-sterned warships survived both World Wars, and stylish high-end vessels sporting them were coming off
235-483: A Bermudan boat with this form of counter, using the term "square tuck stern" to describe it. The term "tuck" is used in the northwest of England for this area of the hull at the sternpost, and for the bulkhead across the counter if one is fitted. The fantail stern widens from the waterline as it goes upwards. It was found on many 19th century tea clippers and the ill-fated RMS Titanic . A bustle stern refers to any kind of stern (transom, elliptical, etc.) that has
282-407: A kind of stern with a low rounded shape that is nearly flat at the waterline, but which then slopes upward in a conical fashion towards the deck (practical for small high-speed power boats with very shallow drafts). A Costanzi stern is a type of stern designed for use on ocean-going vessels. Its hard- chined design is a compromise between the 'spoon-shaped' stern usually found on ocean liners , and
329-432: A large "bustle" or blister at the waterline below the stern to prevent the stern from "squatting" when getting underway. It only appears in sailboats, never in power-driven craft. An ice horn is a triangular stern component that protects a ship's rudder and prop while traveling in reverse. Aft (Redirected from Aft ) List of terms applying to spatial orientation in
376-500: A lower deck of a ship. Yardarm: an end of a yard spar below a sail. Waterline: where the water surface meets the ship's hull. Weather: side or direction from which wind blows (same as "windward"). Windward: side or direction from which wind blows (opposite of "leeward"). Date of first use [ edit ] "Aboard": 14th century "Aft": 1580 "Outboard": 1694 "Inboard": 1830 "Belowdecks": 1897. See also [ edit ] Deck (ship) - defines
423-459: A marine environment or location on a vessel "Aft" redirects here. For other uses, see AFT . "Aloft" redirects here. For hotel brand, see Aloft Hotels . For the 2014 film, see Aloft (film) . "Ashore" redirects here. For the June Tabor album, see Ashore (album) . [REDACTED] Aft This list of ship directions provides succinct definitions for terms applying to spatial orientation in
470-410: A marine environment or location on a vessel, such as fore , aft , astern , aboard , or topside . Terms [ edit ] Abaft (preposition): at or toward the stern of a ship, or further back from a location, e.g. "the mizzenmast is abaft the mainmast". Aboard: onto or within a ship, or in a group. Above: a higher deck of the ship. Aft (adjective) : toward the stern (rear) of
517-466: A much shorter European-Asian sea route , which coincided with more fuel-efficient steamships, starting with Agamemnon in 1865. By 1873, the Age of Sail for warships had ended, with HMS Devastation commissioned in 1871. Devastation was the first class of ocean-going battleships that did not carry sails. Sailing ships continued to be an economical way to transport bulk cargo on long voyages into
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#1732851816156564-478: A non-watertight counter which is boarded across the fashion timbers curving outward aft from the transom. Some working boats and modern replicas have a similar form of counter, built to be water tight as described in the "transom stern" section above. These are being confused with lute sterns but as a lute is not watertight, a better term is needed. Chappelle in American Small Sailing Craft refers to
611-417: A result, cargo and supplies could reach a foreign port in a fraction of the time it took a sailing ship. Sailing vessels were pushed into narrower and narrower economic niches and gradually disappeared from commercial trade. Today, sailing vessels are only economically viable for small-scale coastal fishing, along with recreational uses such as yachting and passenger sail excursion ships. In recent decades,
658-408: A set of straight post timbers (also called "whiskers", "horn timbers", or "fan tail timbers") stretches from the keel diagonally aft and upward. It rests on the top of the sternpost and runs on either side of the rudder post (thus creating the "helm port" through which the rudder passes) to a point well above the vessel's waterline. Whereas the timbers of the transom stern all heeled on the wing transom,
705-429: A ship is indicated with a white navigation light at night. Sterns on European and American wooden sailing ships began with two principal forms: the square or transom stern and the elliptical , fantail , or merchant stern, and were developed in that order. The hull sections of a sailing ship located before the stern were composed of a series of U-shaped rib-like frames set in a sloped or "cant" arrangement, with
