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41-656: Formed in 1992, it was the elite unit of the Armed Forces of Serbia and Montenegro . Reconfigured in 2006 to a battalion within a newly-formed Serbian Armed Forces, the "72nd" regained the status of a brigade in 2019. The unit has its origins in the 72nd Special Brigade of Armed Forces of Serbia and Montenegro which was formed in 1992. It consisted of 1st reconnaissance-commando battalion, 2nd reconnaissance-commando battalion, MP battalion for counter-terrorist operations, and logistic unit. In 2006, 1st reconnaissance-commando battalion and 2nd reconnaissance-commando battalion merged into

82-429: A black Basque beret during his travels. The specifications were that it had to protect men's hair from the oil in a tank but not take up space in the cramped interior, and he led Gatehouse straight to his room. Hanging on the wall was his Basque beret from Pamplona. He tossed it across, and Gatehouse gingerly tried it on. The beret design was adopted... The black RTR beret was made famous by Field Marshal Montgomery in

123-459: A fashion statement and for its political undertones. Berets were also worn by bebop and jazz musicians like Dizzy Gillespie , Gene Krupa , Wardell Gray and Thelonious Monk . Guerrillero Heroico , an iconic photograph of the Argentine revolutionary Che Guevara , shows him wearing a black beret with a brass star. In the 1960s several activist groups adopted the black beret. These include

164-660: A few well-known historic examples are the Scottish soldiers, who wore the blue bonnet in the 17th and 18th centuries, the Volontaires Cantabres, a French force raised in the Basque country in the 1740s to the 1760s, who also wore a blue beret, and the Carlist rebels, with their red berets, in 1830s Spain. The French Chasseurs alpins , a corps of mountain troops created in 1888, were the first permanently established military force to wear

205-400: A headband or sweatband attached to the wool, made either from leather, silk or cotton ribbon, sometimes with a drawstring allowing the wearer to tighten the cap. The drawstrings are, according to custom, either tied and cut off or tucked in or else left to dangle. The beret is often adorned with a cap badge , either in cloth or metal. Some berets have a piece of buckram or other stiffener in

246-404: A local craft, beret-making became industrialised in the 19th century. The first factory, Beatex-Laulhere, claims production records dating back to 1810. By the 1920s, berets were associated with the working classes in a part of France and Spain and by 1928 more than 20 French factories and some Spanish and Italian factories produced millions of berets. In Western fashion, men and women have worn

287-455: A single reconnaissance-commando battalion "Griffins", and battalion of military police for counter-terrorist operations became counter-terrorism battalion "Hawks". Although with a brigade status (in order to better honor traditions of the past), 72nd Brigade for Special Operations is currently more of a battalion-size unit with proclaimed aim of reaching size of a brigade in order to readdress new defense tasks due to increased security threats. It

328-493: A strong symbol of the unique identity of southwestern France and is worn while celebrating traditional events. In Spain, the beret is usually known as the boina , sometimes also as bilbaína or bilba . They were once common men's headwear across the north and central areas of the country . The first areas to wear it were the Basque Country , Navarre , Aragon and Castile , but its use spread over rest of Spain during

369-580: Is a soft, round, flat-crowned cap made of hand-knitted wool , crocheted cotton, wool felt , or acrylic fibre . Mass production of berets began in the 19th century in Southern France and the north of Spain , where they were already common headwear, and the beret remains associated with these countries, particularly France. Berets are worn as part of the uniform of many military and police units worldwide, as well as by other organizations. Archaeology and art history indicate that headwear similar to

410-918: Is equipped with 14 rigid infaltable boats of type RIB 720. The 72nd Brigade for Special Operations is also equipped with Kornet anti-tank guided missile system . The anniversary of the unit is celebrated on January 27. The unit's slava or its patron saint is Saint Sava known as Savindan . Motto of the Brigade is: "When others can't and don't dare, there is one... the 72nd that always can and dare!" ( Kada drugi ne mogu i ne smeju, samo je jedna... 72. koja uvek može i sme! ). The 72nd wear maroon beret . Armed Forces of Serbia and Montenegro The Armed Forces of Serbia and Montenegro ( Serbo-Croatian : Војска Србије и Црне Горе , Vojska Srbije i Crne Gore , [ВСЦГ / VSCG ]) included ground forces with internal and border troops, naval forces , air and air defense forces , and civil defense . From 1992 to 2003,

