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49-527: The site first was used for industry starting in 1893 and was a long time steel mill. Ling-Temco-Vought (LTV) purchased Jones and Laughlin Steel Company in 1974 and merged with Republic Steel in 1985, which formed LTV Steel Co. LTV became the second largest steel producer in the nation. South Side Works was one of three LTV manufacturing facilities in Pittsburgh. One year following the merger, Republic Steel

98-514: A Hilton Garden Inn hotel on the building's lower floors, while the upper floors were made into residential apartments. With reference to the building's history and previous tenants, the apartments were dubbed the LTV Tower Apartments. The building's new owners used the letters of the name to create a promotional tagline for the property: "Love The View". LTV spent its later years in Dallas in

147-423: A hostile takeover . The new company became Ling-Temco-Vought . With low interest rates allowing the company to borrow huge sums, Ling built one of the major 1960s conglomerates. As long as the target company's earnings exceeded the interest on the loan (or corporate bond ), or the company's price/earnings ratio was less than that of Ling-Temco-Vought's stock, the conglomerate became more profitable overall. Given

196-692: A last resource, the Office of the Attorney General challenged the decision in The Supreme Court of Texas. On September 19, 2024, The Supreme Court of Texas denied the Attorney General's filing, since it was considered that the State Fair is allowed under Texas law to implement whichever policies they considered. The economics, finances and management of the State Fair of Texas is a matter of public concern and study. The five main areas of concern are: Staff of

245-522: A major report laying a major portion of blame upon the State Fair of Texas for hindering development at and around Fair Park. A Segregated Fair For the majority of time the State Fair of Texas has been in operation, it was a segregated fair. African Americans were allowed into the fair only on "Negro Achievement Day," known colloquially as "Nigger Day" by the white population. The end of the segregated fair began in 1953 under increasing pressure to desegregate. In that year, African Americans were allowed in

294-599: A new complex, LTV Center, which opened in 1985 at 2001 Ross Avenue. After LTV departed its headquarters for Cleveland, the building was renamed the Trammell Crow Tower; it is now Trammell Crow Center . Notes Bibliography State Fair of Texas The State Fair of Texas is an annual state fair held in Dallas at historic Fair Park . The fair has taken place every year since 1886 except for varying periods during World War I and World War II as well as 2020, due to

343-407: A new safety policy. The Attorney General of Texas, Ken Paxton , warned fair officials and the Dallas' interim manager that they had 15 days to overturn the policy or his office would take legal action. Fair officials decided to maintain the gun ban policy, since they are part of private nonprofit in charge of running The State Fair of Texas and they are able to make decisions regarding the event, which

392-540: A protest of the State Fair of Texas against its policy of admitting blacks only on "Negro Achievement Day." In addition, the fair once had a "Colored People's Day," " Ku Klux Klan Day" and, as recently as the 1980s, a day dedicated to the Confederacy. In the 1960s, the fair looked at market research showing that many white fairgoers were frightened by seeing black people on their way into the fair leading to an aggressive eminent domain campaign to buy nearby homes to convert

441-499: A result the site was safe for redevelopment. Developers, however, were required to clean up any contamination discovered during construction, and to implement a Health and Safety Plan. Tax Increment Financing (TIF) was used, and adopted by the city, county, and school districts, to raise public funds for public infrastructure development. The TIF generated $ 25 million and was used for road and infrastructure improvements along with filling budget gaps for public parking structures. The site

490-472: Is a mix of office, medial, recreational, housing and retail use. The site generated private investment of $ 250 million, has 5,400 employment opportunities, 400 housing units, and 1,500 jobs were created during the initial development period. Project Financing (projected) A 38,000 sq ft (3,500 m) fitness center is being considered, as well as the completion of close to 350,000 sq ft (33,000 m) of 2nd and 3rd floor office space above

539-453: Is also of a private nature. The Office of the Attorney General proceeded to sue the City of Dallas and the State Fair of Texas "for unlawfully prohibiting firearms from government-owned public property in violation of Texas law". The Dallas County District Court ruled in favor of the fair officials. The Office of the Attorney General turned to the 15th Court of Appeals, which denied the request. As

