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42-604: Geronimo is a French trimaran designed to break great offshore records. It was skippered by the French yachtsman Olivier de Kersauson . It was launched on Saturday 29 September 2001 in Brest, France by Marie Tabarly. In January 2003, skipper Kersauson said that the Geronimo was attacked by a giant squid during an attempt to win the Jules Verne Trophy . In February 2013, the Geronimo

84-541: A Lodestar bare hull, completed it with a flush deck, and entered the Observer Single-handed Trans-Atlantic Race. After ten days, he was ahead of Eric Tabarly when he struck some flotsam and broke his daggerboard and rudder. He returned to England for replacements, restarted and still finished in a respectable time. People who met Piver say he was a social man who enjoyed being the center of attention in his circle of boating friends and felt that

126-473: A Lodestar on his backyard farm and sailed it around the world with no prior sailing experience. He survived massive storms and even being hit by a ship. He wrote a book about the voyage titled Queequeg's Odyssey . A well built Piver, while not as "modern" as new tris, will still hold their own and are quite suitable for cruising, especially when modified with a Norm Cross design "fin keel and large area spade rudder". Piver's collected papers are preserved at

168-455: A company called Pi-Craft . He thought anyone could build one of his boats even if they had no experience. In 1962, Piver built himself a 35-foot ketch-rigged trimaran named Lodestar and sailed it around the Pacific Ocean via New Zealand. In England, Cox Marine started building his boats and found a ready market, often with Americans who would sail them home. In 1964, Derek Kelsall bought

210-409: A crew of five in the maxi trimaran IDEC SPORT set the absolute (wind or mechanically powered) time for the fastest maritime circumnavigation, in 40 days 23 hours 30 minutes 30 seconds of sailing between Dec 2016 and Jan 2017. Their average speed was 26.85 knots (30.71 MPH) over a total distance of 26,412 nautical miles (48,915 kilometres; 30,394 miles). In early 2020, the same boat won a race retracing

252-648: A long-distance race with his prototype the 42 foot Toria . In 1969, the Golden Globe solo non-stop round-the-world race was announced. Nigel Tetley was sailing a full-cabin version of the 40-foot, Piver Victress trimaran. He became the first sailor to sail a trimaran around the world by crossing his tracks in the Atlantic Ocean while competing in the Golden Globe race. In his book Trimaran Solo , Tetley admitted that he never built his Victress strong enough to survive

294-444: A normal monohull space in a marina . Several mechanisms allow the amas or outriggers to be stored compactly: Trimaran safety features include amas with multiple sealed partitions, controls that all run to the cockpit , a collision bulkhead , partial or full cockpit coverings or windshields, and drain holes in the cockpit that can adequately drain the cockpit quickly, among other things. Trimaran capsizes are more likely to be of

336-444: A number of existing advance technologies into a single, unique platform; a wave-piercer trimaran hull from, constructed exclusively of infused vinylester carbon fibre cored sandwich materials for all structural elements, with external "stealth" geometry and features intended to reduce detection. The KRI Klewang (625) caught fire because of an electrical short-circuit in the engine room during a maintenance period on September 28, 2012, and

378-410: A payload of 1,000 tonnes. It further found that such a trimaran configuration was superior to a catamaran for roll and lateral force in a beam sea and superior in suppressing motion sickness resulting from a head sea. The negative considerations for trimarans, compared with catamarans or monohulls are: Between 2005 and 2020, Austal had built 14 aluminum high-speed trimaran ships, 11 of which were for

420-462: A port of refuge, or cargo craft of 500 gross tonnage no more than eight hours from a port of refuge. All passengers are provided with a seat and there are no enclosed sleeping berths. The demand for high-speed ferries started in the late 1970s for ferries built mostly in Norway. Ultimately, two Australian shipyards came to prominence, Incat and Austal. They were initially built by many shipyards, but by

462-528: A way to deal with the problem of the instability of the latter when tacking leeward . Double-outrigger boats, however, did not develop among Austronesians in Micronesia and Polynesia (although it exists in western Melanesia ), where single-outrigger boats and catamarans are used instead. Warships with double-outriggers were used widely in Maritime Southeast Asia since ancient times up until

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504-596: The Golden Gate Yacht Club on February 14, 2010, off Valencia , Spain. The team beat the giant catamaran Alinghi 2–0 in the best-of-three series, becoming the first American syndicate to win the cup since 1992. The large rigid wing sail of the USA 17 trimaran provided a decisive advantage and the trimaran won the America's Cup by a considerable margin in each race. Earthrace broke the world record for circumnavigating

