Spackling paste or spackle is a putty used to fill holes, small cracks, and other minor surface defects in wood , drywall , and plaster . Typically, spackling is composed of gypsum plaster from hydrated calcium sulfate and glue .
31-492: Spackling paste is comparable and contrastable with joint compound as both look similar and serve the similar purpose of filling in low spots in walls and ceilings. The chief differences are that spackling paste typically dries faster, shrinks less during drying, and is meant for smaller repairs, and not for a whole room or house. It is not uncommon for the general public to call any of these products "spackle", but tradespersons usually specify joint compound (drywall mud) when that
62-415: A positive ion (called a cation ) are also commonly called "acetates" (hence, acetate of lead , acetate of aluminium , etc.). The simplest of these is hydrogen acetate (called acetic acid ) with corresponding salts, esters , and the polyatomic anion CH 3 CO 2 , or CH 3 COO . Most of the approximately 5 million tonnes of acetic acid produced annually in industry are used in
93-410: A complex combination often including water , limestone , expanded perlite , ethylene-vinyl acetate polymer , attapulgite , and other ingredients. Powdered joint compound is mixed with water immediately before use. Powdered drying or setting-type compounds are available in similar combinations and consistency as the ready-mix. This type of joint compound is commonly referred to as "hot mud" due to
124-508: A drywall system that can be finished anywhere from a level 0 to a level 5, where 0 is not finished in any fashion, and 5 is the most pristine. A similar compound is used in sprayed-on textural finishing for gypsum panel walls and ceilings that are pre-sealed and coated with a joint compound. Until the last century, several different plasters such as veneer plaster and " plaster of Paris " have been used in similar ways to joint compounds as fillers or for decorative purposes since ancient times, and
155-541: A pH of 5.5, acetic acid converts to acetate: Many acetate salts are ionic, indicated by their tendency to dissolve well in water. A commonly encountered acetate in the home is sodium acetate , a white solid that can be prepared by combining vinegar and sodium bicarbonate ("bicarbonate of soda"): Transition metals can be complexed by acetate. Examples of acetate complexes include chromium(II) acetate and basic zinc acetate. Commercially important acetate salts are aluminium acetate , used in dyeing , ammonium acetate ,
186-555: A precursor to acetamide , and potassium acetate , used as a diuretic . All three salts are colourless and highly soluble in water. Acetate esters have the general formula CH 3 CO 2 R, where R is an organyl group . The esters are the dominant forms of acetate in the marketplace. Unlike the acetate salts, acetate esters are often liquids, lipophilic, and sometimes volatile. They are popular because they have inoffensive, often sweet odors, they are inexpensive, and they are usually of low toxicity. Almost half of acetic acid production
217-478: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Joint compound Joint compound (also known as drywall compound , drywall mud , joint cement or mastic ) is a white powder of primarily gypsum dust mixed with water to form a paste the consistency of cake frosting, which is spread onto drywall and sanded when dry to create a seamless base for paint on walls and ceilings. When used for new walls, joint compound effectively eliminates blemishes from
248-494: Is a fragrance used in food products. Acetate is a common anion in biology. It is mainly utilized by organisms in the form of acetyl coenzyme A . Intraperitoneal injection of sodium acetate (20 or 60 mg per kg body mass) was found to induce headache in sensitized rats, and it has been proposed that acetate resulting from oxidation of ethanol is a major factor in causing hangovers . Increased serum acetate levels lead to accumulation of adenosine in many tissues including
279-519: Is common symbol for acetyl group CH 3 CO ).The pseudoelement symbol "Ac" is also sometimes encountered in chemical formulas as indicating the entire acetate ion ( CH 3 CO 2 ). It is not to be confused with the symbol of actinium , the first element of the actinide series; context guides disambiguation. For example, the formula for sodium acetate might be abbreviated as "NaOAc", rather than "NaC 2 H 3 O 2 ". Care should also be taken to avoid confusion with peracetic acid when using
310-586: Is consumed in the production of vinyl acetate , precursor to polyvinyl alcohol , which is a component of many paints . The second largest use of acetic acid is consumed in the production of cellulose acetate . In fact, "acetate" is jargon for cellulose acetate, which is used in the production of fibres or diverse products, e.g. the acetate discs used in audio record production. Cellulose acetate can be found in many household products. Many industrial solvents are acetates, including methyl acetate , ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate , ethylhexyl acetate. Butyl acetate
