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47-752: The SPR was eventually type-classified by the U.S. Navy as the Mk 12 . The weapon was developed by the Naval Surface Warfare Center Crane Division for US military special operations units. The rifle is designed to fire semi-automatically, although it has the option to fire in full auto in case of emergencies. Early experience in influencing the SPR was from American forces deployed in Somalia when they used different optics, ammo, triggers, free float hand guards and rail systems for their rifles. The SPR concept

94-452: A 1:7 (178 mm) rifling twist ratio is standard for the SPR. The barrels are manufactured by Douglas Barrels with a unique contour that reduced weight but maintained rigidity for accuracy. An OPS Inc. muzzle brake and collar (to align the OPS Inc. 12th Model Suppressor ) is installed with the barrel. These barrels were designed to take advantage of the new Mk 262 cartridge , which uses

141-553: A 77-grain (5 g) bullet. Some early Mod H's were made using Noveske barrels but eventually switched back to the Douglas barrels commonly shared across the other variants. SPRs have been seen with M16A1 or M16A2 fixed buttstocks, telescoping M4 buttstocks, and the Crane Enhanced telescoping buttstock. The rifles are compatible with any type of stock system developed for the M16. In all cases

188-631: A free-floating forearm is used, which does not touch the barrel directly. This increases the accuracy of the weapon by removing vibration and pressure exerted on the barrel by the rest of the gun. The first SPRs used PRI Gen I or Gen II carbon-fiber free-float tubes. The SPR/A, SPR/B, and MK 12 MOD 1 all use the Knights Armament Company M4 Match Free-Floating Rail Adapter System, KAC part number 99167. The Mk 12 MOD 0/H uses PRI Gen III free-float tubes. The Gen I and Gen II Freefloat Forearms are combined with

235-600: A honeycomb anti-glare anti-reflection device. Given Nightforce Optics ' NAVSPECWAR contract, it is believed that many NAVSPECWAR issued SPRs will use the Nightforce 2.5-10x42 NXS scope. A long accessory rail, called a Swan Sleeve (ARMS SPR MOD or ARMS #38 SPR PEQ-2-3), manufactured by ARMS, is installed, running the length of the rifle. The SPR/A and SPR/B both used the KAC M4 Match FF RAS, KAC part number 99167. Two ARMS #22 Throwlever 30 mm steel rings are used to mount

282-438: A net loss of 672 civilian jobs from the base. Naval Support Activity Crane hosts a number of different commands and divisions. These are: The base is the third largest naval installation in the world, comprising approximately 280 square kilometers (110 sq mi) of territory. Lake Greenwood , a 320-hectare (790-acre) lake, is entirely encompassed by the base. White oak wood for reconstruction of USS  Constitution

329-523: A number of applications. Examples include using a variety of commercially available tools to do the following: Additional modeling capabilities within the Special Missions Focus Area use common modeling tools (i.e., Finite Element Analysis, MATLAB, COMSOL, etc.) as well as tools developed within the government to better understand electrooptic phenomena, warfighter technology applications, benefits, and trade spaces of new technologies, etc. In

376-474: A performance-based sustainment (PBS) solution for Electronic Warfare Systems. Using SysML and DoDAF, the interactions between Crane employees, automated tools, the Electronic Warfare systems, and data to accomplish PBS are simulated. The Maritime Electronic Warfare Systems Division provides modeling and simulation for shipboard Electronic Warfare (EW) Systems. Scenarios have been constructed to characterize

423-549: A polymer tip to improve ballistics. This new bullet was found exclusively in an upgraded version of the Black Hills Ammo MK262 MOD 1 loading, but this bullet has been released by Sierra to reloaders prior to the end of 2014. The Sierra part number for this bullet is 7177. The Mk 12 SPR has been manufactured by various firearms companies as clone rifles after the Mk 12 was phased out. Centurion Arms manufactures clones of