546-453: The early modern period , with examples like the karakoa , lanong kora kora , knabat bogolu , and the Borobudur ships . These were often referred to by Europeans during the colonial era as " proas ", a general term which can also refer to single-outriggers and even to native ships without outriggers. Recreational sailing catamarans and trimarans gained popularity during

588-757: The 1960s and 1970s. Amateur development of the modern sailing trimaran started in 1945 with the efforts of Victor Tchetchet , a Ukrainian émigré to the US, who built two trimarans made of marine plywood , which were about 24 feet (7.3 metres) long. He is credited with coining the term, "trimaran." In the 1950s and 60s, Arthur Piver designed and built plywood kit trimarans, which were adopted by other homebuilders, but were heavy and not sea-kindly by modern standards. Some of these achieved ocean crossings, nonetheless. Other designers followed, including Jim Brown , Ed Horstman , John Marples , Jay Kantola , Chris White , Norman Cross , Derek Kelsall and Richard Newick , thus bringing

630-559: The Caribbean. (The word "trimaran" was coined by Viktor Tchetchet , a Ukrainian emigrant to the US who tested his boats on Long Island sound in the late 1940s.) Piver crossed the Atlantic on his first ocean-going boat, the demountable 30 foot Nimble , departing from Swansee, Mass, stopping in the Azores, and successfully reaching Plymouth, England. He then began selling do-it-yourself plans through

672-567: The Channel Islands. Prospects for trimaran ferries picked up in 2017 when Fred. Olsen Express ordered two 118-metre trimarans for their Canary Islands services, named Bajamar Express and Bañaderos Express . In 2018 a Japanese company ordered an 83-metre trimaran ferry. The first use of trimaran hull designs in modern navies was in the RV Triton , a Research Vessel for the Royal Navy . She

714-552: The Mariner's Museum in Newport News, VA. It was Arthur Piver's bang-'em-together, sheet-plywood boats that launched the modern multihull movement in the early Sixties—simultaneously setting its advancement back a dozen years. It wasn't Piver's fault that so many backyard builders erected condominiums atop his slender hulls, giving multihulls an ugly duckling reputation from which they're only now recovering. Piver's voyages broadened

756-591: The Trans-Atlantic solo race because it was the only prestigious long-distance race in the world open to every type of boat. Despite the tragedies encountered on Piver vessels around the time of his death, examples of his boxy cruising designs nonetheless remain in use to this day. They could never sail well upwind but were very stable; many did carry their owners to the tropics and allowed them to fulfill their cruising dreams. Many properly built Piver tris made grueling voyages. Quen Cultra, of landlocked Illinois, built

798-720: The US Navy. In 2020, they had 11 trimarans under construction or under order. In addition to shipyards in Australia and the US, the company had shipyards in Vietnam and the Philippines. In 2005 Austal delivered the 127-metre trimaran (417 ft) Benchijigua Express to Spanish ferry operator Fred Olsen, S.A. for service in the Canary Islands . Capable of carrying 1,280 passengers and 340 cars, or equivalents, at speeds up to 40 knots, this boat

840-598: The first of these ships. Littoral combat ships built by Lockheed are of a monohull design. First launched on August 31, 2012, at Bali Strait, 63M Carbon Fibre Composite Trimaran Fast Missile Boat (Indonesian: Kapal Cepat Rudal [KCR]) named Klewang-class fast attack craft (Klewang- means a traditional Indonesian single edge sword), was the first stealth trimaran of the Indonesian Navy built by North Sea Boats at Banyuwangi , East Java , Indonesia. Designed by New Zealand Naval Architects LOMOcean Marine this ship combined

882-454: The globe in a motorized boat in 2008 in just under 61 days. The trimaran configurations has also been used for both passenger ferries and warships. The Australian shipbuilding company, Austal , investigated the comparative merits of trimaran ships, catamarans and monohulls. It found that there was an optimum location for the outer hulls in terms of minimizing wave generation and consequent power requirements for operating at high speeds with

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924-485: The growing fleet of multihulls that was based on the south coast of England. Piver's later 33' boat Stiletto was no match for the sleek molded fiberglass cats from Prout and Sailcraft and Kelsall's sandwich tris. To redeem himself, Piver announced that he would enter the next Observer Single-handed Trans-Atlantic Race (OSTAR) in 1968. Having no time left for a solo qualification passage, he left his boat in England over

