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35-604: South Quay Estate is a mid-rise residential development of around 300 properties adjoining St Katharine Docks in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets . The Estate was built by the Greater London Council as a form of social housing , with the first residents moving in between 1979 and 1981. South Quay Estate includes the Burr Close, Nightingale House, St Anthony's Close and St Katharine's Way developments. Like many of

70-399: A hard shoulder , on the approach to towns and villages where the speed limit is reduced from 100 km/h to 50 or 60 km/h. This is done by reducing the width of the hard shoulder and the carriageway, various landscaping and installation of 'gateways' in order to reduce the driver's field of view and thus their speed. A gateway marks the transition from high-speed to low-speed road and may feature

105-434: A pavement , cycle lane , central island (where the road is sufficiently wide enough) or all three, and is accompanied with town/village entrance and speed limit signs as well as bollards and a lamppost in the island. An evaluation of 91 traffic calming schemes implemented between 1997 and 2002 showed that they were successful in reducing road collisions, the number of which decreased by 13%. The number of fatal collisions

140-518: A common traffic calming technique in Tokyo is to change the surface material and/or texture of the shoulder of narrow roads, which helps define the boundary between cars and pedestrians, while allowing cars to use the shoulder to pass each other after yielding to pedestrians. A Cochrane Review of studies found that there is evidence to demonstrate the efficacy of traffic calming measures in reducing traffic-related injuries and may even reduce deaths. However,

175-650: A greater tendency to yield to pedestrians. Visual traffic calming includes lane narrowings (2.7–3.0 m (9–10 ft)), road diets (reduction in lanes), use of trees next to streets, on-street parking, and buildings placed in urban fashion close to streets. Physical devices include speed humps, speed cushions and speed tables, sized for the desired speed. Such measures normally slow cars to between 16 and 40 kilometres per hour (10 and 25 mph). Most devices are made of asphalt or concrete but rubber traffic calming products are emerging as an effective alternative with several advantages. Physical traffic calming can include

210-419: A largely peaceful and secluded character, blocking most of the traffic noise from the busy East Smithfield artery to the north. Other roads are minor and subject to significant traffic calming , with Burr Close being split into two service-only cul-de-sacs and Mews Street controlled by security barriers at both ends. The combination of trees and water create a calming atmosphere and a connection to nature, while

245-430: A low-rise as "an enclosed structure below 35 metres [115 feet] which is divided into regular floor levels". The city of Toronto defines a mid-rise as a building between four and twelve stories. They also have elevators and stairs. Low-rise apartments sometimes offer more privacy and negotiability of rent and utilities than high-rise apartments, although they may have fewer amenities and less flexibility with leases. It

280-406: A preset speed threshold. One cycling expert argues for placing direct restrictions on motor-vehicle speed and acceleration performance. An EU report on promoting walking and cycling specifies as one of its top measures comprehensive camera-based speed control using mainly movable equipment at unexpected spots. The Netherlands has an estimated 1,500 speed/red-light camera installations and has set

315-685: A rate of 24% of trips being on two wheels, mainly via traffic calming and the use of 30 km/h or 20 mph zones. In 1999, the Netherlands had over 6000 woonerven where cyclists and pedestrians have legal priority over cars and where a motorised "walking speed" limit applies. However, some UK and Irish "traffic calming" schemes, particularly involving road narrowings, are viewed as extremely hostile and have been implicated directly in death and injury to cyclists and pedestrians. A number of visual changes to roads are being made to encourage more attentive driving, reduced speed, reduced crashes, and

350-543: A result, a significant proportion of the Estate's 300 apartment units were transferred into private hands during this period. This transformation from public to private housing was completed on 15 June 2007 when, through a process of enfranchisement , a group of about 200 South Quay Estate property owners purchased the freehold for the Estate from the council for £930,750. Although apartments in South Quay Estate have not seen

385-866: A single floor may also increase work productivity. This article about a building or structure type is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Traffic calming Traffic calming uses physical design and other measures to improve safety for motorists, car drivers, pedestrians and cyclists . It has become a tool to combat speeding and other unsafe behaviours of drivers. It aims to encourage safer, more responsible driving and potentially reduce traffic flow . Urban planners and traffic engineers have many strategies for traffic calming, including narrowed roads and speed humps . Such measures are common in Australia and Europe (especially Northern Europe), but less so in North America . Traffic calming

