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27-529: The name of the town means "the place of the old man" in Serbian ( starac , "elder"). The Neolithic Starčevo culture was named after the Starčevo site . Ethnic groups in the town: This South Banat District , Vojvodina location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Star%C4%8Devo culture The Starčevo culture is an archaeological culture of Southeastern Europe , dating to

54-1089: A later date in comparison to sites to the south of them and vice versa. In a 2017 genetic study published in Nature , the remains of five males ascribed to the early Starčevo culture from Hungary were analyzed. With regards to Y-DNA extracted, three belonged to subclades of G2a2 , and two belonged to H2 . mtDNA extracted were subclades of T1a2 , K1a4a1 , N1a1a1 , W5 and X2d1 . A 2018 study published in Nature analyzed three samples from Croatia and one from Serbia, they belonged to Y-DNA haplogroup C-CTS3151, H2-L281 and I2 while mtDNA haplogroup J1c2, K1a4a1, U5b2b and U8b1b1. In 2022 were analysed two samples, female from Grad-Starčevo with mtDNA haplogroup T2e2 and male from Vinča-Belo Brdo with Y-DNA haplogroup G2a2a1a3 and mtDNA haplogroup HV-16311. According to ADMIXTURE analysis, Starčevo samples had approximately 87-100% Early European Farmers , 0-9% Western Hunter-Gatherer and 0-10% Western Steppe Herders -related ancestry. The pottery

81-545: A regional subtype of the final variant in the long process of development of that Neolithic culture. In 1990, Starčevo was added to the Archaeological Sites of Exceptional Importance list, protected by Republic of Serbia . In Kosovo, the Starčevo material culture has been found in pre-Vinca layers in the sites of Vlashnjë and Runik . Vin%C4%8Da-Belo Brdo Vinča-Belo Brdo ( Serbian : Винча-Бело брдо )

108-490: A second cluster of sites that developed ca. 6200-6000 BCE in southern and central Serbia. The next expansion is located in eastern Serbia ( Lepenski Vir ) ca. 6100 BCE and since ca. 6000 BCE another cluster of settlements appears in northern Serbia. This general route of expansion suggests a wave of expansion model along river routes like the Morava Valley , but it is not a strictly defined model as not all northern sites are of

135-439: Is a much more probable point of origin of the population movement along the river routes towards the central Balkans. As of 2020, the two oldest dated sites are Crkvina near Miokovci , Serbia and Runik , Kosovo which are statistically indistinguishable to each other and have been dated to ca. 6238 BCE (6362-6098 BCE at 95% CI ) and ca. 6185 BCE (6325–6088 BCE at 95% Cl) respectively. These two earliest sites were followed by

162-632: Is an archaeological site in Vinča , a suburb of Belgrade , Serbia . The tell of Belo Brdo ('White Hill') is almost entirely made up of the remains of human settlement, and was occupied several times from the Early Neolithic (c. 5700 BCE) through to the Middle Ages . The most substantial archaeological deposits are from the Neolithic- Chalcolithic Vinča culture , of which Vinča-Belo Brdo

189-459: Is one of the largest tell sites in the Balkans, covering 10 hectares of land with 9 metres of cultural deposits and a total height of 10.5 metres. The first archaeological excavations at Vinča were carried out by prominent Serbian archaeologist Miloje Vasić starting in 1908. These were interrupted by the outbreak of World War I and, apart from a brief season in 1924, Vasić was unable to obtain

216-496: Is speculated that this practice may be linked to the wealth of individual households as measured in cattle. Later, however, Belo Brdo was to some degree eclipsed by the nearby site of Vršac , which became the centre of the much more widespread exchange of ornaments made from Spondylus shells. Subsequently, in the Late Vinča phase figurines became less widely circulated, and at the same time more standardised in form (in contrast to

243-508: Is the type site . Vinča is situated on the right bank of the Danube , 14 km downstream from Belgrade , on a high loess terrace. This location was attractive to its Neolithic settlers: the Danube on one side provided water and fishing while on the other the valley of the river Bolečica connected it to a hinterland rich in minerals, ores, hunting grounds and fertile agricultural soils. Belo Brdo

270-548: Is usually coarse but finer fluted and painted vessels later emerged. A type of bone spatula , perhaps for scooping flour, is a distinctive artifact . The Körös is a similar culture in Hungary named after the River Körös with a closely related culture which also used footed vessels but fewer painted ones. Both have given their names to the wider culture of the region in that period. Parallel and closely related cultures also include

297-612: The Bodrogkeresztúr culture , a very small Baden culture settlement and some evidence of visits by people of the Kostolac culture . There was a large but short-lived Bronze Age settlement belonging to the Vatin culture . In the Iron Age the size of the tell made it an attractive location for a significant Celtic hill fort complete with defensive earthworks. The most recent historical use of

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324-725: The Karanovo culture in Bulgaria , Criş in Romania and the pre- Sesklo in Greece . The Starčevo culture covered a sizable area that included much of present-day western and southern Serbia , Montenegro (except for the coastal region), Kosovo , parts of eastern Albania , eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina , western Bulgaria , eastern Croatia , Hungary , North Macedonia and Romania . The westernmost locality of this culture can be found in Croatia , in

351-586: The Neolithic period between c. 6200 and 4500 BCE . It originates in the spread of the Neolithic package of peoples and technological innovations including farming and ceramics from Anatolia to the area of Sesklo . The Starčevo culture marks its spread to the inland Balkan peninsula as the Cardial ware culture did along the Adriatic coastline. It forms part of the wider Starčevo–Körös–Criş culture which gave rise to

