83-488: Sri Mahamariamman Temple may refer to these Mariamman Hindu temples: Sri Mahamariamman Temple, Bangkok or Sri Mariamman Temple Sri Mahamariamman Temple, Kuala Lumpur Seafield Sri Maha Mariamman Temple , Selangor Sri Maha Mariamman Temple riot , 2018 Sri Mahamariamman Temple, Penang Sri Mariamman Temple, Singapore See also [ edit ] Mariamman Temple (disambiguation) Topics referred to by
166-585: A talai , while the line is referred to as the ati . The sutras of the Tolkappiyam – particularly after sutra 315 – state the prosody rules, enumerating the 34 component parts of ancient Tamil poetry. The prosody of an example early Sangam poem is illustrated by Kuruntokai : Traditional ciṟuveḷ ḷaravi ṉavvarik kuruḷai kāṉa yāṉai aṇaṅki yāaṅ kiḷaiyaṇ muḷaivā ḷeyiṟṟaḷ vaḷaiyuṭaik kaiyaḷem maṇaṅki yōḷē – Kuruntokai 119 , Author: Catti Nataanr The prosodic pattern in this poem follows
249-571: A description of the Chola capital, the king Karikal, the life in a harbor city with ships and merchandise for seafaring trade, the dance troupes, the bards and artists, the worship of the Hindu god Vishnu , Murugan and the monasteries of Buddhism and Jainism. This Sangam era poem remained in the active memory and was significant to the Tamil people centuries later, as evidenced by its mention nearly 1,000 years later in
332-627: A fine edition of Tirukkuṟaḷ by 1860. Navalar – who translated the Bible into Tamil while working as an assistant to a Methodist Christian missionary, chose to defend and popularize Shaiva Hinduism against missionary polemics, in part by bringing ancient Tamil and Shaiva literature to wider attention. He brought the first Sangam text into print in 1851 ( Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai , one of the Ten Idylls ). In 1868, Navalar published an early commentary on Tolkappiyam . C.W. Damodaram Pillai , also from Jaffna ,
415-648: A part of Ettuttokai ): These claims of the Sangams and the description of sunken land masses Kumari Kandam have been dismissed as frivolous by historiographers. Noted historians like Kamil Zvelebil have stressed that the use of 'Sangam literature' to describe this corpus of literature is a misnomer and Classical literature should be used instead. According to Shulman, "there is not the slightest shred of evidence that any such [Sangam] literary academies ever existed", though there are many Pandya inscriptions that mention an academy of scholars. Of particular note, states Shulman,
498-448: A scholar of Tamil language and literature, the Tamil tradition believes that the Sangam literature arose in distant antiquity over three periods, each stretching over many millennia. The first has roots in the Hindu deity Shiva , his son Murugan , Kubera as well as 545 sages including the famed Rigvedic poet Agastya . The first academy, states the legend, extended over four millennia and
581-664: A special tribulation of having one of the sacred weapons, dagger, trident, or spear, inserted through their cheeks or tongues. Through this worship each individual achieves self-realization and awareness of others through samsara and moksha. In this self-realization a bonding with the goddess occurs, which is the underlining reason for the worship. Mulaikottu is a village festival celebrated in southern Tamil Nadu, particularly in villages of Madurai , Sivagangai , Dindugul , Ramanathapuram , Thoothukudi and Thirunelveli districts. By doing so they believe that they can get her blessing and sufficient rain for better cultivation. This festival
664-464: A window into some aspects of the ancient Tamil culture, secular and religious beliefs, and the people. For example, in the Sangam era Ainkurunuru poem 202 is one of the earliest mentions of "pigtail of Brahmin boys". These poems also allude to historical incidents, ancient Tamil kings, the effect of war on loved ones and households. The Pattinappalai poem in the Ten Idylls group, for example, paints
747-529: Is a classical Tamil poetic work and traditionally the fifth of the Eight Anthologies ( Ettuthokai ) in the Sangam literature. According to Tolkappiyam , Paripadal is a kind of verse dealing only with love ( akapporul ) and does not fall under the general classification of verses. Sangam literature (200 BCE to 500 CE) mentions Mayon or the "dark one," as the Supreme deity who creates, sustains, and destroys
830-453: Is an example of mutual love poetry. Similar tiṇai s pertain to puram poems as well, categories are sometimes based on activity: vetchi (cattle raid), vanchi (invasion, preparation for war), kanchi (tragedy), ulinai (siege), tumpai (battle), vakai (victory), paataan (elegy and praise), karanthai , and pothuviyal . The akam poetry uses metaphors and imagery to set the mood, never uses names of person or places, often leaves