752-399: A ship. For example, "Able Seaman Smith; lie aft!" or "What's happening aft?". Comparative is "after", e.g. "the mizzenmast is after than the mainmast". The difference between "aft" and "stern" is that aft is the inside (on board) rearmost part of the vessel, while stern refers to the outside (offboard) rearmost part of the vessel. The stern is opposite the bow, the outside (offboard) of
799-436: A stern. Though a great improvement over the transom stern in terms of its vulnerability to attack when under fire, elliptical sterns still had obvious weaknesses which the next major stern development—the iron-hulled cruiser stern—addressed far better and with significantly different materials. In naval architecture, the term transom has two meanings. First, it can be any of the individual beams that run side-to-side or "athwart"
846-453: Is a period in European history that lasted at the latest from the mid-16th (or mid-15th) to the mid-19th centuries, in which the dominance of sailing ships in global trade and warfare culminated, particularly marked by the introduction of naval artillery , and ultimately reached its highest extent at the advent of steam power . Enabled by the advances of the related Age of Navigation , it
893-620: Is identified as a distinctive element of the early modern period and the Age of Discovery . Like most periodic eras , defining the age is inexact and serves only as a general description. The term is used differently for warships and merchant vessels. By the 14th century naval artillery was employed in Europe, documented at the Battle of Arnemuiden (1338). The 15th century saw the Iberian naval ventures all
940-526: Is sometimes referred to as the "Golden Age of Sail". The second sea-going steamboat was Richard Wright's first steamboat Experiment , an ex-French lugger ; she steamed from Leeds to Yarmouth in July 1813. The first iron steamship to go to sea was the 116-ton Aaron Manby , built in 1821 by Aaron Manby at the Horseley Ironworks , and became the first iron-built vessel to put to sea when she crossed
987-619: The English Channel in 1822, arriving in Paris on 22 June. She carried passengers and freight to Paris in 1822 at an average speed of 8 knots (9 mph, 14 km/h). The first purpose-built steam battleship was the 90-gun Napoléon in 1850. Multiple steam battleships saw action during the Crimean war , especially the Allied (British, French and Ottoman) fleet Bombardment of Sevastopol as part of
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#17328518161561034-674: The Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855) . The first ironclad battleship, Gloire , was launched by the French Navy in November 1859. In the March 1862 Battle of Hampton Roads , the ironclad CSS Virginia fought USS Monitor , making this the first fight between ironclads. The Suez Canal in the Middle East, which opened in 1869, was more practical for steamships than for sailing ships, achieving
1081-425: The 15th and 18th centuries, especially in the baroque era, when wedding-cake-like structures became so heavy that crews sometimes threw the decoration overboard rather than be burdened with its useless weight. Until a new form of stern appeared in the 19th century, the transom stern was a floating house—and required just as many timbers, walls, windows, and frames. The stern frame provided the foundational structure of
1128-428: The 1920s and 1930s, though steamships soon pushed them out of those trades as well. Sailing ships do not require fuel or complex engines to be powered; thus they tended to be more independent from sophisticated dedicated support bases on land. Crucially though, steam-powered ships held a speed advantage and were rarely hindered by adverse winds, freeing steam-powered vessels from the necessity of following trade winds . As
1175-450: The 20th century); the vertical transom stern or plumb stern is raked neither forward nor back, but falls directly from the taffrail down to the wing transom. The rocket ship stern is a term for an extremely angled retroussé stern. A double ended ship with a very narrow square counter formed from the bulwarks or upper deck above the head of the rudder is said to have a pink stern or pinky stern. The torpedo stern or torpedo-boat stern describes
1222-571: The 20th century. The intent of this re-design was to protect the steering gear by bringing it below the armor deck. The stern now came to a point rather than a flat panel or a gentle curve, and the counter reached from the sternpost all the way to the taffrail in a continuous arch. It was soon discovered that vessels with cruiser sterns experienced less water resistance when under way than those with elliptical sterns, and between World War I and World War II most merchant ship designs soon followed suit. None of these three main types of stern has vanished from
