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19-479: It serves medium-sized airliners with 14 parking spaces. In 1934, in the city of Pyatigorsk , the 220th civil aviation detachment was created to transport passengers, cargo and mail throughout the region; this event is the beginning of the history of the Stavropol aviation enterprise. In 1937, the 220th aviation detachment was transferred to Voroshilovsk (now Stavropol). The airfield was located in an open area east of

38-483: A winery , a dairy , a brewery , a confectionery ), textiles ( clothing , shoe plant, carpet factories), machine industry and metal working (PО Pyatigorskselmash specializes in machines and equipment for aviculture ; a special automobile equipment works, an electromechanical plant, etc.); mining, a chemical factory and a ceramics factory who specialize in porcelain and ceramic gifts such as samovars , figurines, vases, and decorative ceramic wall hanging panels. In 1991,

57-615: A small plateau, 512 meters (1,680 ft) above sea level , at the foot of Beshtau , Mashuk , and three other outliers of the Caucasus Mountains , which protect it on the north. The snow-covered summits of Mount Elbrus are visible to the south. The climate of Pyatigorsk falls within humid continental (Dfb) classification under the Köppen-Geiger climate classification system and is characterized by absence of sharp fluctuations of annual and daily temperatures. Summers are warm with

76-465: Is a small stone pavilion in the classical style , constructed by the brothers Bernardacci in 1828. Diana's grotto was built in 1830, in honor of the first ascent of Mount Elbrus . Pyatigorsk features in Jonathan Littell 's 2009 novel, The Kindly Ones . Elina Avanesyan , tennis player Asteroid 2192 Pyatigoriya discovered in 1972 by Soviet astronomer Tamara Smirnova is named after

95-416: The city of krai significance of Pyatigorsk —an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts . As a municipal division , the city of krai significance of Pyatigorsk is incorporated as Pyatigorsk Urban Okrug Daria Kuznetsova is a local leader. The industry of Pyatigorsk is primarily oriented towards service of the health resort. There is also food industry (a meat-processing plant,

114-538: The Caucasus Mountains overlooking the city. Founded in 1780, it has been a health spa with mineral springs since 1803, as part of the Caucasian Mineral Waters . Russian poet Mikhail Lermontov was shot by Nikolai Martynov in a duel at Pyatigorsk on July 27, 1841. There is a museum in the city devoted to his memory. The Zionist activist Joseph Trumpeldor was born in Pyatigorsk. The writings of

133-641: The Russian Empire , the settlement was the administrative capital of the Pyatigorsky Otdel of the Terek Oblast . During World War II the German Wehrmacht temporarily occupied Pyatigorsk. The Einsatzkommando  12 of Einsatzgruppe  D had its headquarters in Pyatigorsk in 1942. The German occupation resulted in the killing of many Jewish inhabitants of the region. The city is situated on

152-577: The administrative center of the North Caucasian Federal District of Russia. Population: 142,511 ( 2010 Census ) ; 140,559 ( 2002 Census ) ; 129,499 ( 1989 Soviet census ) . The name is derived from the fused Russian words " пять гор " ( five mountains ) and the city is so called because of the five peaks of the Beshtau (which also means five mountains in Turkic ) of

171-492: The 14th-century Arabian traveler Ibn Battuta included the earliest known mention of the mineral springs. Peter the Great (reigned 1682–1725) fostered the earliest scientific study of them, but the information collected on his expedition has not survived. Interest revived at the end of the 18th century with the foundation of the first Russian settlement (Konstantinogorskaya fortress), erected at Mt. Mashuk in 1780. The value of

190-468: The Caucasian mineral waters led to the construction of a resort in 1803, and studies of their medical properties began thereafter: on April 24, Alexander I signed a decree which made the mineral waters state property. Many settlements developed near the springs: first Goryachevodsk (now part of Pyatigorsk) at the bottom of Mt. Mashuk, then Kislovodsk , Yessentuki , and Zheleznovodsk . During