913-447: Is another very popular temple dedicated to Mariamman in Matale , Sri Lanka [REDACTED] Media related to Mariamman at Wikimedia Commons Sangam literature The Sangam literature ( Tamil : சங்க இலக்கியம், caṅka ilakkiyam ), historically known as 'the poetry of the noble ones' ( Tamil : சான்றோர் செய்யுள், Cāṉṟōr ceyyuḷ ), connotes the early classical Tamil literature and
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#1732848098204996-517: Is based on the location or landscape in which the poetry is set. These are: kuṟiñci (குறிஞ்சி), mountainous regions; mullai (முல்லை), pastoral forests; marutam (மருதம்), riverine agricultural land; neytal (நெய்தல்) coastal regions; pālai (பாலை) arid. In addition to the landscape based tiṇai s, for akam poetry, ain-tinai (well matched, mutual love), kaikkilai (ill matched, one sided), and perunthinai (unsuited, big genre) categories are used. The Ainkurunuru – 500 short poems anthology –
1079-519: Is broadly classified into akam ( அகம் , inner), and puram ( புறம் , outer). The akam poetry is about emotions and feelings in the context of romantic love, sexual union and eroticism. The puram poetry is about exploits and heroic deeds in the context of war and public life. Approximately three-fourths of the Sangam poetry is akam themed, and about one fourth is puram . Sangam literature, both akam and puram , can be subclassified into seven minor genre called tiṇai (திணை). This minor genre
1162-467: Is called Ammadi (The person who depicted as Amman). The amandi takes the karagam and gave to temple. All paris are brought into the Amman temple from the houses on the tenth day of thandal. The paris remain in the Amman temple for one night and on the next day (the last day, eleventh day, Wednesday), and after a pooja, the paries will be issued back to their respective member. The Ammadi again takes karagam and
1245-630: Is deified and named as Mariamman, and becomes the goddess of the pariahs. In northern India, Shitala is worshipped in a similar way, predominantly by the Rajput/Kshatriya community. Shitala has a legend and plays a similar role in protecting villages from diseases. Mariamman cures all so-called "heat-based" diseases like pox and rashes . During the summer months in South India (March to June), people walk miles carrying pots of water mixed with turmeric and neem leaves to ward off illnesses like
1328-449: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Mariamman Mariamman , often abbreviated to Amman , is a Hindu goddess of weather , predominantly venerated in the rural areas of South India . Her festivals are held during the late summer/early autumn season of Ādi throughout Tamil Nadu and the Deccan region, the largest being
1411-416: Is generally celebrated in between Any Tamil month of panguni to Purattasi. The festival lasts for 11 days. (Sunday of first week to Wednesday of second week). On the auspicious beginning of the village festival, a village meeting will be convened to sort out the best suitable date for the celebration of Mulaikottu. Before fixing any date, the pradhana and secretary of the village gather some information from
1494-399: Is generally portrayed in the sitting or standing position, often holding a trident ( trisula ) in one hand and a bowl ( kapala ) in the other. One of her hands may display a mudra , usually the abhaya mudra, to ward off fear. She may be represented with two demeanours—one displaying her pleasant nature, and the other her terrifying aspect, with fangs and a wild mane of hair. The origin of
1577-417: Is not much else in any Indian literature equal to these quiet and dramatic Tamil poems. In their values and stances, they represent a mature classical poetry: passion is balanced by courtesy, transparency by ironies and nuances of design, impersonality by vivid detail, austerity of line by richness of implication. These poems are not just the earliest evidence of the Tamil genius." The Sangam literature offers
1660-664: Is said to have made the Moola Murthi of the Goddess Maariamman from the mud from the ant-hill where snakes had resided. Salem Kottai Sri Periya Mariamman temple which is located in the heart of the city, the Aadi festival celebrated for 22 days. The Erode Mariamman temple festival is a grand one in Tamil Nadu . The worship of three Mariamman goddesses named Small, Medium and Large Mariamman (residing at three separate localities within
1743-696: Is situated in the state of Karnataka , in the town of Kaup, seven kilometres from the famous temple town of Udipi . There is also a famous and highly regarded Mariamman temple in Urwa , a residential area of the city of Mangalore , where through the power of the goddess many miracles have been reported to occur. The temple is known familiarly as Urwa Marigudi. There are many Mariamman temples outside India, in Mauritius , Malaysia , Singapore , Thailand , Fiji , Fiji Maha Shakti Mata Temple Nadi and Suva, Guyana , Vietnam , Trinidad and Tobago , Germany and South Africa ,