451-594: Is no longer as widely worn as it once was, but it remains a strong sign of local identity in the southwest of France. When French people want to picture themselves as "the typical average Frenchman" in France or in a foreign country, they often use this stereotype from Anglo-Saxon countries. There are today, three manufacturers in France. Laulhère (who acquired the formerly oldest manufacturer, Blancq-Olibet, in February 2014 ) has been making bérets since 1840. The beret still remains

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492-842: Is organized into three battalions (two battalions for special operations, "Hawks" and "Griffins", and command battalion) as well as logistics company and a military police platoon. In addition, there is a diving unit (derived from 82nd Marine Center "Shadows" - Yugoslavia's version of the US Navy SEALs) which is part of the "Griffins" battalion. The 72nd Brigade for Special Operations is capable of fulfilling many different roles and to complete various list of tasks, such as: unconventional warfare, direct action, special reconnaissance, counterterrorism, counterinsurgency, information operations. They are also capable of hostage rescue and combat search and rescue if they are needed. Enlisted soldiers have to have at least two years service experience in other units of

533-524: Is part of the long-standing stereotype of the intellectual , film director , artist , " hipster ", poet, bohemian and beatnik . The painter Rembrandt and the composer Richard Wagner , among others, wore berets. In the United States and Britain, the middle of the 20th century saw an explosion of berets in women's fashion. In the latter part of the 20th century, the beret was adopted by the Chinese both as

574-612: Is the usual trophy in sport or bertso competitions, including Basque rural sports, the Basque portions of the Tour de France , and the Vuelta Ciclista al Pais Vasco . It may bear sewn ornamental references to the achievement or contest. The black beret was once considered the national cap of France in Anglo-Saxon countries and is part of the stereotypical image of the Onion Johnny . It

615-692: The British Army , such as the Royal Armoured Corps and the Guards Armoured Division , adopting the black beret in 1941. British officer Bernard Montgomery ("Monty") took to wearing a black beret given to him by the driver of his command vehicle in 1942, and it became his trademark. The maroon beret (not to be confused with the red beret ), was officially introduced in July 1942 at the direction of Major-General Frederick Browning , commander of

656-857: The Montenegrin independence referendum (2006), a fraction of the joint military was given to Montenegro, with the bulk of the force remaining in Serbia . Montenegro inherited the navy as Serbia is landlocked. The Armed Forces of Yugoslavia (VJ) was organized into the following: The inventory included MiG-21 (fighter/recon/trainer), MiG-29 (fighter/trainer), Soko J-22 (ground/recon/trainer), Soko G-2 (fighter/bomber/trainer), Soko G-4 (fighter/bomber/target/trainer, Antonov An-2 (cargo), Antonov An-26 (cargo), Yakovlev Yak-40 (VIP), Mil Mi-8 (multirole), Mil Mi-14 (anti-submarine), Kamov Ka-25 (anti-submarine), Kamov Ka-28 (anti-submarine), Aérospatiale Gazelle (attack/utility/recon). The Navy, officially called

697-690: The Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA), the ETA (who wore black berets over hoods in public appearances), the Black Panther Party of the United States, formed in 1966, and the "Black Beret Cadre" (a similar Black Power organisation in Bermuda ). In addition, the Brown Berets were a Chicano organisation formed in 1967. The Young Lords Party, a Latino revolutionary organisation in

738-485: The Sako TRG 42 . Underwater firearms used by the 82nd River Underwater Demolition Company include SPP-1 underwater pistol and APS underwater rifle . The unit is equipped with domestically-produced Lazar 3 armored personnel carriers and Miloš light armored vehicles as well as with Mali Miloš unmanned ground vehicle. The utility vehicle of the brigade is Land Rover Defender . The 82nd River Underwater Demolition Company

779-556: The Scottish bonnet or Bluebonnet (originally bonaid in Gaelic), whose ribbon cockade and feathers identify the wearer's clan and rank. Other Scottish types include the tam-o'-shanter (named after a Robert Burns ' character in one of his poems) and the striped Kilmarnock cap , both of which feature a large pompom in the centre. The beret's practicality has long made it an item of military, police and other uniform clothing. Among

820-547: The Second World War . The beret fits snugly around the head, and can be "shaped" in a variety of ways – in the Americas it is commonly worn pushed to one side. In Central and South America , local custom usually prescribes the manner of wearing the beret; there is no universal rule and older gentlemen usually wear it squared on the head, jutting forward. It can be worn by both men and women. Military uniform berets feature

