45-457: Springfield Gardens is a neighborhood in the southeastern area of the New York City borough of Queens , bounded to the north by St. Albans , to the east by Laurelton and Rosedale , to the south by John F. Kennedy International Airport , and to the west by Farmers Boulevard. The neighborhood is served by Queens Community Board 12 . The area, particularly east of Springfield Boulevard ,
90-649: A homestead on what is now Central Avenue, near the shore of the Atlantic Ocean . At his death, Cornell was buried in a small family cemetery, Cornell Cemetery . In the late 19th century, the Rockaway Association wanted to build a hotel on the Rockaway Peninsula, as it was increasingly popular as a summer destination. The association, consisting of many wealthy members who had homes in the area, bought most of Cornell's old homestead property. They developed
135-410: A residents' committee ; these are subdivided into residents' small groups of fifteen to forty families. In most urban areas of China, neighbourhood , community , residential community , residential unit , residential quarter have the same meaning: 社区 or 小区 or 居民区 or 居住区 , and is the direct sublevel of a subdistrict ( 街道办事处 ), which is the direct sublevel of a district ( 区 ), which
180-622: A glass facade and a blue roof that collects rainwater. The building's facade includes the artwork Style Writing by José Parlá , while the second floor has the artwork Feynman Code by Pablo Helguera . During the early and mid-20th century, many Jewish immigrants and their working-class descendants settled in Far Rockaway, sometimes first as summer visitors. They founded numerous synagogues and private schools, including those devoted to all-boys or all-girls institutions for educating Orthodox children. Following World War II, as residential housing
225-796: A high level of regulation of social life by officials. For example, in the Tang period Chinese capital city Chang'an, neighbourhoods were districts and there were state officials who carefully controlled life and activity at the neighbourhood level. Neighbourhoods in preindustrial cities often had some degree of social specialisation or differentiation. Ethnic neighbourhoods were important in many past cities and remain common in cities today. Economic specialists, including craft producers, merchants, and others, could be concentrated in neighbourhoods, and in societies with religious pluralism neighbourhoods were often specialised by religion. One factor contributing to neighbourhood distinctiveness and social cohesion in past cities
270-537: A number of smaller, specialized academies that share the building. They can provide more individualized attention to their students. The former Beach Channel High School was similarly closed in 2014 and repurposed to house several smaller, specialized academies; it is in Rockaway Park , near Far Rockaway, and draws some of its students from Far Rockaway. Queens Public Library operates the Far Rockaway branch at 1637 Central Avenue. The library replaced another one that
315-476: A public high school must apply to high schools. Far Rockaway High School was located in Far Rockaway, but was shut down in 2011 as a stand-alone institution. During the administration of Mayor Michael Bloomberg in 2011, many large, underperforming, older traditional high schools were closed in the city. The 1929 building was renovated to operate as the Far Rockaway Educational Campus, home to
360-420: A small area within a town or city. The label is commonly used to refer to organisations which relate to such a very local structure, such as neighbourhood policing or Neighbourhood watch schemes. In addition, government statistics for local areas are often referred to as neighbourhood statistics, although the data themselves are broken down usually into districts and wards for local purposes. In many parts of
405-496: A specific geographic area and functionally as a set of social networks. Neighbourhoods, then, are the spatial units in which face-to-face social interactions occur—the personal settings and situations where residents seek to realise common values, socialise youth, and maintain effective social control." In the words of the urban scholar Lewis Mumford , "Neighborhoods, in some annoying, inchoate fashion exist wherever human beings congregate, in permanent family dwellings; and many of
450-490: A unit of analysis. In mainland China , the term is generally used for the urban administrative division found immediately below the district level, although an intermediate, subdistrict level exists in some cities. They are also called streets (administrative terminology may vary from city to city). Neighbourhoods encompass 2,000 to 10,000 families. Within neighbourhoods, families are grouped into smaller residential units or quarters of 100 to 600 families and supervised by
495-426: Is a geographically localized community within a larger city , town , suburb or rural area , sometimes consisting of a single street and the buildings lining it. Neighbourhoods are often social communities with considerable face-to-face interaction among members. Researchers have not agreed on an exact definition, but the following may serve as a starting point: "Neighbourhood is generally defined spatially as