470-639: A retrofit upper of the Mod 0 with PRI Gen3 round hanguards and a shorter RECCE rail to replace the original Swan Sleeve, reducing weight, and either Douglas or Noveske barrels made with the SPR profile in a rifle length gas system. The Mk 12 was phased out of service in 2017. The majority of the SPR upper receivers were initially supplied by Colt , with others being produced by Diemaco (now Colt Canada ). Colt had been outsourcing parts of its production to Diemaco for several years, then purchased Diemaco in February 2005. It

517-567: A systems engineering sustainment system that automates Electronic Warfare (EW) Systems sustainment activities. The model is created using the IBM Rational Rhapsody tool using the SysML modeling language and DoD Application Framework (DoDAF). The sustainment model implements life-cycle activities including logistics delays based on real or proposed replacement part reliabilities, quantities, and locations, along with workflows and processes to support

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564-458: A variety of firearms, including AR-15-style rifles. KAC is owned by C. Reed Knight and is based in Titusville, Florida . Knight's Manufacturing Company (KMC) is the division of KAC responsible for producing products for the civilian market. The United States military , as well as other special forces and police around the world, use KAC RIS/RAS conversions for many popular firearms, including

611-462: A weapon shock simulator to augment live-fire on weapon accessories and other weapon-mounted electronics to ensure proper survivability. Measured shock profiles from actual weapons are used with the simulator to test the survivability of batteries, electrical connections, and optical components. This division also uses a six-axis platform that simulates sea states for testing auto tracker software. The Electro-Optic Technology Division uses modeling tools in

658-549: Is also involved in systems development for the upcoming DD(X) class of destroyer for the US Navy and the Littoral Combat Ship (LCS). Operations at Crane are divided into three distinct focus areas: Strategic Missions, Electronic Warfare, and Expeditionary Warfare. "Deter – Defend – Defeat" The Strategic Missions Focus Area encompasses the full range of DoD activities that alter an adversary's will and ability to attack

705-581: Is harvested at this base from a grove of trees known as "Constitution Grove". 38°52′12″N 86°50′04″W  /  38.8701°N 86.8344°W  / 38.8701; -86.8344 Knights Armament Company Knight's Armament Company ( KAC ) is an American firearms and firearms parts manufacturer , known for producing the Rail Interface System (RIS) and the Rail Adapter System (RAS) grips for firearms use. The company produces

752-518: Is recognized worldwide as a modern and sophisticated leader in diverse and highly technical product lines. In 2005, the Base Realignment and Closure Commission recommended to retain most existing operations at Crane, with weapons and armaments research, development and acquisition, and test and evaluation, but moving gun/ammunition, combat system security, and energetic materials to Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake . This BRAC change resulted in

799-474: Is the only DOD Engineering, Logistics, and Maintenance Capability for Air, Ground, Surface, and Submarine EW Systems within one Facility Crane is helping the Army to improve their capabilities of countering improvised explosive devices (IED). The Expeditionary Electronic Warfare Division models and simulates: Counter Radio Controlled IED Electronics Warfare (CREW) systems; radio control trigger devices for IEDs; and,

846-570: Is the principal tenant command located at Naval Support Activity Crane (NSA Crane) in Indiana . NSA Crane is a United States Navy installation located approximately 25 miles (40 km) southwest of Bloomington , Indiana , and predominantly located in Martin County , but small parts also extend into Greene and Lawrence counties. It was originally established in 1941 under the Bureau of Ordnance as

893-476: Is unclear whether the upper receivers for the later SPRs came solely from ArmaLite, or were a mix of receivers from ArmaLite and Colt/Diemaco. All of these upper receivers are flat-topped, but have been seen with either the old-style teardrop forward assist or the newer round style. When the SPR program was still just an upper receiver assembly (and not a complete rifle), Crane assembled all of its prototypes using either M16A1 or M4A1 lower receivers, because

940-553: The Heckler & Koch Mark 23 SOCOM pistol. KAC also produces a line of clip-on night vision and thermal weapon sights, including the AN/PVS-22 Universal Night Sight . KAC produces mounts for optics and grenade launchers, as well as backup iron sights. Knight's Armament produces a line of firearms including the semi-automatic SR-15 line of rifles, the fully automatic SR-16 carbine, the semi-automatic SR-25 sniper rifle,