861-642: The VSCG was called the Yugoslav Army (Serbo-Croatian: Војска Југославије, BJ / Vojska Jugoslavije, VJ , lit.   ' Army [of] Yugoslavia ' ), created from the remnants of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA), the military of SFR Yugoslavia . The rump state , then named Federal Republic of Yugoslavia , participated in the Yugoslav Wars with limited direct intervention of its own armed forces. Following

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902-554: The War Navy of the Army of Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian : Ратна морнарица Војске Југославије , Ratna mornarica Vojske Jugoslavije, RMVJ ) from 1992 to 2003 and the War Navy of Serbia and Montenegro ( Serbo-Croatian : Ратна Морнарица Србије и Црне Горе , Ratna Mornarica Srbije i Crne Gore , lit.   'War Navy of Serbia and Montenegro') from 2003 to 2006, was based in Kotor and

943-760: The "sweatband" folded inwardly. In such a case, these berets have only an additional inch or so of the same woollen material designed to be folded inwardly. Newer beret styles made of Polar fleece are also popular. Berets came to be popularised across Europe and other parts of the world as typical Basque headgear, as reflected in their name in several languages (e.g. béret basque in French; Baskenmütze in German; Basco in Italian; Tascu/Birritta in Sicilian; or baskeri in Finnish), while

984-454: The 19th century. In the 20th century, the beret became part of a common stereotype of rural people, often with negative connotations of boorishness and uncouthness, found in expressions such as " paleto de boina a rosca " ("a hick wearing a screwed-on beret"), which has greatly reduced the popularity of the beret in Spain. There are several traditional Scottish variants of the beret, notably

1025-416: The 72nd Brigade for Special Operations is divided in three stages and lasts for three years. Candidate specialization and further training depends on which bataillon he is assigned to. Some parts of unit are focusing on reconnaissance or counter terrorism and some are trained for search and rescue. Also many members of the unit conduct training and courses in training centers abroad, through cooperation with

1066-576: The Basques themselves use the words txapela or boneta . They are very popular and common in the Basque Country . The colours adopted for folk costumes varied by region and purpose: black and blue are worn more frequently than red and white, which are usually used at local festivities. The people of Aragon and the Basque country adopted red berets while the black beret became the common headgear of workers in both Spain and France. A big commemorative black beret

1107-604: The British 1st Airborne Division , and soon became an international symbol of airborne forces. In the 1950s the U.S. Army's newly conceived Special Forces units began to wear a green beret as headgear, following the custom of the British Royal Marines , which was officially adopted in 1961 with such units becoming known as the " Green Berets ", and additional specialized forces in the Army, U.S. Air Force and other services also adopted berets as distinctive headgear. The beret

1148-519: The RTR beret is that it was suggested to Alec Gatehouse by Eric Dorman-Smith . While the two officers were serving at Sandhurst in 1924, Gatehouse, who had transferred to the Royal Tank Corps, had been given the task of designing a practical headgear for the new corps. Dorman-Smith had toured Spain, including the Basque region, with his friend Ernest Hemingway during the past few years, and had acquired

1189-548: The Serbian Armed Forces before applying for a position in the 72nd Brigade for Special Operations. Besides that, all candidates need to fulfill a lot of other requirements and only about two-thirds of all candidates pass the psychophysical tests. Brigade uses various training grounds and shooting ranges and for training purposes, although most of it is conducted in unit's home base "Rastko Nemanjić" in Pančevo . Training in

1230-605: The United States in the 1960s and 1970s, also wore berets, as did the Guardian Angels unarmed anti-crime citizen patrol units originated by Curtis Sliwa in New York City in the 1970s to patrol the streets and subways to discourage crime (red berets and matching shirts). Adherents of the Rastafari movement often wear a very large knitted or crocheted black beret with red, gold and green circles atop their dreadlocks . The style

1271-607: The beret since the 1920s as sportswear and later as a fashion statement. Military berets were first adopted by the French Chasseurs Alpins in 1889. After seeing these during the First World War , British General Hugh Elles proposed the beret for use by the newly formed Royal Tank Regiment , which needed headgear that would stay on while climbing in and out of the small hatches of tanks. They were approved for use by King George V in 1924. Another possible origin of