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#17328480982041826-519: Is the acai (metreme ), itself of two types – ner and nirai . The ner is the stressed/long syllable in European prosody tradition, while the nirai is the unstressed/short syllable combination ( pyrrhic (dibrach) and iambic ) metrical feet, with similar equivalents in the Sanskrit prosody tradition. The acai in the Sangam poems are combined to form a cir (foot), while the cir are connected to form
1909-421: Is the earliest known literature of South India . The Tamil tradition and legends link it to three legendary literary gatherings around Madurai and Kapāṭapuram: the first lasted over 4,440 years, the second over 3,700 years, and the third over 1,850 years. Scholars consider this Tamil tradition-based chronology as ahistorical and mythical. Most scholars suggest the historical Sangam literature era, also called
1992-546: Is the historic evidence of indigenous literary developments in South India in parallel to Sanskrit , and the classical status of the Tamil language. While there is no evidence for the first and second mythical Sangams, the surviving literature attests to a group of scholars centered around the ancient Madurai (Maturai) that shaped the "literary, academic, cultural and linguistic life of ancient Tamil Nadu", states Zvelebil. On their significance, Zvelebil quotes A. K. Ramanujan , "In their antiquity and in their contemporaneity, there
2075-487: Is the location of another famous Mariamman temple. Legend says that Mariamman appeared to the King Venkoji Maharaja Chatrapati (1676–1688) of Thanjavur in his dreams and told him she was in a forest of Punnai trees three miles distant from Thanjavur. The King rushed to the spot and recovered an idol of Mariamman from the jungle. On the king's orders a temple was constructed there, the idol installed, and
2158-415: Is the second day of thandal called Pari parapputhal . Next Tuesday, the main function is held on the day called mulaikottu . On the next day of thandal, the temple committee distribute the grains to every house for setting up of pari. The pari is a clay pot with a wide mouth and narrow base with a hole in the bottom. This utensil is specially made for this purpose and sold at the market. The villagers visit
2241-745: Is the sister of Ranganathaswamy. She is also worshipped in Karnataka as Marikambe, who is a manifestation of Adi-Parashakti or Mahadevi. Mariamman's worship originated in the traditions of Dravidian folk religion . She is the main Tamil mother goddess, predominantly venerated in the rural areas of South India . Mariamman has since been associated with Hindu goddesses like Parvati , Kali , Durga , Rukmini , Sita , Draupadi , as well as with her northern Indian counterpart Shitala , her eastern Indian counterpart, Olai Chandi, and her western Indian counterpart of Mogal mata. The word Mari (pronunciation: /mɒri/) has
2324-578: Is the tenth-century CE Sinnamanur inscription that mentions a Pandyan king who sponsored the "translation of the Mahabharata into Tamil" and established a "Madhurapuri (Madurai) Sangam". According to Zvelebil, within the myth there is a kernel of reality, and all literary evidence leads one to conclude that "such an academy did exist in Madurai (Maturai) at the beginning of the Christian era". The homogeneity of
2407-629: The Girmityas to around the world, where similar traditions to those in Mainland Tamil Nadu are practiced. Often times, Mariamman is syncretized with Kali. Most temples to Mariamman are simple village shrines , where both male and female priests perform sacred rituals. In many rural shrines, the goddess is represented by a granite stone with a sharp tip, like a spear head. This stone is often adorned with garlands made of limes and with red flowers. These shrines often have an anthill that could be
2490-583: The Mahabharata , Kama, goddesses such as Ganga, divine characters from classical love stories of India. One of the poems also mentions the "merciful men of Benares ", an evidence of interaction between the northern holy city of the Hindus with the Sangam poets. Some of the Paripaatal love poems are set in the context of bathing festivals ( Magh Mela ) and various Hindu gods. They mention temples and shrines, confirming
2573-594: The Samayapuram Mariamman Temple in Samayapuram , the Hindu system of worship is still seen today for the worship of Mariyamman, which involves a ten-day festival organized by temple authorities during the second week in April. Some continue to use an old village custom of worship by offering chickens and goats to the deity, though the animals are no longer sacrificed but sold after being offered. The main worship of
