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29-455: The source of the South Branch is the outflow from Budd Lake , a glacial remnant located a few miles northeast of Hackettstown . The river flows out of Morris County , down the middle of Hunterdon County , and along the western edge of Somerset County . At its end, it forms the border between Branchburg and Hillsborough Townships and, upon reaching the border of Bridgewater Township, joins

58-489: A dense cover of small hairs on the bark of young branch tips, an often darker reddish-brown bark, shorter needles, smaller and rounder cones, and a preference for wetter lowland areas. Numerous differences in details of its needle and pollen morphology also exist but require careful microscopic examination to detect. From true firs, such as Abies balsamea (balsam fir), it differs in having pendulous cones, persistent woody leaf-bases, and four-angled needles, arranged all round

87-406: A natural fire ecology , perpetuates numerous successional communities. Throughout boreal North America , Betula papyrifera (paper birch) and Populus tremuloides (quaking aspen) are successional hardwoods that frequently invade burns in black spruce. Black spruce typically seeds in promptly after fire, and with the continued absence of fire, eventually dominates the hardwoods. Black spruce

116-402: A trunk 15–50 cm (6–20 in) diameter at maturity, though occasional specimens can reach 30 m (98 ft) tall and 60 cm (24 in) diameter. The bark is thin, scaly, and greyish brown. The leaves are needle-like, 6–15 mm ( 1 ⁄ 4 – 9 ⁄ 16  in) long, stiff, four-sided, dark bluish green on the upper sides, paler glaucous green below. The cones are

145-471: Is a dwarf form which has gained the Royal Horticultural Society 's Award of Garden Merit . Picea mariana is known to hybridize with Serbian spruce, Picea omorika . The hybrid is Picea machala , and hybrids with Sitka spruce are known as well. Black spruce is the provincial tree of Newfoundland and Labrador . The timber is of low value due to the small size of the trees, but it

174-724: Is a pioneer that invades the sphagnum mat in filled-lake bogs, though often preceded slightly by Larix laricina (tamarack). Black spruce frequently out-competes shade-intolerant tamarack in the course of bog succession. However, as the peat soil is gradually elevated by the accumulation of organic matter, and the fertility of the site improves, balsam fir and northern white cedar ( Thuja occidentalis ) eventually replace black spruce and tamarack. On drier sites following fires, black spruce can take over stands of faster growing jack pine ( Pinus banksiana ) by virtue of its ability to grow in partially shaded conditions which inhibit pine seedlings. But black spruce seedlings are themselves intolerant to

203-406: Is tolerant of nutrient-poor soils, and is commonly found on poorly drained acidic peatlands . It is considered a climax species over most of its range; however, some ecologists question whether black spruce forests truly attain climax because fires usually occur at 50 to 150 year intervals, while "stable" conditions may not be attained for several hundred years. The frequent fire return interval,

232-540: The Great Lakes region it is most abundant in peat bogs and swamps, also on transitional sites between peatlands and uplands. In these areas it is rare on uplands, except in isolated areas of northern Minnesota and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan . Most stands are even-aged due to frequent fire intervals in black spruce forests. It commonly grows in pure stands on organic soils and in mixed stands on mineral soils. It

261-573: The North Branch Raritan River to form the Raritan River , which generally flows eastward from that point. This area where the branches converge was called "Tucca-Ramma-Hacking" by the Lenape meaning the flowing together of water. It was called "Two Bridges" by the early European settlers, after a set of bridges built in 1733 that met at a small island (the island has washed away over time) on

290-515: The black spruce , is a North American species of spruce tree in the pine family . It is widespread across Canada , found in all 10 provinces and all 3 territories . It is the official tree of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador and is that province's most numerous tree. The range of the black spruce extends into northern parts of the United States : in Alaska , the Great Lakes region , and

319-486: The CDP's population was 9,784, its highest decennial census count ever and an increase of 816 (+9.1%) from the 8,968 enumerated at the 2010 census , which in turn reflected an increase of 868 (+10.7%) from the 8,100 counted in the 2000 census . Budd Lake was named for John Budd. Prior to that, it was called Hattacawanna Lake. Budd Lake is in western Morris County, in central Mount Olive Township. U.S. Route 46 passes through

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348-497: The CDP. The population density was 1,647.5 people per square mile (636.1 people/km ). There were 3,423 housing units at an average density of 628.8 units per square mile (242.8 units/km ). The racial makeup was 80.88% (7,253) White , 6.39% (573) Black or African American , 0.16% (14) Native American , 7.71% (691) Asian , 0.09% (8) Pacific Islander , 2.39% (214) from other races , and 2.40% (215) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13.08% (1,173) of

377-401: The CDP. The population density was 534.6 people/km (1,385 people/sq mi). There were 2,994 housing units at an average density of 197.6 units/km (512 units/sq mi). The racial makeup of the CDP was 87.11% White , 3.54% African American , 0.07% Native American , 5.80% Asian , 1.47% from other races , and 2.00% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.62% of

406-673: The North Branch. Today the area is generally referred to as "The Confluence". In the 1970s, the state discussed plans for a Raritan Confluence Reservoir, which have been shelved due to acquisition costs. The river’s local grassroots organization is the South Branch Watershed Association . Their mission is to “Protect the Water Resources of the South Branch of the Raritan River and its Watershed”. Established in 1959,

