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Someș County

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Someș County is one of the historic counties of Transylvania , Romania . The county seat was Dej .

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45-502: In 1938, the county was disestablished and incorporated into the newly formed Ținutul Crișuri , but it was re-established in 1940 after the fall of King Carol II 's regime, only to be abolished 10 years later by the Communist regime . Someș County covered 3,965 km (1,531 sq mi) and was located in Transylvania . The territory that comprised Someș County is now located in

90-565: A plebiscite (i.e. referendum) in 1864, perfected and enlarged the principle of national representation. Under the political regime established by the Paris Convention, the legislative power faced an obvious process of modernization, and the legislative power as National Representation, which operated in accordance with the organization and operation mode of parliaments in Western Europe at that time. The historical process of formation of

135-495: A decade of post-communist transition, the Chamber of Deputies and Senate debated and adopted numerous laws and regulations aimed at reforming the entire society on a democratic basis, guaranteeing respect of fundamental human rights, promoting reform and privatization , consolidating free market economic institutions and those of a state ruled by law, which led to Romania's integration into such notable international institutions as

180-407: A law proposal (relating to its competences), it is passed on to the other one, which can approve or reject. If it makes amendments, the bill is sent back to the deciding chamber, the decision of which is final. In 2009, a referendum was held to consult the population about turning the parliament into a unicameral body and reducing the number of representatives to 300. Although the referendum passed,

225-480: A mother tongue in the urban area Romanian predominated (41.4%), followed by Hungarian (36.8%), Yiddish (18.3%), German (1.0%) and others. From the religious point of view, the population was made up of Greek Catholics (33.2%), followed by Reformed (22.6%), Jews (20.2%), Roman Catholics (11.9%), Eastern Orthodox (8.6%), Armenian-Catholic (2.3%), and other smaller denominations. King of Romania The King of Romania ( Romanian : Regele României ) or King of

270-586: A parliamentary vote. Parliament was initially suspended and reinstated only later, in 1946. Michael I was crowned and anointed by the Orthodox Patriarch , Nicodim Munteanu , in the Patriarchal Cathedral of Bucharest , on the day of his second accession, 6 September 1940. However, legally, Michael I could not exercise much authority besides some prerogatives such as being the Supreme Head of

315-554: A referendum to restore the monarchy, with around half the population (in early 2018) believing monarchy to be a better organisational form than a republic. This is a graphical lifespan timeline of Kings, Heirs and Claimants to the Romanian throne . The kings, the heirs and the claimants are listed in chronological order. Parliament of Romania Opposition (51) Supported by (17) Opposition (125) The Parliament of Romania ( Romanian : Parlamentul României )

360-515: A rule of authoritarian monarchy. Under the royal dictatorship, the parliament became merely a decorative body, deprived of its main attributes. Carol II abdicated in September 1940, and the succeeding National Legionary State suspended the parliament. The National Legionary State as such lasted less than five months, but it was succeeded by Ion Antonescu 's military dictatorship, and the parliament still remained suspended. After 23 August 1944, under

405-461: Is shown by: Prior to the modifications of the Constitution in 2003, the two houses had identical attributes. A text of a law had to be approved by both houses. If the text differed, a special commission ( comisie de mediere ) was formed by deputies and senators, that "negotiated" between the two houses the form of the future law. The report of this commission had to be approved in a joint session of

450-653: Is the national bicameral legislature of Romania , consisting of the Chamber of Deputies ( Camera Deputaților ) and the Senate ( Senat ). It meets at the Palace of the Parliament in Bucharest , the capital. Prior to the modification of the Constitution in 2003, the two houses had identical attributes. A text of a law had to be approved by both houses. If the text differed, a special commission ( Romanian : comisie de mediere )

495-601: The Army and designating a plenipotentiary prime minister Conducător ("Leader"). On 23 August 1944, with the Soviet Army already deep inside Romania's territory , Michael I deposed the German -allied dictator Ion Antonescu at the urging of the opposition parties and aligned the country with the Allies . Helped by the presence of Soviet forces, communists gradually took control of