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588-508: Is played at the Cotton Bowl during the fair. In 2010, Baylor and Texas Tech played their game during the fair for the first time. During the opening weekend of the 2013 fair, Army and Louisiana Tech played in the only Heart of Dallas Classic at the Cotton Bowl; it was abandoned thereafter. The Texas State Fair Football Showdown took place on the third weekend of the 2018 and 2019 fair and featured Southern and Texas Southern . In 2020,

637-550: The American Stock Exchange . In 1968, Ling-Temco-Vought added Greatamerica Corporation, Troy Post 's holding company for Braniff International Airways and National Car Rental , and J & L Steel . In addition, it acquired resorts in Acapulco and Guerrero, Mexico , and Steamboat Springs, Colorado . By 1969, LTV had purchased 33 companies, employed 29,000 workers, and offered 15,000 separate products and services, and

686-614: The COVID-19 pandemic . It usually begins the last Friday in September and ends 24 days later. The fair claims an annual attendance of over two million visitors through ticket scanning. The State Fair of Texas is considered one of the best in America as well as Dallas' signature event despite its troubled history. The State Fair of Texas's opening day ceremonies are highlighted by the annual Friday parade rolling through downtown Dallas . In 2019,

735-737: The International Steel Group . Some of the railroad subsidiaries – Chicago Short Line Railway , Cuyahoga Valley Railway , and River Terminal Railway – went to ISG Railways , while the Ohio Central Railroad System acquired Aliquippa and Southern Railroad and Mahoning Valley Railway . The former Monongahela Connecting Railroad is now operated by the Allegheny Valley Railroad . In 2002, Lombard Metals Corp, located in Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania , purchased all

784-907: The 1984 merger of the Jones and Laughlin Steel Company subsidiary with Republic Steel Corporation , the company continued to exist primarily as a steel producer, renaming itself LTV Steel , and moved its headquarters to Cleveland, Ohio , in 1993. LTV did not leave Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection until June 28, 1993, in what was described in 1999 as one of the longest and most complicated bankruptcies in US history. In 1999, LTV acquired Pittsburgh -based Copperweld Corporation from Imétal S.A. of France. LTV Steel filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection , on December 29, 2000. The company subsequently dissolved on December 18, 2001. Its assets were acquired in February 2002 by Wilbur Ross and merged with Weirton Steel to form

833-617: The 2012 fair, the Girl Scouts of Northeast Texas added the deep-fried Samoa cookie in honor of the 100th Anniversary of Girl Scouts of the U.S. and the Girl Scout 100th Anniversary Experience at the Texas Hall of State at the fair. People travel from all around the world to attend the State Fair of Texas, including former talk show host Oprah Winfrey . The first state fair in Texas was established by

882-470: The Fair". In May 2016, the State Fair released a list of capital projects for the past 10 years, detailing how the fair had spent excess revenue. According to media reports, 90% of excess revenue was spent on projects that solely benefited the State Fair. A survey of Fair Park revealed out of the 277 acres available, 200 are covered in asphalt or concrete, compared to 10 acres of green space. In 2014, Errol McKoy,

931-682: The Mechanical and Blood Stock Association of Texas (MBSAT). The first fair convened in Houston on the north bank of Buffalo Bayou in 1870. The MBSAT hosted another state fair at the same location in 1871. Beginning in 1872, the fair moved to a new location south of Houston in an area more recently known as "Midtown," until the last state fair held by the MBSAT in 1878. After its last fair, the MBSAT declared bankruptcy, and no other organization in Houston emerged to restart

980-648: The Southern versus Texas Southern game moved to Arlington, Texas . The State Fair of Texas is the only fair in the United States to include a full auto show, dating back to 1913. However, the Texas Museum of Automotive History was forced to pull out as a tenant, blaming the fair for forcing it to close down during the annual event. The State Fair formerly featured "Birds of the World" where several birds would fly overhead. It