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#1732858355131540-671: Is a neighborhood on the eastern part of the Rockaway peninsula in the New York City borough of Queens . It is the easternmost section of the Rockaways. The neighborhood extends from Beach 32nd Street east to the Nassau County line. Its southern boundary is the Atlantic Ocean ; it is one of the neighborhoods along Rockaway Beach . Far Rockaway is located in Queens Community District 14 and its ZIP Codes are 11691 and 11693. It
585-541: Is covered by ZIP Code 11691. The United States Post Office operates the Far Rockaway Station at 18-36 Mott Avenue. The neighborhood, like all of New York City, is served by the New York City Department of Education . Far Rockaway residents are zoned to several different elementary schools: Far Rockaway residents are zoned to M.S. 53 Brian Piccolo. All New York City residents who wish to attend
630-578: Is located on the eastern border of Springfield Gardens (next to Rosedale). It is bounded by South Conduit Avenue, 149th Avenue, and 232nd and 235th Streets. It contains Conselyea's Pond. Brookville is served by the Rosedale and Laurelton Long Island Rail Road stations. Service is provided by the Far Rockaway Branch and Long Beach Branch . The CityTicket program is available at these stations. The Q3 bus travels along Farmers Boulevard towards to
675-756: Is patrolled by the New York City Police Department 's 101st Precinct. The indigenous inhabitants of the Rockaways were the Canarsie Indians , a band of Mohegan , whose name was associated with the geography. By 1639, the Mohegan tribe sold most of the Rockaways to the Dutch West India Company . In 1664, the English defeated the Dutch colony and took over their lands in present-day New York. In 1685,
720-468: Is sometimes also referred to as Brookville . The area was first settled by Europeans in 1660, and was subsequently farmed until the mid nineteenth-century. Major residential development came in the 1920s as Long Island Rail Road service was expanded to the area at the Springfield Gardens station (closed in 1979). Between 1920 and 1930 the population increased from 3,046 to 13,089, with a lot of
765-577: Is the direct sublevel of a city ( 市 ). (See Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China ) The term has no general official or statistical purpose in the United Kingdom, but is often used by local boroughs for self-chosen sub-divisions of their area for the delivery of various services and functions, as for example in Kingston-upon-Thames or is used as an informal term to refer to
810-765: The 165th Street Bus Terminal in Jamaica or JFK Airport . The Q6 bus travels along Rockaway Boulevard and Sutphin Boulevard to Jamaica-165th St Bus Terminal from the JFK Airport North Boundary Road. The Q85 bus travels along South Conduit Boulevard towards Rosedale or Green Acres Mall , and North Conduit Boulevard towards the Jamaica Center – Parsons/Archer subway station ( E , J , and Z trains). The Q111 travels to Rosedale and Jamaica via 147th Avenue along with
855-593: The 2010 United States Census , the population of Far Rockaway was 50,058, a change of 1,714 (3.4%) from the 48,344 counted in 2000 . Covering an area of 1,251 acres (506 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 40 inhabitants per acre (26,000/sq mi; 9,900/km ). The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 25.5% (12,778) White , 44.7% (22,400) African American , 0.3% (175) Native American , 1.9% (931) Asian , 0.1% (44) Pacific Islander , 1% (504) from other races , and 1.7% (860) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 24.7% (12,366) of
900-659: The Marine Pavilion on that site, which attracted such guests as Henry Wadsworth Longfellow , Washington Irving , and the Vanderbilt family . The Rockaway Association also built the Rockaway Turnpike . The Marine Hotel burned to the ground in 1864, but more hotels and private residences were built in the area. In the 19th century, people traveled to the Rockaways by horse-drawn carriages or on horseback. A ferry powered by steam sailed from Lower Manhattan to Brooklyn . By
945-689: The National Register of Historic Places . With its nearby beach, Far Rockaway attracted tourists and vacationers from the other boroughs. Bungalows were the homes of choice for many residents who lived in Far Rockaway. The railroad abandoned the Rockaway Beach Branch in 1950 because of the shift of many people to driving private cars. In addition, this destination had to compete with the many others that people were visiting by car and air travel, which created access to even more distant destinations and heightened competition for travel dollars. As
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#1732858355131990-542: The New York City Council voted to rezone 23 blocks in the center of Far Rockaway, after the New York City Planning Commission approved the rezoning. The rezoning would allow as many as 3,100 residences to be built in the neighborhood, as well as community spaces and retail. Following the rezoning, city officials approved 670 affordable apartments within the area in 2018. Based on data from
1035-614: The Q113 and Q114 via 147th Avenue to Jamaica and Far Rockaway . No express bus routes serve Brookville directly however the X63 , provides rush hour only service to neighboring Rosedale. The Q77 bus travels along Springfield Boulevard and Francis Lewis Boulevard to Jamaica-165th Street Bus Terminal and terminates at the border of Brookville and Springfield Gardens on 145th Road and Springfield Boulevard. Neighborhood A neighbourhood (Commonwealth English) or neighborhood (American English)