1269-486: The Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary", Merriam-Webster Dictionary, May 2012, web: MW-ab ^ "Aground - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary", Merriam-Webster Dictionary, May 2012, web: MW-agr ^ "Ahull - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary", Merriam-Webster Dictionary, May 2012, web: MW-ahull ^ "Alee - Definition and More from
1316-555: The Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary", Merriam-Webster Dictionary, May 2012, web: MW-alee ^ "Aport - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary", Merriam-Webster Dictionary, May 2012, web: MW-aport ^ "Ashore - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary", Merriam-Webster Dictionary, May 2012, web: MW-ash ^ "Astarboard - Definition and More from Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary", Merriam-Webster Dictionary, May 2012, web: MW-astar ^ "Astern - Definition and More from
1363-694: The Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary", Merriam-Webster Dictionary, May 2012, web: MW-astern ^ "Aweather - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary", Merriam-Webster Dictionary, May 2012, web: MW-aweat ^ "Aweigh - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary", Merriam-Webster Dictionary, May 2012, web: MW-aweigh ^ "Belowdecks - Definition and More from Merriam-Webster Dictionary", Merriam-Webster Dictionary, May 2012, web: MW-belowd ^ "Bilge - Definition and More from Merriam-Webster Dictionary", Merriam-Webster Dictionary, May 2012, web: MW-bilge ^ "Inboard - Definition and More from
1410-647: The Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary", Merriam-Webster Dictionary, May 2012, web: MW-inb ^ "Bilge keel - Definition and More from Merriam-Webster Dictionary", Merriam-Webster Dictionary, May 2012, web: MW-bilgek ^ "Windward - Definition and More from Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary", Merriam-Webster Dictionary, May 2012, web: MW-windw ^ "Deck - Definition and More from Merriam-Webster Dictionary", Merriam-Webster Dictionary, May 2012, web: MW-deck ^ "Definition of ABOARD" . www.merriam-webster.com . Retrieved August 28, 2019 . ^ "Onboard - Definition and More from
1457-792: The Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary", Merriam-Webster Dictionary, May 2012, web: MW-onb ^ "Outboard - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary", Merriam-Webster Dictionary, May 2012, web: MW-outb ^ "Underdeck - Definition and More from Merriam-Webster Dictionary", Merriam-Webster Dictionary, May 2012, web: MW-underd ^ "aft" . Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press . (Subscription or participating institution membership required.) ^ "outboard" . Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press . (Subscription or participating institution membership required.) v t e Parts of
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1504-408: The commercial shipping industry has been reviving interest in wind assisted ships as a way to conserve fuel in the interest of sustainability . A New Age of Sail has been predicted by some experts to occur by 2030, driven by a revolution in energy technology and a desire to reduce carbon emissions from maritime shipping through wind-assisted propulsion . The book Trade Winds: A Voyage to
1551-473: The flat transom, often required for fitting azimuth thrusters . The design allows for improved seagoing characteristics. It is the stern design on Queen Mary 2 , and was originally proposed for SS Oceanic and Eugenio C , both constructed in the 1960s. A lute stern is to be found on inshore craft on the Sussex, England, shore. It comprises a watertight transom with the topside planking extended aft to form
1598-467: The front of the boat. The term derives from the Old English æftan (“behind”). Adrift: floating in the water without propulsion. Aground: resting on the shore or wedged against the sea floor. Ahull: with sails furled and helm lashed alee. Alee: on or toward the lee (the downwind side). Aloft: the stacks, masts, rigging, or other area above the highest solid structure. Amidships: near
1645-416: The hull at any point abaft the fashion timber; second, it can refer specifically to the flat or slightly curved surface that is the very back panel of a transom stern. In this sense, a transom stern is the product of the use of a series of transoms, and hence the two terms have blended. The stern of a traditional sailing ship housed the captain's quarters and became increasingly large and elaborate between
1692-456: The last frame before the stern being called the fashion timber(s) or fashion piece(s) , so called for "fashioning" the after part of the ship. This frame is designed to support the various beams that make up the stern. In 1817 the British naval architect Sir Robert Seppings introduced the concept of a rounded stern. The square stern had been an easy target for enemy cannon, and could not support