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540-586: The Bistrița-Năsăud , Maramureș , Cluj , and Sălaj counties. It neighbored Satu Mare and Maramureș counties to the north, Năsăud County to the east, Cluj County to the south, and Sălaj County to the west. Prior to World War I , the territory of the county belonged to Austria-Hungary , identical with the Szolnok-Doboka County of Hungary. During the Hungarian–Romanian War of 1918–1919

585-400: The Chamber of Deputies and of the Senate are elected for the entire duration of that house's term. Under special circumstances the presidents of the houses can be revoked. The political stance of the presidents of the assembly prior to the development of a modern party system is shown by: The political stance of the presidents of the assembly after the development of a modern party system

630-715: The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 2004 and the European Union (EU) three years later in 2007. Last election of the President of the Chamber of Deputies: November 2021 The 1866 , 1923 , and 1938 Constitution of Romania state that the assembly presidents are elected at the beginning of each session. This tradition was kept in the early years of the People's Republic. In modern times, both presidents of

675-505: The Ottoman Empire was recognized in 1878 by the Treaty of Berlin . In an expression of full sovereignty , the principality was elevated to a kingdom in 1881, with Carol I becoming King of Romania. Carol I died in 1914, and was succeeded by his nephew, Ferdinand I . In 1927, Ferdinand I died, and the country was left in the care of a regency headed by Prince Nicholas of Romania , during

720-448: The Ottoman Empire . Alexander I became domnitor (ruling prince) after the official unification of the two formerly separate states, being elected prince of both states in 1859. He was deposed in 1866 by a broad coalition of the main political parties, after which parliament offered the throne to Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen who subsequently became the new "Domnitor of Romania" (as Carol I ). Romania's independence from

765-777: The Senate (14) : – Committee for Economic Policy, Reform, and Privatization; – Committee for Budget, Finance, and, Banks, Committee for Industries and Services, Committee for Agriculture, Forestry, Food Industry and Specific Services; – Committee for Human Rights, Cults and National Minorities Issues; – Committee for Public Administration Territorial Planning and Ecological Balance; – Committee for Labour and Social Protection, Committee for Health and Family; – Committee for Education, Science, Youth, and Sport; – Committee for Culture, Arts, Mass Information Means; – Committee for Legal Matters, Discipline, and Immunities; – Committee for Defense Public Order, and National Security; – Committee for Foreign Policy; – Committee for

810-476: The Senate as the upper house and the Chamber as the lower house . Committees of the Chamber of Deputies (15): – The committee for legal affairs, appointments, discipline, immunities and validations; – Committee on Budget, finance, banking and capital market; – The commission for economy, industry and services; – Committee on Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Development; – The Committee on Foreign Affairs; – Committee on public administration,

855-479: The Treaty of Trianon (4 June 1920) were read, the formal beginning of Greater Romania , the enlarged interwar Kingdom of Romania (which also included the entire historical region of Bukovina as per the Treaty of Saint-German-en-Laye from 1919). In February 1938, amid the rather chaotic European political atmosphere which eventually led to World War II , King Carol II , who always tended to favour his own personal rule over parliamentary democracy , imposed

900-469: The separation of powers and the rulers' responsibility before representative bodies. Thanks to the documents issued by the provisional revolutionary power , Romania returned to a bicameral parliamentary system, represented politically as such both by the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. All these stipulations can be found in the country's new Constitution , approved by referendum in 1991. During more than

945-600: The Chamber of Deputies and the Senate for the exercise of parliamentary control over the activity of the Romanian Intelligent Service; – The Joint Standing Committee of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate for the exercise of parliamentary control over the activity of the Foreign Intelligent Service; – The Parliamentary Committee for the control of the implementation of the Law no.42/1990 for honoring

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990-458: The Chamber of Deputies and the Senate regarding the Bordei Park; – The parliamentary inquiry committee for investigations and clarifying the spending way of the money obtained as a 2% quota from the privatization value, destined to the building of social housing, as established by the article 44, 2nd paragraph of the Law 10/2001 regarding the judiciary regime of the buildings abusively acquired by

1035-612: The European Parliament; – The Joint Special Standing Committee of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate for the control of the budget execution of the Court of Accounts during the year 2003; – The Joint Special Standing Committee of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate for establishing the antenna times for the election of the Romanian Members of the European Parliament; – The Joint Special Standing Committee of Parliament for