1080-592: The 100th Precinct, which is high-income and more insular. The 101st Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 74.6% between 1990 and 2018. The precinct reported 6 murders, 26 rapes, 151 robberies, 301 felony assaults, 98 burglaries, 250 grand larcenies, and 31 grand larcenies auto in 2018. Far Rockaway is served by the New York City Fire Department (FDNY)'s Engine Cos. 264 and 328/Ladder Co. 134, located at 16-15 Central Avenue. Far Rockaway
1125-582: The 1880s, the Long Island Rail Road 's Rockaway Beach Branch was built to serve Far Rockaway station. The steam railroad went to Long Island City and Flatbush Terminal (now Atlantic Terminal ). When it opened in the 1880s, this connection stimulated population growth on the Rockaway Peninsula. Benjamin Mott gave the LIRR 7 acres (2.8 ha) of land for a railroad depot. Land values increased and businesses in
1170-559: The 1900s, Clarence Perry described the idea of a neighbourhood unit as a self-contained residential area within a city. The concept is still influential in New Urbanism . Practitioners seek to revive traditional sociability in planned suburban housing based on a set of principles. At the same time, the neighbourhood is a site of interventions to create Age-Friendly Cities and Communities (AFCC) as many older adults tend to have narrower life space. Urban design studies thus use neighbourhood as
1215-512: The Queens Library Archives in 2008. Far Rockaway is patrolled by the NYPD 's 101st Precinct, located at 16-12 Mott Avenue. The 101st Precinct and the adjoining 100th Precinct, which serves the rest of the Rockaways, collectively ranked 10th safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime in 2010. However, the low-income and densely populated 101st Precinct has significantly more crime than
1260-553: The UK wards are roughly equivalent to neighbourhoods or a combination of them. In the United States and Canada , neighbourhoods are often given official or semi-official status through neighbourhood associations , neighbourhood watches or block watches. These may regulate such matters as lawn care and fence height, and they may provide such services as block parties , neighbourhood parks and community security . In some other places
1305-499: The area grew, and by 1888, Far Rockaway was a relatively large village. It incorporated as a village on September 19 of that year. In 1898, the area was incorporated into the City of Greater New York and became part of Queens. The neighborhoods of Far Rockaway, Hammels , and Arverne in Queens tried to secede from the city several times. In 1915 and 1917, a bill approving secession passed in
1350-587: The band chief, Tackapoucha , and the English governor of the province agreed to sell the Rockaways to a Captain Palmer for 31 pounds sterling. The Rockaway Peninsula was originally designated as part of the Town of Hempstead , then a part of Queens County. Palmer and the Town of Hempstead disputed over who owned Rockaway, so in 1687 he sold the land to Richard Cornell , an iron master from Flushing . Cornell and his family lived on
1395-719: The control of city or state officials. In some preindustrial urban traditions, basic municipal functions such as protection, social regulation of births and marriages, cleaning and upkeep are handled informally by neighbourhoods and not by urban governments; this pattern is well documented for historical Islamic cities. In addition to social neighbourhoods, most ancient and historical cities also had administrative districts used by officials for taxation, record-keeping, and social control. Administrative districts are typically larger than neighbourhoods and their boundaries may cut across neighbourhood divisions. In some cases, however, administrative districts coincided with neighbourhoods, leading to
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1440-435: The early 2000s, Community Development Corporations, Rehabilitation Networks, Neighbourhood Development Corporations, and Economic Development organisations would work together to address the housing stock and the infrastructures of communities and neighbourhoods (e.g., community centres). Community and Economic Development may be understood in different ways, and may involve "faith-based" groups and congregations in cities. In
1485-533: The equivalent organization is the parish , though a parish may have several neighbourhoods within it depending on the area. In localities where neighbourhoods do not have an official status, questions can arise as to where one neighbourhood begins and another ends. Many cities use districts and wards as official divisions of the city, rather than traditional neighbourhood boundaries. ZIP Code boundaries and post office names also sometimes reflect neighbourhood identities. Far Rockaway, Queens Far Rockaway
1530-585: The functions of the city tend to be distributed naturally—that is, without any theoretical preoccupation or political direction—into neighborhoods." Most of the earliest cities around the world as excavated by archaeologists have evidence for the presence of social neighbourhoods. Historical documents shed light on neighbourhood life in numerous historical preindustrial or nonwestern cities. Neighbourhoods are typically generated by social interaction among people living near one another. In this sense they are local social units larger than households not directly under