1739-430: The middle part of a ship. Aport: toward the port side of a ship (opposite of "astarboard"). Ashore: on or towards the shore or land. Astarboard: toward the starboard side of a ship (opposite of "aport"). Astern (adjective) : toward the rear of a ship (opposite of "forward"). Athwartships: toward the sides of a ship. Aweather: toward the weather or windward side of a ship. Aweigh: just clear of
1786-437: The modern naval architectural repertoire, and all three continue to be used in one form or another by designers for many uses. Variations on these basic designs have resulted in an outflow of "new" stern types and names, only some of which are itemized here. The reverse stern, reverse transom stern, sugar-scoop, or retroussé stern is a kind of transom stern that is raked backwards (common on modern yachts, rare on vessels before
1833-409: The sea floor, as with an anchor. Below: a lower deck of the ship. Belowdecks: inside or into a ship, or down to a lower deck. Bilge: the underwater part of a ship between the flat of the bottom and the vertical topsides Bottom: the lowest part of the ship's hull . Bow: front of a ship (opposite of "stern") Centerline or centreline: an imaginary, central line drawn from the bow to
1880-420: The ship Onboard: somewhere on or in the ship. Outboard: attached outside the ship. Port: the left side of the ship, when facing forward (opposite of "starboard"). Starboard: the right side of the ship, when facing forward (opposite of "port"). Stern: the rear of a ship (opposite of "bow"). Topside: the top portion of the outer surface of a ship on each side above the waterline. Underdeck:
1927-463: The stern. Fore or forward: at or toward the front of a ship or further ahead of a location (opposite of "aft") Preposition form is "before", e.g. "the mainmast is before the mizzenmast". Inboard: attached inside the ship. Keel : the bottom structure of a ship's hull . Leeward: side or direction away from the wind (opposite of "windward"). On deck: to an outside or muster deck (as "all hands on deck"). On board: on, onto, or within
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1974-422: The timbers of the elliptical stern all heel on the whiskers, to which they are affixed at a 45° angle (i.e., "canted") when viewed from overhead and decrease in length as they are installed aft until the curvature is complete. The finished stern has a continuous curved edge around the outside and is raked aft. Other names for the elliptical stern include a "counter stern", in reference to its very long counter, and
2021-431: The transom stern, and was composed of the sternpost, wing transom, and fashion piece. Abaft the fashion timber, the transom stern was composed of two different kinds of timbers: The flat surface of any transom stern may begin either at or above the waterline of the vessel. The geometric line which stretches from the wing transom to the archboard is called the counter ; a large vessel may have two such counters, called
2068-472: The various decks on ships Port and starboard - explanation, with signal lights, and history Glossary of nautical terms (disambiguation) References [ edit ] ^ "Ship Directions - TKDTutor" (glossary), TKDtutor.com, 2012, web: SD Archived 2012-05-26 at the Wayback Machine . ^ "Aboard - Definition and More from
2115-611: The way along the African Atlantic coast and across the Atlantic Ocean, starting the Age of Discovery . For warships, the age of sail runs roughly from the Battle of Lepanto in 1571, the last significant engagement in which oar -propelled galleys played a major role, to the development of steam-powered warships . The period between the mid-19th century to the early 20th century, when sailing vessels reached their peak of size and complexity (e.g. clippers and windjammers ),
2162-465: The ways into the 1950s, including the US-flagged sisters SS Constitution and SS Independence . As ships of wooden construction gave way to iron and steel, the cruiser stern—another design without transoms and known variously as the canoe stern, parabolic stern, and the double-ended stern—became the next prominent development in ship stern design, particularly in warships of the earlier half of
2209-425: The weight of heavy stern chase guns . But Seppings' design left the rudder head exposed, and was regarded by many as simply ugly—no American warships were designed with such sterns, and the round stern was quickly superseded by the elliptical stern. The United States began building the first elliptical stern warship in 1820, a decade before the British. USS Brandywine became the first sailing ship to sport such
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