1029-494: The State Fair have traditionally reported that attendance at the fair runs in the vicinity each year of between 3 and 3.5 million people. These figures were disputed in an April 2016 study published by Tom Kelly, Ph.D., a professor of economics at Baylor University and the Director of Baylor University Center for Business and Economic Research, along with Bennet Hickok, an Economics student at Baylor. The Kelly/Hickok report argues that

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1078-410: The attendance at the fair is about 1.5-1.7 million visitors a year, or about half of what state fair staff reported it to be. According to the 2017 State Fair of Texas Annual Report, the Fair attracted a total of 2,250,433 attendees during the 2017 event with roughly 93,000 daily guests. The total annual reported attendance for 2018 dropped to 2,049,119 with a net operating revenue loss of $ 3,199,044 for

1127-839: The complex. A riverfront pavilion is also planned for hosting smaller concerts by touring groups as well as the local Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra . A 200-room hotel and 150 unit condo are also planned for the site. Ling-Temco-Vought Ling-Temco-Vought ( LTV ) was a large American conglomerate which existed from 1961 to 2001. At its peak, it was involved in aerospace , airlines , electronics , steel manufacturing , sporting goods , meat packing , car rentals , and pharmaceuticals , among other businesses. It began in 1947 as Ling Electric Company , later named Ling-Temco-Vought , followed by LTV Corporation and eventually LTV Steel until its end in 2001. In 1947, entrepreneur James Ling founded an electrical-contracting business, Ling Electric Company, in Dallas , Texas. He lived in

1176-459: The fair for the full season, but were not served in restaurants or allowed on the midway. Only on Negro Achievement Day were African Americans allowed full access to the fairgrounds. The Dallas Negro Chamber of Commerce, under pressure from the African American community, began to denounce the State Fair as segregated. White Dallas leaders continued to assert that the fair was not segregated. In

1225-577: The fair is in operation. Traditionally, the centerpiece of the fair has been the annual college football game between Oklahoma and Texas , nicknamed the Red River Rivalry (historically known as both the "OU-Texas Game" or "Texas-OU Game") and played in the Cotton Bowl at Fair Park. Also, the State Fair Classic , featuring Grambling State University and Prairie View A&M University ,

1274-455: The fairly unsophisticated stock research of the era, the company appeared to be growing without bound, and its share price rose. In 1964, Ling turned Ling-Temco-Vought into a holding company and established three public companies as subsidiaries , LTV Aerospace, LTV Ling Altec, and LTV Electrosystems. LTV Aerospace received assets for Vought and a large part of Temco Aircraft. LTV Ling Altec contained Altec Electronics and other properties, and

1323-427: The fall would be set aside annually for the fair and exhibition. On February 10, 1942, a fire-alarm blaze raged unchecked for an hour in the automobile building at the State Fair park causing damage estimated at several hundred thousand dollars. One fireman was hospitalized after being overcome with smoke and a half dozen others were given treatment at the scene. Roy Rupard, secretary of the State Fair association, said

1372-406: The former President of the State Fair of Texas, received $ 1.425 million in compensation. Excessive executive compensation is a constant and major complaint of the fair. On May 13, 2016, the City of Dallas Auditor, Craig Kinton, released an audit regarding Fair Park Business Partners, which included the State Fair of Texas. The audit concluded the City of Dallas had no way to ensure the State Fair

1421-402: The introduction of new unusual deep-fried items, including deep-fried Oreos , deep-fried Twinkies , deep-fried s'mores , deep-fried pork ribs, fried cheesecake; deep-fried butter, fried avocados, fried alligators, deep-fried peanut butter , jelly , and banana sandwiches, and most recently a batter-based fried Coke . New foods in 2008 included chicken fried bacon and fried banana splits. For