341-409: Is messy work, and finished surfaces, such as floors and air handling ducts, must be covered. Pockmarks are defects caused by air bubbles which form after the joint compound is applied, due to the inability of moisture to be absorbed into the surface under certain surface conditions: The moisture exits through the finished surface, making bubbles that dry as pockmarks. The bubbles can be reworked while
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#1733106944626372-611: Is specifically meant. Spackle is an abandoned trademark of the Muralo Company, located in Bayonne, New Jersey . Muralo's product is dry powder, to be mixed with water by the user to form putty or paste brought to market in 1927, then patented and trademarked in 1928. The term spackle has since become a genericized trademark applied in the United States to a variety of household hole-filling products. The first written appearance of
403-448: Is the primary material used in the drywall industry applied by a tradesperson called a " drywall mechanic ," "taper," or "drywall taper." The flexibility and plastic qualities of joint compound make it a versatile material both as a sealer or finishing coat for wall surfaces and in decorative applications ranging from machine sprayed texturing to hand-trowelled or even hand-crafted sculptural finishes. Applying and sanding joint compound
434-465: Is then converted into acetate in E. coli , whilst producing ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation . Acetate formation requires two enzymes: phosphate acetyltransferase and acetate kinase. acetyl-CoA + phosphate → acetyl-phosphate + CoA acetyl-phosphate + ADP → acetate + ATP Acetic acid can also undergo a dismutation reaction to produce methane and carbon dioxide : This disproportionation reaction
465-478: The UK , Ireland , South Africa , Australia , and Canada , the brand "Polyfilla", multipurpose filler, is used as a generic term for spackling paste, even though it differs from spackle in being cellulose based. The manufacturers claim that it has an advantage over spackle in that it does not shrink or crack. This material -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This product article
496-813: The exothermic reaction that takes place when the powder is mixed with water. Drying-type comes in ready-mix or powdered form. Drying-type joint compounds are vinyl based and harden by evaporation . Drying-type joint compound is usually more forgiving than setting type joint compound and can be used for as long a period as needed while not dry or frozen. Drying-type compound and all materials should be used at temperatures above 55 °F (13 °C). Setting type comes only in powdered form and are mixed with water immediately before use. Setting-type joint compounds are plaster of paris based and harden by chemical processes and evaporation rather than solely evaporation, giving it an advantage in filling holes and gaps that would take many days to dry out with shrinkage cracks if using
527-478: The OAc abbreviation; for clarity and to avoid errors when translated, HOAc should be avoided in literature mentioning both compounds. Although its systematic name is ethanoate ( / ɪ ˈ θ æ n oʊ . eɪ t / ), the common acetate remains the preferred IUPAC name . The acetate anion , [CH 3 COO] ,(or [C 2 H 3 O 2 ] ) is one of the carboxylate family. It is the conjugate base of acetic acid . Above
558-399: The actual make up, and working properties of these compounds is much similar. Joint compound is comparable and contrastable with spackling paste . The similarities and differences are discussed at Spackling paste § Comparison with joint compound . Ready-mix joint compound is a pre-made joint compound of drying type only designed for fast application and easy maintenance. The compound is
589-446: The brain, and administration of the adenosine receptor antagonist caffeine to rats after ethanol was found to decrease nociceptive behavior. Acetate has known immunomodulatory properties and can affect the innate immune response to pathogenic bacteria such as the respiratory pathogen Haemophilus influenzae . Pyruvate is converted into acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) by the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase . This acetyl-CoA
620-415: The combination of acetic acid with a base (e.g. alkaline , earthy , metallic , nonmetallic or radical base ). "Acetate" also describes the conjugate base or ion (specifically, the negatively charged ion called an anion ) typically found in aqueous solution and written with the chemical formula C 2 H 3 O 2 . The neutral molecules formed by the combination of the acetate ion and
