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23-568: The race was founded in 1988 by noted Fairbanks skier Bob Baker . The name of the race is based on a Koyukon word which translates roughly as 'sliding around in early spring' and was used by Native people to describe the motion of cross-country skiers. This race has been virtual since 2020. Both the 20 km and 50 km events begin and end on the Chena River above the Cushman Street bridge in downtown Fairbanks. The course then proceeds up

46-482: A female householder with no husband present, and 23.2% were non-families. 21.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.33 and the average family size was 3.83. In the village the age distribution of the population shows 37.0% under the age of 18, 12.2% from 18 to 24, 27.4% from 25 to 44, 15.7% from 45 to 64, and 7.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age

69-546: A more traditional way. The use of the word, "Dictionary", in the title is perhaps misleading; the book is more similar to an encyclopedia, as it also is a record of the culture and traditions of the Koyukon people. The book includes traditional stories recorded by Catherine Attla and published in 1983 by the University of Alaska Fairbanks. As of 1978 there were three Koyukon Language dialects (Lower, Central and Upper). Lower Koyukon

92-523: Is a city and village in Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area, Alaska , United States. At the 2010 census the population was 190, down from 230 in 2000. Kaltag was a Koyokon Athabascan area used as a cemetery for surrounding villages. It is located on an old portage trail which led west through the mountains to Unalakleet . The Athabascans had seasonal camps in the area and moved as the wild game migrated. There were 12 summer fish camps located on

115-445: Is water. The climate is transitional between the coast and interior. Kaltag first reported on the 1880 U.S. Census as an unincorporated Tinneh village. The census of 1890 combined Anvik and Kaltag under Anvik (with a combined population of 191). It did not appear again on the census separately until 1910. It formally incorporated in 1969. As of the census of 2000, there were 230 people, 69 households, and 52 families residing in

138-455: The University of Alaska Fairbanks . The Koyukon Athabaskan Dictionary is unusually comprehensive in terms of documentation of an American indigenous language, in part because Jetté's notes were of excellent quality and depth. In addition, he wrote about the language and culture nearly a century ago, when the language was far more widely spoken in daily life and the Koyukon people were living in

161-681: The Yukon River between the Koyukuk River and the Nowitna River . Kaltag was named by Russians for a Koyokon man named Kaltaga. There was a smallpox epidemic in 1839 that killed a large part of the population of the area. After the Alaska Purchase , a United States military telegraph line was constructed along the north side of the Yukon River. A trading post opened around 1880, just before

184-448: The gold rush of 1884–85. Steamboats on the Yukon, which supplied gold prospectors ran before and after 1900 with 46 boats in operation on the river in the peak year of 1900. A measles epidemic and food shortages during 1900 reduced the population of the area by one-third. The village Kaltag was established after the epidemic when survivors from three nearby villages moved to the area. There

207-419: The 1960s. Kaltag has a week long Stick Dance (memorial Potlatch) every two years that draws visitors from many neighboring villages. This Potlatch is sponsored by relatives of the recently deceased, in appreciation of those who helped during their time of mourning. Much of the economy around Kaltag is based on subsistence hunting and fishing. Salmon, whitefish, moose, bear, waterfowl and berries are elements of

230-496: The Birch Hill Recreation Area, beginning and ending in the stadium area. In these cases the race is usually shortened to compensate for the addition of steeper terrain. In years of low snowfall when it is not possible to easily connect between the river and the alpine ski area, the race may be held entirely on the river. In this the 20 km course remains unchanged, but the 50 km course proceeds slightly further up

253-566: The Chena River, entering Fort Wainwright army post and continuing as far as the Birch Hill Ski & Snowboard Area. At that point the 20 km race turns around and returns via the same course back to the start/finish area. The 50 km course proceeds up the Birch Hill alpine ski hill to connect with the trails system at the Birch Hill Recreation Area. From there the course follows all of

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276-566: The Koyukon people, their culture and beliefs, and their language. Eliza Jones, a Koyukon, came across these manuscripts while studying, and later working, at the University of Alaska in the early 1970s. Working from Jetté's notes and in consultation with Koyukon tribal elders, Jones wrote the Koyukon Athabaskan Dictionary. It was edited by James Kari and published in 2000 by the Alaska Native Language Center at