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1312-555: The beret’s association with artists. The Basque-style beret was the traditional headwear of Aragonese and Navarrian shepherds from the Ansó and Roncal valleys of the Pyrenees , a mountain range that divides southern France from northern Spain. The commercial production of Basque-style berets began in the 17th century in the Oloron-Sainte-Marie area of southern France. Originally

1353-512: The end of the Wars and the constitutional reforms of 2003 by which the state was renamed "Serbia and Montenegro", the military accordingly changed its name. The military was heavily involved in combating Albanian separatists during the Kosovo War and Preševo Valley conflict , and also engaged NATO warplanes during the 1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia . Upon the dissolution of Serbia and Montenegro with

1394-533: The military beret as a standard headgear. As retained until the present day the chasseur beret is a large and somewhat floppy headdress. In the 20th century, royal approval was given for the Royal Tank Corps to adopt the black beret in 1924, with the 11th Hussars adopting a brown beret in 1928. In World War II , the Royal Dragoons adopted the grey beret at the end of 1939, with other mechanised units of

1435-520: The modern beret has been worn since the Bronze Age across Northern Europe and as far south as ancient Crete and Italy , where it was worn by the Minoans , Etruscans and Romans . Such headgear has been popular among the nobility and artists across Europe throughout modern history. Dutch artist, Rembrandt , 15 July 1606 - 4 October 1669, was well known for wearing a beret and it is believed he inspired

1476-492: The position where the badge is intended to be worn. Berets are not usually lined, but many are partially lined with silk or satin. In military berets, the headband is worn on the outside; military berets often have external sweatbands of leather, pleather or ribbon. The traditional beret (also worn by selected military units, such as the Belgian Chasseurs Ardennais or the French Chasseurs Alpins ), usually has

1517-621: The remains of one of them were displayed online. Civilians fit for military service were estimated at 4,888,595 (2001 est.). The 2002 estimate for military expenditures as percent of GDP was 4.6%. Significant reforms were undertaken in the military of Serbia and Montenegro. In 2002 the Serbo-Montenegrin Military force numbered around 117,500 soldiers, supported by some 450,000 reserves. The 100,000 strong Army had 1,500 main battle tanks and 687 armed infantry vehicles. The Navy had 3,500 personnel, of whom 900 were marines. The entire Navy

1558-522: The special units of other countries. The assault rifle used by the 72nd Brigade for Special Operations is the FN SCAR L 5.56x45mm. The H&K UMP series are used for the close-quarter battle. The H&K USP is the standard sidearm carried by the soldiers. The FN Minimi is used as light machine gun, 5.56mm and 7.62mm, while domestically-produced Zastava M87 and Zastava M93 are used as heavy machine gun and anti-materiel rifle, respectively. Snipers use

1599-657: Was composed totally out of 6 submarines , 3 frigates , 41 patrol & coastal ships and 14 "other" vessels. The Air force 14,000 personnel had 192 combat aircraft and 72 armed helicopters. Military manpower – military age: 19 years of age (2003 est.) Military manpower – availability: males age 15–49: 3,579,620 (2003 est.) Military manpower – fit for military service: males age 15–49: 3,077,660 (2003 est.) Military manpower – reaching military age annually: males: 101,547 (2003 est.) Military expenditures – dollar figure: $ 954 million (2002) Military expenditures – percent of GDP : 4.6% (2002. est.) The VJ

1640-672: Was in Croatia until October 20, 1992. The VSCG was part of MONUC , the UN mission in the Congo . The VSCG was also part of UNAMSIL , the UN mission into Sierra Leone . Last chief of staff of the Military of Serbia and Montenegro was general Ljubiša Jokić . Beret A beret ( UK : / ˈ b ɛr eɪ / BERR -ay , US : / b ə ˈ r eɪ / bə- RAY ; French : béret [beʁɛ] ; Basque : txapel ; Spanish : boina )

1681-597: Was largely made of vessels inherited from the pre-1992 Yugoslav War Navy ( Serbo-Croatian : Југословенска ратна морнарица , Jugoslovenska ratna mornarica , lit.   'Yugoslav War Navy'). During NATO 's Operation Allied Force in 1999, the Navy took control over civilian shipping around Kotor , despite NATO's blockade and in several actions the navy's warships fired at NATO aircraft that were on their way to strike Yugoslav targets. The Navy claimed to have shot down three UAVs over Boka Kotorska . The images of

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