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2656-464: The Sangam period , spanned from c. 300 BCE to 300 CE, while others variously place this early classical Tamil literature period a bit later and more narrowly but all before 300 CE. According to Kamil Zvelebil , a Tamil literature and history scholar, the most acceptable range for the Sangam literature is 100 BCE to 250 CE, based on the linguistic, prosodic and quasi-historic allusions within
2739-712: The Vanniyar community, an agrarian class, Draupadi , the common wife of the Pandavas , is said to be an incarnation of the goddess Shakti . Draupadi, despite being Shakti, lived like a normal woman, suppressing her supernatural powers. While they were in exile, when the Pandavas were asleep at night, she would travel to the villages of Vanniyar in the form of a fierce looking Goddess. Vanniyars would offer her prayers and barley, which pleased her. In time, she would be called Mariamman (the mother of rain and curing diseases), and became popular in
2822-475: The Velir . The evidence on the early history of the Tamil kingdoms consists of the epigraphs of the region, the Sangam literature, and archaeological data. The fourfold Vedic system of caste hierarchy did not exist during the Sangam period. The society was organised by occupational groups living apart from each other. The Sangam literature was composed by 473 poets, some 102 anonymous. According to Nilakanta Sastri,
2905-489: The measles and chicken pox . In this way the goddess Mariamman is very similar to the North Indian goddess Shitaladevi . Devotees also pray to Mariamman for familial welfare such as fertility, healthy progeny or a good spouse. The most favoured offering is " pongal ", a mix of rice and green gram , cooked mostly in the temple complex, or shrine itself, in terracotta pots using firewood. Some festivals in honour of
2988-682: The mulaiparis are also taken from the temple. Finally, the amman Karagam and mulaiparis are submerged into the village pond. It is also celebrated in Madurai Meenakshi Amman temple on the Tamil month of Aadi. Her worship has been brought over across the Tamil Diaspora in places such as the Caribbean (See: Caribbean Shaktism ), South Africa , Mauritius , Singapore , Vietnam , and Fiji where festivities and temples are often done and built in her name. Her trance-worship has been brought via
3071-477: The Ādi Thiruviḻa . Her worship mainly focuses on bringing rains and curing diseases like cholera, smallpox, and chicken pox. Mariamman is worshipped in accordance with local traditions such as Pidari or the Gramadevatai . She is considered as a guardian deity (kaval deivam) by many South Indian village-dwellers. She is also the regional form of hindu goddess Parvati. Her consort is lord Shiva. At samayapuram, she
3154-583: The 11th- and 12th-century inscriptions and literary work. Sangam literature embeds evidence of loan words from Sanskrit, suggesting on-going linguistic and literary collaboration between ancient Tamil Nadu and other parts of the Indian subcontinent. One of the early loan words, for example, is acarya– from Sanskrit for a "spiritual guide or teacher", which in Sangam literature appears as aciriyan (priest, teacher, scholar), aciriyam or akavar or akaval or akavu (a poetic meter). The Sangam poetry focuses on
3237-412: The 4-4-3-4 feet per line, according to akaval , also called aciriyam , Sangam meter rule: = – / = – / – = / = – – – / – – / = – / – – = – / = – / = – = = / – = / = – / – – Note: "=" is a ner , while "–" is a nirai in Tamil terminology. A literal translation of Kuruntokai 119 : little-white-snake of lovely-striped young-body jungle elephant troubling like
3320-522: The Ettuttokai anthology (the "Eight Collections"), the Pathuppaattu anthology (the "Ten Songs"). The Tamil literature that followed the Sangam period – that is, after c. 250 CE but before c. 600 CE – is generally called the "post-Sangam" literature. This collection contains 2381 poems in Tamil composed by 473 poets, some 102 anonymous. Of these, 16 poets account for about 50% of
3403-585: The Kali meter in Kalittokai and the mixed Paripatal meter in Paripatal . The works of Sangam literature were lost and forgotten for most of the 2nd millennium. They were rediscovered by colonial-era scholars such as Arumuka Navalar (1822–1879), C.W. Damodaram Pillai (1832–1901) and U. V. Swaminatha Aiyar (1855–1942). Arumuka Navalar from Jaffna first inaugurated the modern editions of Tamil classics, publishing
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3486-488: The Mariamman temple and sing folk songs known as mari pattu and dance folk dances such as mulaikottu ( similar to kummi), Amman oyil. It is followed everyday from thandal Sunday (First day) to next Sunday (eighth day). The ninth day called thangal , means camping. On this day the temple is closed and folk poojas and dances are prohibited. The Amman karagam is made in village water body and the person who fasts in those 10 days