299-468: The alpine ski hill, the Sonot Connector trail climbs through the forest to the east of the ski hill, starting from the top of the rope tow and making two long switchbacks. Adjustments to the course are sometimes made due to weather or snow conditions. When it is not possible to hold the race on river, either due to ice conditions or cold temperatures, the race may be held entirely on the trail system at

322-444: The end of class, I demonstrated how MP3 sound files can be imported into iTunes then synced with iPads or iPods . The students demonstrated these to their parents and grandparents. The children's show Molly of Denali features the Koyukon language. Sounds are given in IPA with the orthographic equivalent in angled brackets: Plosives and affricates, other than the labial b and

345-594: The glottal   ' , distinguish plain, aspirated and ejective forms. Other consonants include labial and alveolar nasals ; alveolar, velar and glottal fricatives ; and alveolar and palatal approximants . Again other than the labial m and the glottal h , these distinguish forms with and without voice . There are four full vowels in Koyukon: And there are three reduced vowels: Kaltag Kaltag (KAL-tag) ( Russian : Калтаг ; Koyukon : Ggaał Doh [qæːɬ toh] ; Inupiaq : Qałtaq )

368-525: The language had approximately 300 speakers, who were generally older adults and bilingual in English . The total Koyukon ethnic population was 2,300. Jules Jetté , a French Canadian Jesuit missionary , began recording the language and culture of the Koyukon people in 1898. Considered a fluent Koyukon speaker after spending years in the region, Jetté died in 1927. He had made a significant quantity of notes on

391-499: The river before turning around at 12.5 km, returning to the start, and then doing another lap of the same course along the river. Koyukon language Koyukon (also called Denaakk'e ) is the geographically most widespread Athabascan language spoken in Alaska . The Athabaskan language is spoken along the Koyukuk and the middle Yukon Rivers in western interior Alaska. In 2007,

414-420: The subsistence economy. Kaltag is located at 64°19′31″N 158°43′37″W  /  64.32528°N 158.72694°W  / 64.32528; -158.72694 (64.325145, -158.727030) and is on the west bank of the Yukon River , 120 km (75 mi) west of Galena of 27.4 square miles (71 km ), of which, 23.3 square miles (60 km ) of it is land and 4.1 square miles (11 km ) of it (14.97%)

437-429: The trails in the Birch Hill system (excepting the classic-only trails) in a counter-clockwise direction. After approximately 27 km the course again returns to the top of the alpine ski hill and proceeds back to the river and to the start/finish area by the same route. In 2012 the 50 km race will make use of a new trail constructed to gain access to the Birch Hill Recreation Area. Rather than climbing directly up

460-431: The village. The population density was 9.9 inhabitants per square mile (3.8/km ). There were 78 housing units at an average density of 3.3 per square mile (1.3/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 12.61% White , 84.35% Native American , and 3.04% from two or more races. There were 69 households, out of which 49.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.1% were married couples living together, 18.8% had

483-417: Was 25 years. For every 100 females, there were 132.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 126.6 males. The median income for a household in the village was $ 29,167, and the median income for a family was $ 25,625. Males had a median income of $ 20,938 versus $ 48,750 for females. The per capita income for the village was $ 9,361. About 29.8% of families and 33.9% of the population were below

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506-450: Was a minor gold rush in the area in the 1880s. In 1906, gold seekers left for Fairbanks or Nome ; however, the Galena lead mines began operating in 1919. Kaltag was downriver from the mines and grew as a point on the transportation route for the mines. It declined in the 1940s as mining declined. The old cemetery caved into the river around 1937. An airport and clinic were constructed during

529-674: Was spoken in Kaltag and Nulato ; Central Koyukon was spoken on the Yukon River in the villages of Galena , Ruby , Koyukuk and part of Tanana , and on the Koyukuk River in the villages of Huslia , Hughes , and Allakaket ; Upper Koyukon was spoken at Stevens Village , Rampart , and part of Tanana . In 2012, Susan Pavskan reported: On Thursday evenings Denaakk'e (Koyukon Athabascan) classes are held at Yukon-Koyukuk School District offices in Fairbanks and Huslia . About 18 people from four generations attended Thursday over video-conference. At

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