1470-467: The judgment against the State Fair of Texas, holding that the trial court erred in, among other things, finding that the State Fair's lawsuit was a SLAPP suit. On October 15, 2023, there was a shooting at the fair. This resulted in three injuries. The fair delayed reopening to 2:00 the next day. The suspect was caught, and was charged with three counts of aggravated assault with a deadly weapon. In August 2024, fair officials decided to ban all firearms as

1519-439: The land into parking lots. The State Fair in 1966 commissioned a report on the redevelopment of the fair, which concluded that the land around Fair Park should be 'bought up and turned into a paved, lighted, fenced parking lot" that would 'eliminate the problem from sight'. "If the poor Negroes in their shacks cannot be seen, all the guilt feelings…will disappear, or at least be removed from primary consideration". The State Fair

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1568-479: The loss was covered by insurance. Big Tex , a 55-foot (17 m) tall cowboy statue, has been its symbol since his introduction in 1952. In 1953, Big Tex's jaw was hinged, so that he appears to "speak" the announcements that promote fair events. After a fire on October 19, 2012, destroyed the original Big Tex, he was rebuilt and reintroduced for the 2013 fair. Big Tex is claimed to be the world's tallest cowboy. Its 212-foot (65 m) Texas Star Ferris wheel

1617-552: The mid-1950s, then mayor R. L. Thornton , one of the founding men of the Dallas Citizens Council who helped fundraise for the 1936 Centennial Exposition, agreed to desegregate more, but continued to assert that some restaurants and attractions remain separate. Notably, two attractions that involved physical contact, the "Laff in the Dark" and "Dodge 'em Scooter" rides, continued to be segregated. In 1955, Juanita Craft organized

1666-419: The outside inventory totaling 224,000,000 lb of steel from 58 locations throughout the country. A new office building was built at 1600 Pacific Avenue in downtown Dallas to house the operations of LTV, as well as a bank and other offices. The building opened in 1964. After LTV departed its offices there in the 1980s, the building went to other owners and various tenants before being repurposed in 2015 with

1715-515: The parade moved to Fair Park. The fair also has a nightly parade called the Starlight Parade and a nightly light show called Illumination Sensation around the park's esplanade. However, the start of the fair is largely viewed negatively by the residential, as the blight it creates is so severe that it depresses the real estate value of neighboring homes, which are already in a depressed neighborhood. In addition, nearby businesses lose money while

1764-630: The rear of the shop. After incorporating and taking the company public in 1955, Ling found innovative ways to market the stock, including selling door-to-door and from a booth at the State Fair of Texas . In 1956, Ling bought L.M. Electronics, and in 1959, added Altec Electronics , a maker of stereo systems and speakers. In 1960, Ling merged the company with Temco Aircraft , best known for its missile work. In 1961, using additional funding from insurance businessman Troy Post and Texas oil baron David Harold Byrd , they acquired Chance Vought aerospace in

1813-472: The rest went to LTV Electrosystems. The intention was to make the sum of the parts appear to be worth more than the whole. Ling used this technique to raise capital and buy more companies. Portions of LTV Electrosystems were later spun off to E-Systems , then part of Raytheon IIS, and since 2002, part of L-3 Communications -Integrated Systems (L-3/IS). In 1965, Ling added the wire and cable company Okonite . In 1967, they took over Wilson and Company , which

1862-488: The site's redevelopment. The contaminants were PCBs and Iron and Cyanide Metals. The total actual cost of remediation was $ 265 million, and the project was funded by both the private and public sector. In 1996–1997, the Urban Redevelopment Authority completed major remediation, yet continued to model and assess groundwater on the site for contamination. As of 1998, most of the assessment had concluded, and as

1911-594: The site. The Pittsburgh Steelers , of the National Football League , and the NCAA Division I University of Pittsburgh Panthers football teams both utilize the complex's cutting-edge equipment and fields as their primary training facility. On December 15, 2012 the megaplex theater on site was host to Tom Cruise , Robert Duvall , Rosamund Pike & David Oyelowo for the world premier of Jack Reacher . There were environmental concerns associated with