3569-565: The Sangam Tamil origin meaning "Rain", and the Dravidian root term Amman means "Mother". She was worshipped by the ancient Tamils as the bringer of rain and thus also the bringer of prosperity, since the abundance of their crops was dependent largely upon adequate rainfall. The cult of the mother goddess is treated as an indication of a society which venerated femininity. The temples of the Sangam days, mainly of Madurai, seem to have had priestesses to
3652-400: The Sangam poetry a "wonderful conciseness, terseness, pithiness", then an inner tension that is resolved at the end of the stanza. The metrical patterns within the akaval meter in early Sangam poetry has minor variations. The later Sangam era poems follow the same general meter rules, but sometimes feature 5 lines (4-4-4-3-4). The later Sangam age texts employ other meters as well, such as
3735-401: The Supreme god of Tamils where as Skanda was considered young and a personal god of Tamils . Mayon is indicated to be the deity associated with the mullai tiṇai (pastoral landscape) in the Tolkappiyam . Tolkappiyar Mentions Mayon first when he made reference to deities in the different land divisions. The Paripādal ( Tamil : பரிபாடல் , meaning the paripadal-metre anthology )
3818-472: The Vanniyar villages. According to the narrative of the higher varnas , there was once a pariah boy who impersonated a Brahmin suitor in order to marry a Brahmin girl. This lie is discovered by the girl when she discerns the jargon and non-vegetarian habits of her in-laws. In order to ritually purify herself from the pollution of being married to a low-born pariah, the girl self-immolates . This Brahmin girl
3901-663: The Velachery Main Road. In 2012, the singer Harini composed a song about the Samayapuram Mariamman deity which was featured on the album Om Nava Sakthi Jaya Jaya Sakthi . The song narrates the power of Shakti as Samayapuram Amman and equates the Peruvalai River with Punya Theertham, as do the people in that area. Madurai is home to the Theppakulam sri Mariamman Temple, a noted focus of devotion, primarily to
3984-461: The area known as southern India today, consisting of the territories of the present-day Indian states of Tamil Nadu , Kerala , parts of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka . Sri Lanka is distinguished from it and is known as Ilam or Eelam , although also influenced by the Sangam Period. In Indian history, the Sangam period or age ( Tamil : சங்ககாலம் , caṅkakālam ) is the period of
4067-566: The city) is combined in a festival every April. It features the Thiruvizha, along with all the other devotions to deities, and ends at the Kaveri river with the purificatory immersion of the Kambam (the effigy of Mariamman's husband Shiva) in the flowing waters of the river. The Karur Mariamman temple festival, which is celebrated at the end of May each year, is another notable festival held in honour of
4150-401: The context as well that the community will fill in and understand given their oral tradition . The puram poetry is more direct, uses names and places, states Takanobu Takahashi. The early Sangam poetry diligently follows two meters, while the later Sangam poetry is a bit more diverse. The two meters found in the early poetry are akaval and vanci . The fundamental metrical unit in these
4233-501: The culture and people. It is religious as well as non-religious, as there are several mentions of the Hindu gods and more substantial mentions of various gods in the shorter poems. The 33 surviving poems of Paripaatal in the "Eight Anthologies" group praises Vishnu , Durga and Murugan . Similarly, the 150 poems of Kalittokai – also from the Eight Anthologies group – mention Krishna, Shiva, Murugan, various Pandava brothers of
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#17328480982044316-487: The deity, which also appear predominantly as goddesses. In Sangam literature , there is an elaborate description of the rites performed by the Kuravar priestesses in the shrine Palamutircholai. Mariamman is usually pictured as a beautiful young woman with a red-hued face, wearing a red dress. Sometimes she is portrayed with many arms—representing her many powers—but in most representations she has only two or four. Mariamman
4399-519: The eighth century CE – describes this legend. The earliest known mention of the Sangam legend, however, appears in Tirupputtur Tantakam by Appar in about the seventh century CE, while an extended version appears in the twelfth-century Tiruvilaiyatal puranam by Perumparrap Nampi. The legend states that the third Sangam of 449 poet scholars worked over 1,850 years in northern Madurai (Pandyan kingdom). He lists six anthologies of Tamil poems (later