987-725: The Naval Sea Systems Command that was established from the merger of the Naval Ordnance Systems Command and Naval Ship Systems Command . Shortly after in 1975, Crane's name was changed to the Naval Weapons Support Center which more accurately reflected the true function of the installation. In 1977, a major change occurred with the designation of the United States Army as the single-service manager of conventional ammunition. This resulted in

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1034-523: The Nosler bullet manufacturing company, who made a similar 77 gr (5.0 g) OTM bullet, and Nosler agreed to supply cannelured bullets to Black Hills. The newer load was designated Mk 262 MOD 1. Recently, Sierra added a minimal cannelure to its bullet, and this has since replaced the Nosler bullet in the current versions of Mk 262 MOD 1. In late 2014, Sierra introduced a tipped version of this bullet which adds

1081-470: The AEM5. The AEM5 is essentially the same suppressor design and actually built by the same individual, Ron Allen, who previously fabricated the 12th model suppressor for Ops, Inc. Other models of this suppressor are also produced that look the same from the outside, but are fundamentally different suppressors. The SPR is not used to fire standard issue 5.56mm M855A1 , M193 ball , or M856 tracer ammunition. Due to

1128-663: The ARMS #40 flip up rear sight. The rest of the models use the KAC 600 meter flip up rear, KAC part number 98474. Due to the relative modularity of the system, optics (as well as almost everything else) can be mounted according to the operator's wishes. However, SPRs are most often seen with a 3.5–10×40 mm Leupold LR M3 (SPR/A), a 2.5–8×36 mm TS-30 (SPR/B), or a 3–9×36 mm TS-30 A2 (Mk 12 MOD 0/1) Mid Range/Tactical Illuminated Reticle Dayscope. Night vision devices can also be attached. These scopes usually come with flip open dust covers and

1175-622: The American M16 / M4 rifles and Heckler & Koch MP5 series submachine guns . The RIS/RAS system allows for the mounting of accessories to firearms without additional tools or modifications. The system is utilized alongside a KAC suppressor and forward grip on the "Special Operations Peculiar MODification" ( SOPMOD ) M4 carbine package in use by United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM). The mounted accessories can include tactical flashlights, laser targeting units, bipods , and vertical foregrips . KAC produces sound suppressors for

1222-622: The Atlantic Research Marketing Systems #38 SPR MOD Sleeve, while the Gen III Freefloat Forearm, due to its larger barrel nut, only works with the ARMS #38 SPR PEQ-2-3. The original SPR used an early PRI flip-up front sight with an elevation dial, which has since been discontinued. The Mk 12 MOD 0/H uses the current PRI flip-up front sight. The SPR/A, SPR/B, and Mk 12 MOD 1 use the KAC rail forend flip-up front sight, KAC part number 99051. The SPR and Mk 12 MOD 0/H use

1269-520: The Bureau. In the 1960s, Crane came under the command of the newly established Naval Ordnance Systems Command and began providing technical support for weapons systems including logistics, in-service engineering, repair, overhaul, and design. In the 1970s, Crane's support began to include batteries, rotating components, electronic components, failure analysis, and standard hardware and new technologies related to night vision systems. In 1974, Crane came under

1316-561: The MOD 0 and MOD 1. The OPS Inc. 12th Model SPR Muzzle Brake Suppressor threads directly onto the OPS Inc. muzzle brake and uses the collar to stay centered for Mk 12 MOD 0/1 models. The first 100 suppressors were made in RD Systems in South Beloit, Illinois. In 2014, Ops, Inc stopped manufacturing this model of suppressors. The equivalent product is currently manufactured by Allen Engineering Co as

1363-619: The Mk 12. Troy Industries made a retro Mk 12 for sale in 2017. Oberland Arms released a version of the Mk 12 in 2019. Palmetto State Armory released clones of the Mk 12 Mod 0, Mod 1, and Mod H in 2023 known as the Sabre Mk 12. Precision Reflex Inc unveiled a Mk 12 rifle chambered in .308 Winchester in SHOT SHOW 24 in January 2024. Naval Surface Warfare Center Crane Division Naval Surface Warfare Center Crane Division ( NSWC Crane Division )