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420-505: A target for 30 km/h limits on 70% of urban roads. The UK has more than 6,000 speed cameras, which took more than £ 100 million in fines in 2006/07. Traffic calming has been successfully used for decades in cities across Europe. For example, a living street (sometimes known as home zones or by the Dutch word woonerf , as the concept originated in the Netherlands ) towards the end of

455-604: Is a calque (literal translation) of the German word Verkehrsberuhigung – the term's first published use in English was in 1985 by Carmen Hass-Klau. In its early development in the UK in the 1930s, traffic calming was based on the idea that residential areas should be protected from through-traffic. Subsequently, it became valued for its ability to improve pedestrian safety and reduce noise and air pollution from traffic. For much of

490-501: Is desirable to preserve or enhance". South Quay Estate is included in the Tower of London Conservation Area, that includes numerous Grade I, Grade II and Grade II* listed buildings. South Quay Estate dominates the south eastern-corner of St Katharine Docks bounded by Thomas More Street, Burr Close, St Katharine's Way and the privately maintained Mews Street. The nearest stations are Tower Hill ( District and Circle lines ), Tower Gateway on

525-538: Is easier to put fires out in low-rise buildings. Within the United States, due to the legal-economic and modernist perspectives, low-rises can in some cities be seen as less luxurious than high-rises, whereas within Western Europe (for historical identity and legal reasons) low-rise tends to be more attractive. Some businesses prefer low-rise buildings due to lower costs and more usable space. Having all employees on

560-635: The DLR and Wapping ( East London line ), as well as Fenchurch Street station mainline terminal, each about 10–15 minutes' walk away. South Quay Estate is also served by London bus routes 15 , 42 , 78, 100 and RV1 . The walk towards London Bridge or Tower Hill has views of landmarks such as the new City Hall , the Tower of London , Tower Bridge , and historic Tooley Street . 51°30′23″N 0°04′09″W  /  51.5064°N 0.0692°W  / 51.5064; -0.0692 Mid-rise Emporis defines

595-527: The Greater London Council (GLC) embarked upon their regeneration of the area, this bomb-damaged area was selected as the site for a social housing development - South Quay Estate. The GLC (at the time Conservative run) established the development on what was called a 'higher rent' basis. This made it almost unique and meant those applying to be the first residents had to meet certain criteria found in nearly no other type of local authority housing. These included no children, no animals, employment either within

630-511: The 1960s, initially in Delft , is a street in which the needs of car drivers are secondary to the needs of other road users; traffic calming principles are integrated into their design. From the Netherlands, the concept spread rapidly to Germany, starting in North Rhine-Westphalia in 1976, and had become very widespread by the early 1980s. The ideas and techniques also spread to the UK towards

665-567: The 20th century, streets were designed by engineers who were charged only with ensuring smooth motor vehicular traffic flow and not with fostering the other functions of streets. Traffic calming initiatives have grown to consider other design functions as well. For example, it has been shown that car traffic severely impairs the social and recreational functions of public streets. The Livable Streets study by Donald Appleyard (1981) found that residents of streets with light traffic had, on average, three more friends and twice as many acquaintances as

700-469: The Docks. Whilst reflecting their origin at the end of the modernist architectural period, the use of brick is in strong contrast to the concrete of high-rise , Brutalist architecture that typified social housing in post-war Britain, coupled with a wood-cladding effect popular in the late 1960s and 1970s. This also contrasts with the circles, triangles and pale colours of the postmodernist style that came to

735-585: The borough of Tower Hamlets or the City of London and proof of income. A chief aim appeared to be to provide a place where young City workers on lower pay could afford to live close to where they worked - presumably to resolve a specific shortage identified by City employers and politicians. The first group of residents therefore contained a particularly high proportion of what might generally be known as 'young professionals', although it also included many middle-aged and older individuals or couples. The GLC initially blocked

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770-723: The creation of traffic calming measure: capital reconstruction versus operational changes. Enforcement and education measures for traffic calming include: Speed reduction has traditionally been attempted by the introduction of statutory speed limits . Traffic speeds of 30 km/h (20 mph) and lower are said to be more desirable on urban roads with mixed traffic. The Austrian city of Graz , which has achieved steady growth in cycling, has applied 30 km/h limits to 75% its streets since 1994. Zones where speeds are set at 30 km/h (or 20 mph) are preferred by some as they are found to be effective at reducing crashes and increasing community cohesion. Speed limits which are set below