4482-436: The family's origin, since the family deities are usually located within the vicinity of the village to which the family originally belonged. Traditional The worshipping methods are often accompanied by various kinds of folk dancing. Offerings such as pongal and koozh that are cooked using earthen pots are also made during the festive season. Rituals such as fire walking and mouth or nose piercing are also practised. At
4565-532: The fragrance; among the stones, you are the diamond; in speech, truth; among virtues, you are love; in valour—strength; in the Veda, you are the secret; among elements, the primordial; in the burning sun, the light; in moonshine, its sweetness; you are all, and you are the substance and meaning of all. To Seyyon ( Skandha ): We pray you not for wealth, not for gold, not for pleasure; But for your grace, for love, for virtue, these three, O god with
4648-533: The goddess Mariamman in terms of a consistent and coherent legend has not been standardised, but several myths of the mother goddess exist in several regional traditions that are spread orally throughout South India . According to a regional Hindu legend, there was once a beautiful woman named Nagavalli, wife to a rishi named Piruhu. When the rishi was away, the Trimurti , the deities of Brahma , Vishnu , and Shiva , visited her, seeking to decide for themselves if she
4731-451: The goddess Mariamman involve night-time processions of devotees carrying oil lamps. Mariamman is the family deity for many in the Thanjavur district of Tamil Nadu. It is a custom initially to worship the family deity on occasions such as weddings. The worship of a 'family deity' ( kuladevata ), considered most important in any Hindu festival, continues down the generations, providing a clue to
4814-549: The goddess but also to the Maruthuvachi (= doctor/ midwife ). Periyachi Amman (or Pechi Amman), who was deified for her skill and heroism. The temple possesses a large theppakulam. Here the Panguni festival is the main event of the religious calendar. The devotees of The goddess Mariamman observe the "poo choridhal" flower festival, and in the month of Aadi many women honour her with fasting and prayer. Another famous Mariamman temple
4897-511: The goddess in Tamil Nadu. Other important temples of Mariamman in Tamil Nadu are in the towns of Veerapandi, Theni , Anbil (near Trichy), Narthamalai , Thiruverkadu , Salem , Virudhunagar and Sivakasi , Vellore . In Chennai (Madras), a famous Mariamman temple is the Putthu Mariamman: the eponymous Putthu (ant-hill) being located across the road from the temple on the opposite side of
4980-564: The goddess occurs on the road a mile or two from the temple. A hurried walk and dance carry hundreds of thousands of worshippers along the road to the temple. Many in the crowd have fasted, shaved their heads, and wear bright yellow clothes which are sacred to the goddess. Women and children may carry a pot on their heads decorated with the goddess's favourite leaves, of the margosa tree. Young men and women, carrying similar pots, are followed by drummers and dance more wildly. Larger men and women carry pots of charcoal fire. Some put themselves through
5063-425: The history of ancient Tamil Nadu and Kerala (then known as Tamilakam ), and parts of Sri Lanka from c. 300 BCE to 300 CE. It was named after the literature of poets and scholars of the legendary Sangam academies centered in the city of Madurai . In the period between 300 BCE and 300 CE, Tamilakam was ruled by the three Tamil dynasties of Pandya , Chola and Chera , and a few independent chieftains,
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#17328480982045146-619: The known Sangam literature, with Kapilar – the most prolific poet – alone contributing just little less than 10% of the entire corpus. These poems vary between 3 and 782 lines long. The bardic poetry of the Sangam era is largely about love ( akam ) and war ( puram ), with the exception of the shorter poems such as in Paripaatal which is more religious and praise Vishnu and Murugan . The Sangam literature also includes Buddhist and Jainist epics. Sangam literally means "gathering, meeting, fraternity, academy". According to David Shulman,
5229-414: The market and purchase number of paris as they wanted to set up in their home. The first step to set them up is to clean paris and their home the second day of thandal. People used to collect goat dung and some hay. The hay is used to block the hole of the pari. A layer of goat dung is spread over the hay and watered to make the dung wet. This is the procedure of setting up of pari. As a next step to this,