1410-464: The Naval Ammunition Depot for the production, testing, and storage of ordnance under the first supplemental Defense Appropriation Act. The base is named after William M. Crane . The base is the third largest naval installation in the world by geographic area and employs approximately 3,300 people. The closest community is the small town of Crane , which lies adjacent to the northwest corner of

1457-1268: The Navy's Strategic Systems Programs Strategic Weapons System and Attack Weapon Control System. The Flight Systems Division (Code GXM) models and simulates electronic components and subsystems of the Navy's Strategic Weapons System including the Attack Weapon Control System and Counter Measurement System. Analyses include Signal Processing, Signal Integrity (SI), and Electromagnetic Compatibility/Electromagnetic Interference (EMC/EMI) using Signal Modeling and Simulation (M&S) techniques, Circuit M&S techniques, and Method of Moments (MoM). Particular signal M&S tools include Matlab/Simulink and particular circuit M&S and MoM tools include Agilent Technologies Advanced Design System (ADS) with Agilent Momentum. The Platform and Launch Systems Division (Code GXP) models and simulates: The Technology and Infrastructure Protection Division's Strategic Test and Validation Systems Branch Code GXQP models and simulates Strategic Weapon Systems Coordination. Analyses are performed for requirements verification using Matlab/Simulink. The Radar Systems Engineering Division (Code GXR) models and simulates: "Control

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1504-475: The RF prorogation paths involved in the engagement and defeat of RCIEDS, allowing former field tests to be run in a controlled laboratory environment. The IR/RF Systems Technologies Division's Navy Infrared Countermeasures Effectiveness Laboratory, (NICEL), models and simulates threat IR missile vs. aircraft engagements to support aircraft countermeasure development. The Maritime Electronic Warfare Systems Division models

1551-558: The SOPMOD Block I program, and the U.S. Navy SEALs Recon Rifle , a 16" flat-topped M16 carbine. Early models included the SPR, SPR/A, and SPR/B. The Naval Surface Warfare Center, Crane Division expanded on the Recon Rifle. Initial tests were conducted in October 2000 in order to determine any weaknesses with the first SPR rifles manufactured. From 2000 to 2001, all errors were corrected for

1598-798: The SR-25 based Mark 11 Mod 0 Sniper Weapon System , and the M110 Semi-Automatic Sniper System . KAC designed and produces the Knight's Armament Company PDW and also produces the Stoner LMG in limited quantities. In 2011, KAC released the SR15/SR16 E3 line of rifles. In September 2023, the company was selected to provide the Knight's Stoner 1 variant of its SR-16 rifle to the British Army Special Operations Brigade and to

1645-563: The Spectrum – Control the Fight" Electronic Warfare supports any military action using electromagnetic energy to control the electromagnetic spectrum or attack an adversary Crane develops and manufactures all of the infrared countermeasures used on US Navy aircraft Crane developed and operates the only COMOPTEVFOR certified test facilities to support EW T&E events such as Developmental Tests, Operational assessments, and Operational Tests Crane

1692-797: The United States and its interests . Crane is the acquisition engineering & technical support agent for the Navy's Strategic Programs Office for the fielding of the Integrated Nuclear Weapons Security System. Crane provides a broad range of systems engineering expertise for the sustainment and modernization of the Air Forces Ballistic Missile Early Warning Systems. Crane supports systems engineering design, analysis, test, and evaluation of flight systems for Strategic platforms. Crane provides product and subsystem engineering and logistics to

1739-652: The dayscope. The SPR/A, SPR/B, and Mk 12 MOD 1 use ARMS #22 high rings, while due to the increased height from the SWAN Sleeve, the SPR and Mk 12 MOD 0/H use ARMS #22 medium rings. An under-the-handguard ARMS #32 Throwlever mount is used to mount the Harris bipod (the ARMS #42 Throwlever mount is used to mount the Versa-Pod); this features a quick release action. Nightforce Ultralite 1.375" rings were also alternate issued rings, primarily with Nightforce riflescopes from Crane. Originally