1080-460: The Investigation of Abuses, Corrupt Practices, and for Petitions; – Committee for Standing Orders; – Committee for information technologies and communications; – Committee on Equal Opportunities for Women and Men. Joint committees  : Standing committees : – The Committee on European Affairs; – The former Committee for European Integration; – The Joint Standing Committee of

1125-567: The Parliament of Romania in the modern age strongly boosted the affirmation of national sovereignty , subsequently leading to the Union of the two Romanian Principalities (i.e. Wallachia and Moldavia) in 1859. Under the dome of the Romanian Parliament, on 9 May 1877, the Declaration of Independence of Romania was read, and, in 1920, the documents of union with Transylvania and Bessarabia under

1170-471: The Parliament. This French procedure proved to be extremely long and inefficient with respect to the expectations of the Romanians towards democracy. After the 2003 referendum , a law still has to be approved by both houses, but in some matters one is "superior" to the other, being called "decision chamber" ( "cameră decizională" ). This eliminates the process of "negotiation" between the two houses, and keeps

1215-693: The Romanians (Romanian: Regele Românilor ) was the title of the monarch of the Kingdom of Romania from 1881 until 1947, when the Romanian Workers' Party proclaimed the Romanian People's Republic following Michael I 's forced abdication . The state had been internationally recognized as a principality since 1862, after the creation of the United Principalities , a personal union between Moldavia and Wallachia , at that time vassal states of

1260-410: The Senate for the relation with UNESCO. Special committees : – The Joint Standing Committee of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate for the elaboration of the legislative proposal regarding the election of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, of the President of Romania, of the authorities of the public local administration, financing of the elections campaign, and the election of the members of

1305-476: The administration. On 30 December 1947, King Michael I was forced to sign his abdication. The same day, Parliament proclaimed the country a people's republic. The young former king and former queen mother Elena were forced to leave Romania on January 3, 1948, in the royal train, at the request of the communist-dominated government . Royal properties were nationalized later that year. After the Revolution of 1989 ,

1350-546: The antenna times for the national referendum regarding the introduction of the uninominal election of the members of the Parliament of Romania. Inquiry committees : – The parliamentary inquiry committee for investigations and clarifying the status of the bank accounts of Nicolae Ceaușescu; – The parliamentary inquiry committee for investigations and clarifying the activity of ICE Dunărea; – The parliamentary inquiry committee for investigations regarding interception of communications; – The parliamentary inquiry committee of

1395-408: The area passed under Romanian administration. The territory was transferred to the Kingdom of Romania from the Kingdom of Hungary in 1920, under the Treaty of Trianon . The Romanian name of the county became Someș-Dăbâca County. After the administrative unification law in 1925, the county was renamed to Someș County, and its territory was reorganized. In 1940, it was transferred back to Hungary with

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1440-452: The former king visited Romania to an enthusiastic reception in the streets of Bucharest ; the royal estates and properties in Romania were restored. However, the country preserved its republican character. The former king was respected and recognized by the Parliament. His grandson regularly visits different organisations in Romania. Princess Margareta and her husband bestow royal orders in

1485-565: The martyr heroes and granting rights to their successors, to the persons wounded in, and to the fighters for the victory of the Revolution of December 1990; – The Joint Standing Committee of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate for the statute of the Senator and Deputy, and organizing and functioning of the joint sessions of the Chambers; – The Joint Standing Committee of the Chamber of Deputies and

1530-456: The name of the former king for selected Romanians. The royal house is still popular and in 2014 Prime Minister Victor Ponta promised a referendum on whether or not to reinstate the monarchy if he were re-elected. A square was named in honour of the ex-king in 2012. Following the death of the former king in 2017, and the largely positive reaction of the crowds to the royal family at his funeral, Romanian politicians have discussed whether to hold

1575-675: The pressure of Soviet and other communist forces, the parliament was re-organized as a single legislative body , the Assembly of Deputies , changed under the 1948 constitution, into the Great National Assembly , a merely formal body, totally subordinate to the power of the Romanian Communist Party (PCR). The Romanian Revolution of December 1989 opened the road for Romanians to restore authentic pluralistic representative democracy , respecting human rights , and observing