5312-861: The monastery head Subrahmanya Desikar for access to its large library of preserved manuscripts. Desikar granted Aiyar permission to study and publish any manuscripts he wanted. There, Aiyar discovered a major source of preserved palm-leaf manuscripts of Sangam literature. Aiyar published his first print of the Ten Idylls in 1889. Together, these scholars printed and published Kalittokai (1887), Tholkappiyam , Nachinarkiniyar Urai (1895), Tholkappiyam Senavariyar urai (1868), Manimekalai (1898), Silappatikaram (1889), Pattuppāṭṭu (1889), Patiṟṟuppattu (1889). Puṟanāṉūṟu (1894), Aiṅkurunūṟu (1903), Kuṟuntokai (1915), Naṟṟiṇai (1915), Paripāṭal (1918) and Akanāṉūṟu (1923) all with scholarly commentaries. They published more than 100 works in all, including minor poems. The Sangam literature
5395-879: The most mentioned god in the Sangam literature. Cēyōṉ "the red one", who is identified with Murugan , whose name is literally Murukaṉ "the youth" in the Tolkāppiyam ; Extant Sangam literature works, dated between the third century BCE and the fifth century CE glorified Murugan, "the red god seated on the blue peacock, who is ever young and resplendent," as "the favoured god of the Tamils." There are no Mentions of Shaivism in Tolkappiyam . Shiva and Brahma are said to be forms Of Maha Vishnu and considers Vishnu as The Supreme god in Paripāṭal . There are two poems depicted as example of Bhakti in Ancient Tamil Nadu , one in
5478-398: The place was called Punnainallur. Hence the deity of this temple is known as Punnainallur Mariamman. Mud replicas of different parts of the human body are placed in the temple as offerings by devotees pleading for cure. It is said that the daughter of Tulaja Raja (1729–35) of Thanjavur, who lost her eyesight due to illness, regained it after worshipping at this temple. Shri Sadasiva Brahmendra
5561-419: The poets came from diverse backgrounds: some were from a royal family, some merchants, some farmers. At least 27 of the poets were women. These poets emerged, states Nilakanta Sastri, in a milieu where the Tamil society had already interacted and inseparably amalgamated with north Indians (Indo-Aryan) and both sides had shared mythology, values and literary conventions. The available literature from this period
5644-413: The praise of Maha Vishnu and other of Murugan To Tirumal ( Maha Vishnu ): தீயினுள் தெறல் நீ; பூவினுள் நாற்றம் நீ; கல்லினுள் மணியும் நீ; சொல்லினுள் வாய்மை நீ; அறத்தினுள் அன்பு நீ; மறத்தினுள் மைந்து நீ; வேதத்து மறை நீ; பூதத்து முதலும் நீ; வெஞ் சுடர் ஒளியும் நீ; திங்களுள் அளியும் நீ; அனைத்தும் நீ; அனைத்தின் உட்பொருளும் நீ; In fire, you are the heat; in blossoms,
5727-2585: The product of efforts of the Tamil diaspora . Some notable temples include the Sri Mariamman temple in Singapore , Sri Mariamman temple in Bangkok , a Mariamman temple in Pretoria , South Africa , as well as one in Sri Mariamman Temple, Medan , Indonesia . There are also many Mariamman temple in every state of Malaysia . Some notable temples include the Queen Street Sri Maha Mariamman Temple, Penang in George Town , Sri Sithala Maha Mariamman Temple, Pekan Getah Tapah, Lorong Kulit Sri Muthu Mariamman Temple in George Town, Sri Rudra Verra Muthu MahaMariamman Temple in Air Itam , Sri Maha Mariamman Devasthanam in Arau , Sri Maha Mariamman Devasthanam in Alor Setar , Sri Maha Mariamman Temple in Sungai Petani , Sri Maha Mariamman Temple in Ipoh , Sri Nagamuthu Mariamman Temple in Taiping , Sri Maha Mariamman Temple in Gopeng , Sri MahaMariamman Temple, Kuala Lumpur , Sri Maha Mariamman Temple in Klang , Sri Maha Mariamman Temple in Chukai , Sri Maha Mariamman Temple in Port Dickson , Sri Maha Mariamman Temple in Kuantan , Sri Veera Sundara Muthu Mariamman in Kulim , Raja Mariamman Temple in Johor Bahru , Sri Maha Muthu Mariamman Temple in Tumpat , Sri Maha Mariamman Temple in Kuching , Sri Maha Mariamman Temple in Sibu , and Sri Muthu Mariamman Temple, Kampung Chetti , Melaka . There
5810-408: The prosody, language and themes in these poems confirms that the Sangam literature was a community effort, a "group poetry". The Sangam literature is also referred sometimes with terms such as caṅka ilakkiyam or "Sangam age poetry". In Old Tamil language , the term Tamilakam ( Tamiḻakam , Purananuru 168. 18) referred to the whole of the ancient Tamil-speaking area, corresponding roughly to
5893-515: The received nine type of grains from the temple committee, is smoothly spread over the goat dung on the pari. Following this, a pooja will be arranged for praying the goddess to make the pari a successful one. Every house may have more than two paries. These paries taken into a dark and isolated room in their house. For the next seven days they have to grow the seedlings into a plant. Usage of loudspeaker and crackers are completely banned during this period. During evening, all villagers assemble in front of
5976-408: The resting place of a cobra . Milk and eggs are offered to propitiate the snake. Some temples have attained sufficient popularity for Brahmanas to officiate at them. For example, the Samayapuram Mariamman near the shore of river Kaveri in the northern outskirts of Tiruchirapalli , maintains a rich agamic tradition and all rituals are performed by Gurukkalas . Punainallur, near Thanjavur ,