209-471: The Kislovodsk city and its surroundings. They include the sites of Industria I, Sultan-gora I, Berezovka I, Berezovka II, Berezovka III, Berezovka IV. Within the framework of administrative divisions , it is, together with seven rural localities , incorporated as the city of krai significance of Kislovodsk —an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts . As a municipal division ,

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228-493: The Pyatigorsk health resort had ten sanatoria , four boarding houses and five sanatoria-preventoria. The state memorial estate of Mikhail Lermontov was founded in 1973. It unites all of the Lermontov memorial places in the region: the place where he fought his duel and was killed, a necropolis , Lermontov's small house, Verzilin 's houses, the house of Alexander Alyabyev , the Lermontov square, and monument. The Aeolian harp

247-634: The Yugoslav capital Belgrade . It was also a small military training base, previously home to the Stavropol Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots and Navigators PVO im. Marshal of Aviation V.A. Sudts (SVVAULSh), and 163rd Separate Training Aviation Squadron (OUAE) flying the Mil Mi-8 . The school was formed on 1 November 1969 and controlled four training aviation regiments (at Salsk , Khankala, Tikhoretsk, and Kholodnogorsk). In 1993,

266-503: The average July temperature of +21 °C (70 °F) while winters, lasting two to three months, are cold, with the average January temperature of −4 °C (25 °F). Spring is cool, with a sharp transition by the summer, and a warm, dry, and long fall. There are an average of ninety-eight sunny days in a year. Within the framework of administrative divisions , it is, together with two urban-type settlements ( Goryachevodsky and Svobody ) and five rural localities , incorporated as

285-528: The city of krai significance of Kislovodsk is incorporated as Kislovodsk Urban Okrug . The city is located in the North Caucasus region of Russia which is located between the Black and Caspian Seas. Nobel Prize winner Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn (1918-2008) was a native of Kislovodsk. A museum was planned in the house he was born. Renovations were to begin in 2011. Nikolai Yaroshenko 's (1846-1898) memorial house

304-543: The city translates as "sour water" and originated due to the abundance of narzan  [ ru ] mineral-water ( Russian : нарзан , romanized :  narzan ) springs in the area. The settlement gained town status in 1903. Several of the events in Mikhail Lermontov 's 1840 novel A Hero of Our Time take place in Kislovodsk. Numerous settlements of the Koban culture (ca. 1100 to 400 BC) are found in

323-678: The city. Pyatigorsk is twinned with: Kislovodsk Kislovodsk ( Russian : Кислово́дск ; Kabardian : Нартсанэ ; Karachay-Balkar : Ачысуу ) is a spa city in Stavropol Krai , in the North Caucasus region of Russia which is located between the Black and Caspian Seas . It is part of the Caucasian Mineral Waters region. Population: 128,553 ( 2010 Census ) ; 129,788 ( 2002 Census ) ; 114,414 ( 1989 Soviet census ) . The Russian-language name of

342-586: The railway station (area of the Elektroavtomatika plant). With the German Operation Barbarossa , the entire personnel of the 220th aviation squadron went to the front. During the war years, many of the Stavropol air squad were awarded military orders, and the pilot B.T. Kalinkin ( ru:Калинкин, Борис Тихонович ) became a Hero of the Soviet Union for saving Josip Broz Tito during the siege of

361-694: The school was renamed the Stavropol Higher Aviation Engineering Institute, with schools at Stavropol, Daugavpils and Lomonosov. The Institute was disestablished in 2009-10. Pyatigorsk Pyatigorsk ( Russian : Пятиго́рск ; Circassian : Псыхуабэ, Psıxwabæ ) is a city in Stavropol Krai , Russia located on the Podkumok River , about 20 kilometers (12 mi) from the town of Mineralnye Vody , which has an international airport, and about 45 kilometers (28 mi) from Kislovodsk . Since January 19, 2010, it has been

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