805-477: The end of the 1980s, and practice there was advocated by academics such as Tim Pharaoh and Carmen Hass-Klau. The guidelines published by Devon County Council (of which Tim Pharaoh was the principal author) in 1991 were particularly well received. In the United Kingdom, Low Traffic Neighbourhoods incorporate traffic calming and filtered permeability. In 2020, some LTNs were introduced with emergency funding from

840-456: The following engineering measures, grouped by similarity of method: Quite often residents have used a variety of homemade devices ranging from faux enforcement camera signs and even faux speed cameras and including dummy police. Some Canadian communities erect flexible bollards in the middle of the street in school zones . The bollards have a sign affixed indicating a 40 km/h speed limit. There are primarily two implementation options for

875-482: The fore from the 1980s onwards and so now seem dated compared to most later Docklands developments - such as the adjacent City Quay development of the 1990s. Most buildings are mainly set back from the street, surrounded or separated by mature trees and other planting around the Cloysters Green and Maudlins Green spaces, as well as communal courtyards linked by a network of elevated walkways. The Docks themselves have

910-597: The government, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic . A study found that people living in LTNs in Waltham Forest became less likely to own a car and were more likely to walk or cycle. School Streets are another UK scheme which involves part-time restrictions on motor vehicles during school pick up and drop off times. In Ireland, traffic calming schemes have been implemented on national roads since 1993, typically on those with

945-606: The launch of the Right to Buy Scheme under the Thatcher Government in South Quay Estate, although this changed around the demise of the GLC and ownership passing to Tower Hamlets London Borough Council . With Right to Buy, like many social housing initiatives close to the City of London, the composition of tenants in South Quay Estate therefore changed significantly during the 1980s and 1990s. As

980-468: The mix of shops and other uses are successful in creating quiet activity. Many historic dockyard features, such as bridges and cranes, have been incorporated into structures surrounding the estate and echo the Docks' industrial heritage. A Conservation Area is defined under the Civic Amenities Act 1967 as an "area of special architectural or historic interest, the character or appearance of which it

1015-523: The most effective traffic calming plans entail all three components—that engineering measures alone will not produce satisfactory results. Engineering measures involve physically altering the road layout or appearance to actively or passively reduce traffic speeds by one of several means: Measures include speed humps , chicanes , curb extensions , modal filters , and living street and shared space type schemes. The town of Hilden in Germany has achieved

1050-613: The other strategically important London Docks , St Katharine Docks were targeted by the German Luftwaffe during World War II and suffered severe damage as a result. During the "Black Saturday" raid of 7 September 1940 - officially the first day of the Blitz - the original warehouses that surrounded the Eastern Basin of the Dock were razed to the ground by German bombs. Following the war, when

1085-531: The people on streets with heavy traffic which were otherwise similar in dimensions, income, etc. Traffic engineers refer to three "E's" when discussing traffic calming: engineering , (community) education , and (police) enforcement . Because neighborhood traffic management studies have shown that residents often contribute to the perceived speeding problem within their neighborhoods, instructions on traffic calming (for example in Hass-Klau et al., 1992 ) stress that

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1120-423: The proximity to the city, and selection of top restaurants, cafes and bars in the area. South Quay Estate is designed in a modernist style, ranging from four to eight storeys, chiefly in dark red brick with a wood-clad effect at higher levels. Properties comprise single floor flats and duplex maisonettes of one, two and three-bedrooms. The character of the buildings are largely in keeping with those surrounding

1155-482: The same level of property price inflation as the luxury apartments surrounding the rest of the Marina, they have benefited from their picturesque surroundings and central location. A significant number of properties are now rented out, both mid/long-term on a residential basis and short-term for tourists and holidaymakers. There is currently a healthy demand for rental properties in the Estate driven by city workers attracted by

1190-501: The speed that most motorists perceive to be reasonable for the given road require additional measures to improve compliance. Attempts to improve speed limit observance are usually by either education, enforcement or road engineering. "Education" can mean publicity campaigns or targeted road user training. Speed limit enforcement techniques include: direct police action, automated systems such as speed cameras or vehicle activated signs or traffic lights triggered by traffic exceeding

1225-612: Was reduced by 52%. By 2017, San Francisco's Vision Zero program, which heavily features traffic calming, has reduced fatalities by 33%. A 2018 study found that traffic calming measures in Portland, Oregon reduced excessive speeds, reduced daily traffic volume by 16% and increased home prices by 1%. Various forms of traffic calming are used in Japanese cities, particularly in large cities like Tokyo and Yokohama. Tokyo's narrow streets force automobiles and pedestrians to be close to one another;

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