1960-422: The state fair in Houston. In its modern incarnation, the State Fair of Texas was charted as a private corporation by local businessmen. It was an immediate success and attracted thousands of people. However, in 1904 a series of events led to a financial crisis and not enough income was available to keep the fair running. Therefore, the businessmen sold it to the city of Dallas with the agreement that 24 days during

2009-424: The year. [1] The 2016 Kelly/Hickok study found that the State Fair generates around $ 50 million for the area economy. This is in contrast to the figure of $ 600 million in impact that the State Fair itself has traditionally reported. The State Fair has a lease with Fair Park , the terms of which require that any profit or excess revenue it generates be spent "for the development and enhancement of Fair Park and

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2058-603: Was criticized in October 2014 for spending over $ 5 million on attorneys fees to two insiders. Despite a $ 30 million investment in Summer Adventures, the event was shuttered after just one season. In August 2015, the State Fair was sanctioned more than $ 75,000 for filing a SLAPP suit against a lawyer who had requested financial documents from the State Fair. On August 2, 2016, the Dallas Court of Appeals reversed in its entirety

2107-600: Was filed that year. Eventually, the board of directors demoted James Ling in 1970, and he left the company, to be replaced by former Ling-Temco-Vought executive Paul Thayer . As part of a 1971 antitrust settlement, the company sold its Braniff and Okonite components, and Thayer changed the company name from Ling-Temco-Vought to LTV Corporation . Thayer was succeeded by former Xerox executive Raymond Hay. In July 1986, LTV Corporation filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection . With $ 6.14 billion ($ 17.1 billion today) in total assets and $ 4.59 billion in debt, it

2156-465: Was forced to shut down as a result of foreign competition, high labor costs, and a lack of modern equipment. The property was abandoned until a city/county task force revitalized the area just south of downtown, and Pittsburgh -based Oxford Development Company and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center constructed the state-of-the-art UPMC Sports Performance Complex on the most eastern boundary of

2205-436: Was one of the 40 biggest industrial corporations. Ling-Temco-Vought had a combined sales of $ 3.6 billion in 1969 ($ 29.9 billion today), but investors found that the conglomerates were not growing any faster than the individual companies had before they were bought out. Share prices plummeted, sparking a bear market , and a general feeling arose that conglomerates were to blame for the market woes. An antitrust lawsuit

2254-541: Was removed from the Fair lineup in 2014, only to return in 2019. The Texas Skyway is a gondola ride which operates during the Fair transporting visitors around the fairgrounds. There is also a BMX bike show as well as dog and pig races. For children, puppet shows, Children's Medical Center Barnyard, and Story Time also take place inside the fair. In recent years, the fair has emphasized its reputation as an event featuring unique, high-fat, foods. It has been known for years for Fletcher's brand corny dogs . Recent years have seen

2303-470: Was the largest bankruptcy in US history to that point. The company went into a series of divestitures , most notably the entire LTV Aerospace division; the aerospace component retained the legacy Vought name as the independent Vought Corporation, while the missile component later became part of Loral Corporation and later became the Lockheed Martin Missiles and Fire Control division. After

2352-788: Was the largest in North America when it debuted in October 1985, just months before the Texas Sesquicentennial . It has since been dwarfed by Ferris wheels in Las Vegas and Orlando. DART's Fair Park station and MLK Jr. station opened in 2009 to serve Fair Park and the State Fair. In addition to regular service on the Green Line , the Red Line and Blue Line also run "special event" trains to Fair Park Station for major fair events. In 2017, Foundation for Community Empowerment commissioned

2401-464: Was twice the size of Ling-Temco-Vought. Wilson was a diverse company involved in meat packing, sporting goods, and pharmaceuticals. Wilson's president Roscoe Haynie was not aware of the takeover scheme until two weeks before the takeover was complete. Ling later split Wilson into three parts (meat packing, sporting goods ( Wilson Sporting Goods ), and pharmaceuticals ( Wilson Pharmaceutical and Chemical ), and spun them off into separate companies traded on

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