435-618: The South Branch Watershed Association is one of the oldest and largest watershed associations in New Jersey, covering 276 square miles, 3 counties and 25 municipalities. The group offers homeowner well testing, environmental education, river monitoring, annual river cleanup and stream restoration. Both North and South branches of the Raritan run nearly parallel southwards, east and west of one another, but receive their names from

464-401: The average family size was 3.25. In the CDP the population was spread out, with 28.7% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 37.5% from 25 to 44, 21.2% from 45 to 64, and 5.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.5 males. The median income for a household in the CDP

493-499: The community is named after, is the source of the South Branch Raritan River . A glacial lake at an elevation of 933 feet (284 m), Budd Lake has a surface area of 374 acres (1.51 km ). It is 7 to 12 feet (2.1 to 3.7 m) deep and can have large algal blooms. The adjacent bog , created by thousands of years of decaying plant material, supports wetland plants such as black spruce and tamarack , which grow on

522-666: The community, leading northeast 3 miles (5 km) to Netcong and southwest 5 miles (8 km) to Hackettstown . Interstate 80 passes just north of the community. New York City is 46 miles (74 km) to the east via I-80, and the Delaware Water Gap is 25 miles (40 km) to the west. According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the Budd Lake CDP has a total area of 6.424 square miles (16.64 km ), including 5.444 square miles (14.10 km ) of land and 0.980 square miles (2.54 km ) of water (15.26%). Budd Lake , which

551-548: The direction each one flows from at their confluence. 40°40′40″N 74°52′44″W  /  40.677829°N 74.878812°W  / 40.677829; -74.878812 Budd Lake (New Jersey) Budd Lake is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located within Mount Olive Township , in Morris County , in the U.S. state of New Jersey . As of the 2020 United States census ,

580-486: The edges toward the centre. The roots are shallow and wide spreading, resulting in susceptibility to windthrow . In the northern part of its range, ice pruned asymmetric black spruce are often seen with diminished foliage on the windward side. Tilted trees colloquially called " drunken trees " are associated with thawing of permafrost . In the southern portion of its range it is found primarily on wet organic soils, but farther north its abundance on uplands increases. In

609-504: The floating mass. The lake is recharged through groundwater seepage through a series of wetlands, and serves as the headwaters of the Raritan River's South Branch. It is closely bordered by U.S. Route 46 to the south and Sand Shore Road to the east. Budd Lake was named for John Budd, who acquired 1,300 acres (530 ha) of land in the area in 1714. Prior to that, it was called Hattacawanna Lake. The 2010 United States census counted 8,968 people, 3,232 households, and 2,385 families in

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638-598: The low light and low moisture conditions under mature spruce stands. Balsam fir and northern white cedar, both more understory-tolerant species with deeper taproots, survive and eventually succeed the spruce in the absence of fire. The spruce budworm , a moth larva, causes defoliation, which kills trees if it occurs several years in a row, though black spruce is less susceptible than white spruce or balsam fir. Trees most at risk are those growing with balsam fir and white spruce. Numerous cultivars have been selected for use in parks and gardens. The cultivar P. mariana 'Nana'

667-411: The population were under the age of 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 29.1% from 25 to 44, 28.7% from 45 to 64, and 7.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37.6 years. For every 100 females, the population had 100.6 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 95.0 males. As of the 2000 United States Census there were 8,100 people, 2,851 households, and 2,169 families living in

696-418: The population. Of the 3,232 households, 39.6% had children under the age of 18; 59.0% were married couples living together; 10.2% had a female householder with no husband present and 26.2% were non-families. Of all households, 20.9% were made up of individuals and 4.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.77 and the average family size was 3.24. 26.4% of

725-408: The population. There were 2,851 households, out of which 43.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.7% were married couples living together, 9.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.9% were non-families. 18.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.83 and

754-495: The shoots. Due to the large difference between heartwood and sapwood moisture content, it is easy to distinguish these two wood characteristics in ultrasound images, which are widely used as a nondestructive technique to assess the internal condition of the tree and avoid useless log breakdown. Older taxonomic synonyms include A. mariana , P. brevifolia , or P. nigra . Growth varies with site quality. In swamp and muskeg it shows progressively slower growth rates from

783-523: The smallest of all of the spruces, 1.5–4 cm ( 1 ⁄ 2 – 1 + 1 ⁄ 2  in) long and 1–2 cm ( 1 ⁄ 2 – 3 ⁄ 4  in) broad, spindle-shaped to nearly round, dark purple ripening red-brown, produced in dense clusters in the upper crown, opening at maturity but persisting for several years. Natural hybridization occurs regularly with the closely related P. rubens (red spruce), and very rarely with P. glauca (white spruce). It differs from P. glauca in having

812-544: The upper Northeast . It is a frequent part of the biome known as taiga or boreal forest. The Latin specific epithet mariana means "of the Virgin Mary". P. mariana is a slow-growing, small upright evergreen coniferous tree (rarely a shrub ), having a straight trunk with little taper, a scruffy habit, and a narrow, pointed crown of short, compact, drooping branches with upturned tips. Through much of its range it averages 5–15 m (15–50 ft) tall with

841-579: Was $ 62,540, and the median income for a family was $ 70,585. Males had a median income of $ 44,631 versus $ 35,316 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $ 24,581. About 1.9% of families and 3.3% of the population were below the poverty line , including 2.4% of those under age 18 and 3.9% of those age 65 or over. NJ Transit offers local bus service on the MCM5 route. People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Budd Lake include: Black spruce Picea mariana ,

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