651-662: The compound is drying to attain a smooth surface. Although additives exist to reduce pockmarks, additive use is discouraged by drywall manufacturers as they reduce bonding, so they should not be used on the bed coat. Pockmarks may be created intentionally to mimic certain rough wallpaper textures. Construction workers mixing or sanding drywall joint compound are often exposed to high concentrations of dusts containing talc , calcite , mica , gypsum , and in some cases, respirable silica ; which have been associated with varying degrees of immediate eye, nose, throat, and respiratory tract irritation. Prolonged exposure over time to breathing
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#1733106944626682-542: The compound may be set up prematurely. Setting type compounds can be used at temperatures down to 45 °F (7 °C). Lightweight joint compound formulas weigh 25-30% less than conventional joint compounds due to ingredient changes and allows for easier sanding. Reduced dust formulas cause the dust particles to clump together, falling out of the air sooner than regular formulas, thus reducing airborne dust. Moisture- and mold-resistant formulas are available. Tapeless drywall joint compounds can be applied directly to
713-490: The drying type compound. Another advantage to setting-type compounds is that after curing, they do not soften when wet. Thus, they are better for moist environments, such as bathrooms. Setting type compounds are available in setting times ranging from 5 to 300 minutes and finish characteristics from tough and well bonded to soft and easy to sand. After setting any leftover cannot be resaturated and reused. All tools in contact with setting type joint compound must be very clean, or
744-425: The dust from drywall joint compounds may cause persistent throat and airway irritation, coughing, phlegm production, and breathing difficulties similar to asthma. When silica is present in the drywall joint compound, workers may also face an increased risk of silicosis and lung cancer . Prior to 1977, joint compounds often contained asbestos fibers to enhance cohesiveness. Exposure to friable asbestos increases
775-487: The generic use of the word spackle was around 1940. The product name was likely derived from the German word Spachtel , meaning "putty knife" or "filler." Other possible origins include Russian шпаклевать ( tr. shpaklevat ; to fill holes with putty or caulk), Polish szpachla (spatula or putty knife), and Yiddish spaklieven (to fill in small holes in plaster), all of which are likely derived from German. In
806-441: The joints without either paper or fibreglass mesh tape. Eliminating the taping steps can save about 30% of labour time for finishing drywall joints. Tapeless setting joint compounds are either reinforced by chemical glues or fibers. Tapeless drying-type joint compounds can be mixed with a fiber additive which can be mixed into conventional drying-type compounds to create tapeless joint compounds. Firewalls , walls built to slow
837-476: The production of acetates, which usually take the form of polymers . In nature, acetate is the most common building block for biosynthesis . When part of a salt , the formula of the acetate ion is written as CH 3 CO 2 , C 2 H 3 O 2 , or CH 3 COO . Chemists often represent acetate as OAc or, less commonly, AcO . Thus, HOAc is the symbol for acetic acid, NaOAc for sodium acetate , and EtOAc for ethyl acetate (as Ac
868-486: The risks of various severe health conditions, including cancer. In 1977 the Consumer Products Safety Commission banned wall patching (joint) compounds containing asbestos. For the reasons above and possibly others, constant use of a respirator is recommended by almost all drywall compound manufacturers and is required by some labor authorities. Acetate An acetate is a salt formed by
899-443: The sheets of drywall to be mudded usually having tapered edges to provide space for the thickness of the tape and mud at the seams. Correct type of mud selection is essential for the first and last layer, though an all-purpose compound may be adequate for all coats. Some drywall professionals use setting type mud for the first coat and a drying type for the thinner finish coat. Three main joint compound layers/coats: Joint compound
930-480: The spread of fire, with penetrations fill the gap around the penetration with fire safing material (fire wool) and the surface around the penetration is sealed with an additional 1 ⁄ 2 " - 1" thick fire-rated joint compound that dries red in color. Drywall systems without penetrations can obtain ASTM C475 fire ratings using conventional joint compound at the seams. Mudding is usually done in three layers, with
961-506: The surface of drywall, such as fasteners, damage, or drywall tape. Joint compound is used to finish gypsum panel joints filled with paper or fiber joint tape, corner bead, trim and fasteners, and to skim coat. It is also convenient for patching holes, bumps, tears, and other minor damage to existing walls. In North America, troweling joint mud on gypsum panels is a standard construction technique prior to painting wall and ceiling surfaces. Joint compound type and formula selection forms part of