1620-440: The reign of Ferdinand's young grandson, Michael I (who was only six years old at the time), his father ( Carol II ) having renounced his rights to the throne in 1925. Carol II, unlike Carol I, in the beginning had no desire to rule Romania, and was frequently out of the country exploring the rest of Europe with his mistress. Michael's first reign would be short lived at only three years, until his father Carol II came back to contest

1665-590: The rest of Northern Transylvania under the Second Vienna Award . Beginning in 1944, Romanian forces with Soviet assistance recaptured the territory and re-established jurisdiction in 1945. The transfer of the county per the Treaty of Trianon was reaffirmed in the Paris Peace Treaties, 1947 . The county was finally disestablished by the communist government of Romania in 1950 . Administratively, Someș County

1710-556: The results are not binding, a referendum explicitly mentioning the modification of the constitution being required to achieve this. The parliamentary history of Romania starts in May 1831 in Wallachia , where a constitutional document was adopted, more specifically Regulamentul Organic ("The Organic Statute" or "The Organic Regulation"); less than a year later, in January 1832, this same statute

1755-426: The state in the period 6 March 1945 – 22 December 1989, republished. The figures in the table below denote only the seats in the Chamber of Deputies : The figures in the table below denote only the seats in the Chamber of Deputies : The figures in the table below denote only the seats in the Chamber of Deputies : The figures in the table below denote only the seats in the Chamber of Deputies : The figures in

1800-570: The territory and environmental protection; – The commission for defense, public order and national security; – Commission for work, family and social protection; – Committee for Education, Science, Youth and Sports; – Committee on Public Health; – Committee for culture, art and media information in the table; – Commission on Human Rights, religious and minority; – The Committee on Equal Opportunities; – Commission for privatization and management of state assets; – Committee on research abuses, corruption and petitions. Committees of

1845-481: The title at the behest of a dissatisfied political faction that staged a sudden ' coup d'état ' (in spite of the fact that only a few years earlier he had renounced in official documents, written and signed in front of his own father, all his future claims to the throne of Romania). After a ten-year rule, Carol II was forced to give up his crown in the wake of an outcry over the Second Vienna Award , which forced Romania to surrender northern Transylvania to Hungary. After

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1890-600: The war, he married his longtime mistress, Elena Lupescu . The couple ultimately settled in Portugal, and the "playboy king" never returned to Romania. The kingdom of Romania was a constitutional monarchy for most of its existence with the exception of 1938–1944, during the dictatorships of Carol II (1938–1940) and Ion Antonescu (1940–1944). On 23 August 1944, Michael I restored the last democratic royal Constitution of 1923 . However, during his second reign (1940–1947), Michael I reigned mostly as an extraconstitutional king, without

1935-585: Was divided originally into six districts ( plăși ): Later, a seventh district was added: According to the 1930 census, the county counted 219,335 inhabitants, of which 77.5% were Romanians, 15.4% Hungarians, and 4.8% Jews, and other smaller minorities. From a religious point of view, the population was mostly Greek Catholics (63.5%), followed by Eastern Orthodox (15.0%), Reformed (12.8%), Roman Catholics (3.2%), and other smaller minorities. The urban population consisted of 41.3% Romanians, 33.0% Hungarians, 20.1% Jews, 1.7% Armenians, and other smaller minorities. As

1980-449: Was formed by deputies and senators, that "negotiated" between the two houses the form of the future law. The report of this commission had to be approved in a joint session of the Parliament. After the 2003 referendum , a law still has to be approved by both houses, but each house has designated matters it gets to deliberate before the other, in capacity of "deciding chamber" ( Romanian : cameră decizională ). If that first chamber adopts

2025-576: Was implemented in Moldavia as well. The organic regulation laid the foundations for the parliamentary institution in the Romanian Principalities . The Paris Convention of 19 August 1858 and, especially, Statutul Dezvoltător ("The Expanding Statute") of that convention (which introduced a bicameral parliament, by founding Corpul Ponderator , later renamed Senat ), adopted on the initiative of prince ( Domnitor ) Alexandru Ioan Cuza , by means of

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