1575-567: The legislature but was vetoed by the New York City mayor John Purroy Mitchel . The area saw economic decline in World War I and again during the Great Depression . New apartment complexes were built in the neighborhood following World War II, but the construction of public housing and medical institutions again caused the reputation of Far Rockaway to decline in the 1960s. In September 2017,
1620-402: The neighborhood's heyday as a resort community declined in the 1950s, the city built substantial numbers of public housing developments to try to replace substandard housing after World War II. Bungalows and other residential housing were converted to year-round use for low-income residents. Some bungalows were used as public housing. The 1970s New York City budget crisis had a negative effect on
1665-461: The neighborhood. Part is in a Registered historic District. Springfield Gardens is located within ZIP Codes 11434 (western part) and 11413 (eastern part). Springfield Park consists of 23.54 acres (9.53 ha), including the sizable Springfield Lake at its center. It is located on the west side of Springfield Boulevard between 145th Road and 147th Avenue. The 90-acre (36 ha) Brookville Park
1710-431: The neighbourhood as a small-scale democracy , regulated primarily by ideas of reciprocity among neighbours. Neighbourhoods have been the site of service delivery or "service interventions" in part as efforts to provide local, quality services, and to increase the degree of local control and ownership. Alfred Kahn, as early as the mid-1970s, described the "experience, theory and fads" of neighbourhood service delivery over
1755-596: The newcomers being people from Brooklyn seeking out suburban homes. In 1927, the name of the community was changed to the more elegant Springfield Gardens. Farmers Boulevard, Merrick Boulevard , Springfield Boulevard , Rockaway Boulevard , and Guy R. Brewer Boulevard all are major streets in the area. Today the area maintains its low-rise suburban nature. It is home to majority Afro-Caribbean and Indo-Caribbean populations including immigrants from Jamaica , Trinidad , Haiti and Guyana . Many homes have been torn down and remade for more families as more people move into
1800-528: The population. Far Rockaway is a diverse neighborhood with many immigrants from Jamaica , Guyana , and Guatemala , as well as Russia and Ukraine . It also is home to a significant number of Orthodox Jews . The Far Rockaway Beach Bungalow Historic District recognizes an area with a distinct character. This and individual properties, such as the Russell Sage Memorial Church , Trinity Chapel , and United States Post Office are listed on
1845-571: The prior decade, including discussion of income transfers and poverty. Neighbourhoods, as a core aspect of community, also are the site of services for youth, including children with disabilities and coordinated approaches to low-income populations. While the term neighbourhood organisation is not as common in 2015, these organisations often are non-profit, sometimes grassroots or even core funded community development centres or branches. Community and economic development activists have pressured for reinvestment in local communities and neighbourhoods. In
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1890-505: The provision of social services, and problems of poverty, unemployment and drug use increased in this area. In September 1984, residents founded the Beachside Bungalow Preservation Association to "improve the quality of the Far Rockaway community through preservation, education, and cultural programs". The organization donated a collection of materials highlighting its history, correspondence, and activities to
1935-514: Was also located on Central Avenue. In 2013, New York magazine reported that the city planned to construct a public library in the neighborhood, to be designed by the internationally known architectural firm Snøhetta . Construction started in November 2018, and the new library opened in July 2024 at a cost of $ 39 million. The current building is 18,000 square feet (1,700 m ) across two stories, with
1980-640: Was developed in Nassau and later Suffolk counties, many Jewish families left the Rockaways for newer housing. According to The New York Times , Far Rockaway had "flourished in the 1940s but withered...1960s" until "a few Jewish families...started the Hebrew Free Loan Society for new home buyers." Synagogues include Congregation Kneseth Israel in Far Rockaway (The White Shul) , which was founded in 1922. Schools include Sh'or Yoshuv Institute of Jewish Studies/Sh'or Yoshuv Yeshiva , Yeshiva Darchei Torah and
2025-482: Was the role of rural to urban migration. This was a continual process in preindustrial cities, and migrants tended to move in with relatives and acquaintances from their rural past. Neighbourhood sociology is a subfield of urban sociology which studies local communities Neighbourhoods are also used in research studies from postal codes and health disparities , to correlations with school drop out rates or use of drugs. Some attention has also been devoted to viewing
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