6059-455: The rich garland of kaṭampu flowers with rolling clusters! – Pari. v.: 78–81 The other gods also referred to in the Tolkappiyam are Vēntaṉ "the sovereign" (identified with Indra ) and Korravai "the victorious" (identified with Durga ) and Varunan "the sea god". The Sangam literature also emphasized on fair governance by Kings, who were often described as Sengol-valavan,
6142-445: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Sri Mahamariamman Temple . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sri_Mahamariamman_Temple&oldid=1219928742 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
6225-550: The significance of such cultural festivals and architectural practices to the Tamil culture. Religion in the Sangam age was an important reason for the increase in Tamil Literature . Ancient Tamils Primarily followed Vaishnavism (Who consider Vishnu as the Supreme Deity) and Kaumaram (who worship Murugan as the Supreme god). According to Kamil Zvelebil , Vishnu was considered ageless (The god who stays for ever) and
6308-433: The texts and the colophons . The Sangam literature had fallen into oblivion for much of the second millennium of the common era, but were preserved by and rediscovered in the monasteries of Hinduism , near Kumbakonam , by colonial-era scholars in the late nineteenth century. The rediscovered Sangam classical collection is largely a bardic corpus. It comprises an Urtext of oldest surviving Tamil grammar (Tolkappiyam),
6391-581: The universe and was worshipped in the Plains and mountains of Tamilakam .The Earliest verses of Paripadal describe the glory of Perumal in the most poetic of terms. Many Poems of the Paripadal consider Perumal as the Supreme god of Tamils . He is regarded to be the only deity who enjoyed the status of Paramporul (achieving oneness with Paramatma ) during the Sangam age . He is also known as Māyavan, Māmiyon, Netiyōn, and Māl in Sangam literature and considered as
6474-557: The villagers regarding any marriage or anyone suffering from chicken pox etc. If anyone is affected by chicken pox, any sudden death occurred or someone's marriage is taking place, under these circumstances the date of mulaikottu will be either postponed or cancelled according to the public opinion at the meeting. The celebration begins with collection of nine different types of grain seeds from every house, called thandal in Tamil. The Thandal will held in Sunday of Valarpirai. The following Tuesday
6557-496: The young-girl sprouts-brightness toothed-female bangle(s) possessing hand(s)-female" – Translator: Kamil Zvelebil English interpretation and translation of Kuruntokai 119 : As a little white snake with lovely stripes on its young body troubles the jungle elephant this slip of a girl her teeth like sprouts of new rice her wrists stacked with bangles troubles me. – Creative translator: A.K. Ramanujan (1967) This metrical pattern, states Zvelebil, gives
6640-622: Was categorised and compiled in the tenth century CE into two categories based roughly on chronology. The categories are the Patiṉeṇmēlkaṇakku ("Eighteen Greater Texts") comprising Ettuthogai (or Ettuttokai , "Eight Anthologies") and the Pattuppāṭṭu ("Ten Idylls") and Patiṉeṇkīḻkaṇakku ("Eighteen Lesser Texts"). According to Takanobu Takahashi , the compilation of Patiṉeṇmēlkaṇakku poems are as follows: The compilation of poems from Patiṉeṇkīḻkaṇakku are as follows: Sangam literature
6723-513: Was located far to the south of modern city of Madurai, a location later "swallowed up by the sea", states Shulman. The second academy, also chaired by a very long-lived Agastya, was near the eastern seaside Kapāṭapuram and lasted three millennia. This was swallowed by floods. From the second Sangam, states the legend, the Akattiyam and the Tolkāppiyam survived and guided the third Sangam scholars. A prose commentary by Nakkiranar – likely about
6806-515: Was the earliest scholar to systematically hunt for long-lost manuscripts and publish them using modern tools of textual criticism. These included: Aiyar – a Tamil scholar and a Shaiva pundit, in particular, is credited with his discovery of major collections of the Sangam literature in 1883. During his personal visit to the Thiruvavaduthurai Adhinam – a Shaiva matha about twenty kilometers northeast of Kumbhakonam , he reached out to
6889-418: Was truly as beautiful and virtuous as she was supposed to be. Nagavalli, not recognising them, and resenting their intrusion, turned them into children with her powers. The deities were infuriated and cursed her, causing her face to become disfigured with smallpox. When Piruhu returned, he drove her away, informing her that she would be born on earth, causing her affliction to human beings as well. According to
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