1786-474: The effects of various threats on EW systems and to develop technology for increasing system performance. Antenna patterns measured in the anechoic environment are used to both enhance models and validate simulations. "Rapid Response – Proven Solutions" Special Missions supports military forces engaged in Special Operations, Irregular Warfare and Riverine Operations Crane designed, built, and fielded

1833-486: The establishment of the tenant command, Crane Army Ammunition Activity (CAAA) which took over the loading, assembly, and storage of ammunition at the installation. CAAA and Crane's strong partnership continues today. In 1992, Crane's name was changed to the Crane Division, Naval Surface Warfare Center when the warfare centers were established under the related systems commands. Today, grown from its ordnance roots, Crane

1880-531: The facility. With an increasing demand in the 1990s and 2000s by the US military for bases to support multiple functions rather than being sole-purpose installations, Crane has taken on a broad variety of development and support operations. These include expeditionary warfare systems, fleet maintenance, and modernization, radar , power systems, strategic systems, small arms, surface and airborne electronic warfare , night vision systems , and undersea warfare systems. Crane

1927-788: The first Counter-Sniper Enclosure for USAF Force Protection HMMWVs in six weeks Crane is USSOCOM's PM for the development, acquisition, fielding, and sustainment of the SOF Combat Assault Rifle ( SCAR ) SOPMOD has surged more than $ 60 million in ground combat end items to Special Operations in the field during OIF/OEF Crane provided Small Arms operations & maintenance training to over 500 personnel in FY06 Special Missions Human Systems Integration activity uses Concept Modeling tools to analyze gunner tasks to provide improved training and testing methods. The Small Arms Weapons Systems Division utilizes

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1974-525: The full auto trigger group in these lower receivers provided a consistent pull while the more common 3-round burst trigger groups didn't. While a number of trigger options were tried in the end, the Knight's Armament Company (KAC) 2-stage trigger was finally decided upon as the standard. Most of the obsolete M16A1 lower receivers were turned into NSWC Crane for disposal. An 18-inch (457 mm) (MOD 0/1) or 16-inch (406 mm) (MOD H) threaded-muzzle match-grade free floating stainless steel heavy barrel with

2021-437: The late 1940s, an ammunition quality evaluation unit was added by the Bureau to expand its quality control system. As the complexity and sophistication of weapons increased in the 1950s and 1960s, Crane's activities, capabilities, and expertise expanded in scope under the newly formed Bureau of Weapons to include small arms, sonobuoy surveillance, microwave tubes, POLARIS missiles , and other scientific and engineering support to

2068-438: The limits in terminal performance and relatively poor accuracy of the 62-grain (4 g) M855 ball, the Mk 262 Open Tip Match (OTM) round was developed and manufactured by Black Hills Ammunition as a more accurate round for the SPR. The first production batches were designated Mk 262 MOD 0 and used a Sierra MatchKing 77-grain (5 g) Hollow Point Boat Tail bullet without a cannelure (crimping groove). Black Hills then approached

2115-411: The relatively expensive Parker-Hale swivel bipods were used, but were taken off the system after the initial SPR. Currently, a Harris swivel model bipod is typically used with the SPR, and is sometimes seen with a KMW Pod-Loc tension adjustment device. As mentioned above, the bipod is mounted via an ARMS #32 throwlever device attached to the bottom rail of the rifle's forearm. The ARMS mount is used on both

2162-641: The second production of SPRs. The first SPRs were issued in 2002. The Mk 12 Mod 0 was only used by the US Army Special Forces while the Mk 12 Mod 1 was used by the Rangers, Navy SEALs and Special Tactical Teams. The USMC also used the Mk 12 Mod 1 towards the end of the war in Iraq and extensively in Afghanistan . They were mostly deployed as DMRs. The Mk 12 Mod H was used primarily by Army SOF and SMUs, and featured

2209-408: Was originally proposed by Mark Westrom, president of ArmaLite , while working at Rock Island Arsenal in 2000. Its design group included John Noveske and Steve Holland. The program was an outgrowth of the desire by both US Army and Navy special operations forces for a rifle with greater effective range than an M4 carbine but shorter than an SR-25 . The SPR program appears to have grown out of both

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