378-470: The 47 years between Vasić's and the present research the site suffered considerable damage from unauthorized excavations and looting. The earliest deposits at Belo Brdo date to around 5700 BCE and belong to the Early Neolithic Starčevo culture . Evidence for this phase of occupation is scant owing to the disruption of the later Vinča settlement, and consists mainly of one large grave containing

405-543: The central European Linear Pottery culture c. 700 years after the initial spread of Neolithic farmers towards the northern Balkans. The Starčevo site , the type site , is located on the north bank of the Danube near the village of Starčevo in Serbia ( Vojvodina province), opposite Belgrade . The Starčevo culture represents a northern expansion of Early Neolithic Farmers who settled from Anatolia to present-day central Greece and expanded northwards. It forms part of

432-562: The direction of Nikola Tasić and Gordana Vujović. Between 1982 and 1986 excavations, led by Dragoslav Srejović were carried out on the more prominent Neolithic occupation. Since 1998 an interdisciplinary team of experts led by Nenad Tasić, of the Belgrade University, has been excavating Vinča implementing various new techniques and methodologies to get answers to wide range of questions. This research has resulted in fine interpretation of individual cultural layers at Vinča [1] . In

459-827: The majority of the tell's stratigraphy , as new buildings were constructed on the debris left by periodic fires. Belo Brdo was a major Vinča centre and, at its peak, one of the largest settlements in Neolithic Europe. However, it was abandoned by 4900 BCE, some five centuries before the wider collapse of the Vinča culture. As in the earlier Starčevo occupation, the Vinča houses at Belo Brdo were constructed primarily from wood and clay, but they also made use of levelled foundations, insulation and decoration with paint and wall coverings. In later phases large (40 x 60 m ) rectangular buildings with internal divisions and fixed furniture (benches, braziers, waterwheels, tables, etc.) appeared alongside

486-608: The many idiosyncratic styles of the Early Vinča phase). They also began to be inscribed with Vinča symbols , which perhaps indicates that competition and conflict was arising between different groups within Belo Brdo trying to assert control over the flow of ritual goods. Belo Brdo has been occupied several times since the abandonment of the Vinča settlement, but not on the same scale. From the Copper Age there are four graves belonging to

513-459: The necessary funding to continue working on the site from the impoverished postwar Yugoslav government. However, with the financial backing of British businessman and archaeologist Sir Charles Hyde, Vasić was able to resume excavations, on a much larger scale, between 1929 and 1931. These piqued the interest of the British press and the site was subsequently visited by several prominent intellectuals of

540-453: The predominant one-roomed dwellings. The Vinča settlement was arranged on straight streets, fenced and considerably larger than that of the Starčevo period. The inhabitants' subsisted based both on the cultivation of grains ( einkorn , emmer and barley ) and husbandry of domesticated animals (primarily cattle , but also goats , sheep and pigs ). These agricultural practices probably continued to be supplemented by hunting and fishing in

567-468: The remains of eleven males. This collective burial is unusual for Starčevo sites, where individual inhumations are the norm. Otherwise the Starčevo finds at Belo Brdo are unremarkable, and it is only one of several contemporary Starčevo settlements in the vicinity of modern Belgrade. A century after the abandonment of the Starčevo settlement Belo Brdo was occupied by people of the Vinča culture . A total of thirteen building horizons from this period make up

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594-625: The site was a substantial Old Serbian necropolis . Vinča-Belo Brdo is classified as an Archaeological Site of Exceptional Importance by the Serbian government, entitling it to the highest level of state protection. Artefacts from the site are on display in exhibitions at the archaeological park, the National Museum of Belgrade , the Belgrade City Museum and the University of Belgrade Faculty of Philosophy . Vinča archeological site

621-416: The site was part of large-scale exchange networks. It is therefore thought that Belo Brdo was a key place in a wider Vinča prestige economy , and an abundance of ritual paraphernalia, especially anthropomorphic figurines, is characteristic of the site. Another ritual innovation of Early Vinča phase Belo Brdo was the bucranium cult, where the painted skulls of cattle were fixed to the interior of houses. It

648-460: The surrounding environs. In the Early Vinča phase Belo Brdo seems to have developed into a ritual centre for the entire region. The manufacture of various types of cult objects, including 'mushroom amulet' and 'animal head' jewellery made from semi-precious stones, first appeared there and then spread to other Vinča sites. The raw material for these objects often had to be imported from considerable distance, indicating also that from its earliest phase

675-655: The time, including Hyde, John Myres , Veselin Čajkanović , Walter Abel Heurtley and Bogdan Popović . Finds from these excavations are now in several UK museums including the Ashmolean Museum and the British Museum . Following campaigns at the site of Vinča started in 1978 under the auspices of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts . From 1978 to 1982 the project focused on the Bronze Age and later layers, under

702-416: The vicinity of Ždralovi , a part of the town of Bjelovar . The region of Slavonia in present-day Croatia is the westernmost area of settlement of the Starčevo culture. Between 6200-5500 BCE, this area saw intensive habitation and land use organized around Zadubravlje , Galovo , Sarvaš , Pepelane , Stari Perkovci and other sites. This was the final stage of the culture. Findings from Ždralovi belong to

729-453: The wider Starčevo–Körös–Criș culture . The river routes which traverse present-day North Macedonia have been suggested as the potential path of the movement of peoples and farming knowledge. The Sesklo site has been generally viewed as the direct point of northwards expansion, but in 2020 radiocarbon dating across several sites showed that the site in Mavropigi (ca. 180 northwest of Sesklo)

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