966-495: The hull, each float and connector are vaka , ama and aka , respectively (although trimarans are not traditionally Polynesian, since they instead use single-outrigger and catamaran configurations). The first double- outrigger boats were developed by the Austronesian people and are still widely used today by traditional fishermen in maritime Southeast Asia . It developed from the more ancient single-outrigger boats as

1008-487: The main hull with lateral beams. Most modern trimarans are sailing yachts designed for recreation or racing; others are ferries or warships . They originated from the traditional double-outrigger hulls of the Austronesian cultures of Maritime Southeast Asia ; particularly in the Philippines and Eastern Indonesia , where it remains the dominant hull design of traditional fishing boats. Double-outriggers are derived from

1050-458: The mid-60s, these included one of his young fans, Jim Brown with the Searunner series that are still sailing today, Norman A. Cross of San Diego, California who had some 1,400 boats building or sailing by the 1980s, Jay Kantola in southern California with his stylish streamlined tris, and Derek Kelsall in England, the first designer to use foam and fiberglass "sandwich" construction and win

1092-422: The older catamaran and single-outrigger boat designs. The word "trimaran" is a portmanteau of "tri" and "(cata)maran", a term that is thought to have been coined by Victor Tchetchet , a pioneering, Ukrainian-born modern multihull designer. Trimarans consist of a main hull connected to outrigger floats on either side by a crossbeam, wing, or other form of superstructure—the traditional Polynesian terms for

1134-559: The original plans. However, Piver was driven to maintain his position as the world's top designer. He responded with the AA "Advanced Amateur" range with a sleek, fast profile using fiberglass over marine plywood and using double chines to improve his boats' underwater shape. Plans for the Pi series and custom designs were available for lease only. He sailed his next boat across the Atlantic to compete with

1176-402: The pitchpole type than a roll to one side due to their higher sideways stability and speeds. Capsized trimarans are harder to turn upright after they have turtled than monohull boats. While some capsized trimarans righted by sideways rotation may suffer heavy damage to mast and rigging, many modern and ancient trimarans are explicitly designed for this method of righting. Harnesses pulling on

1218-517: The public perception of seaworthiness for the trimaran concept and in a very short time. Piver designs became incredibly popular and inspired many novices to believe they could build their own boats and set off for the tropics. Thus Arthur Piver could be said to be the man most responsible for popularizing the nautical phenomenon of the cruising multihull. Trimarans, which have been publicised in largest measure by Piver... However, it wasn't long before other designers began developing trimaran designs. By

1260-428: The rigors of the race because he never intended to sail her across an ocean. As the Golden Globe race progressed Tetley's trimaran sustained greater and greater damage until the point where he decided to abandon her after a gale near the Azores on May 21, 1969. Piver boats could never sail well upwind. In addition some versions left much to be desired, because backyard boatbuilders lacked the necessary skills or altered

1302-606: The same folding system later adopted also on Quorning Dragonfly) and like trimarans. Modern western-built trimarans typically do not use Austronesian rigging like tanja or crab claw sails . Instead they use a standard Bermuda rig . Trimarans are also typically significantly wider. In addition, trimaran floats are much more buoyant than those of outrigger canoes to support a large sailplan. They contribute to drag when heavily immersed, and their level of immersion indicates when to reef . In terms of performance, an objective comparison by Doran (1972) in terms of maximum progress against

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1344-425: The stern toward the bow, or from the bow toward the stern of capsized trimarans have been shown to be able to successfully turn them end-over-end. Several design features reduce the chance of pitch-pole capsize; these include having wing nets with an open weave designed to reduce windage and decks and nets that shed water easily. The best way to avoid capsize is to reduce sail in heavy weather. Thomas Coville holds

1386-481: The tea clipper route from Hong Kong to London in just under 32 days – one-third the time it took the clippers to sail the route. Hydroptère , an experimental sailing hydrofoil trimaran, briefly reached 56.3 knots (104.3 km/h; 64.8 mph) near Fos-sur-Mer , but capsized and turtled shortly thereafter. Competing with a giant trimaran the BMW Oracle Racing team won the 2010 America's Cup for

1428-486: The trimaran cruiser to new levels of performance and safety. Following the homebuilt movement, production models became available. Some trimarans in the 19–36-foot lengths (5.8–11.0 m) are designed as "day-sailers" which can be transported on a road trailer. These include the original Farrier – Corsair folding trimarans, such as the F-27 Sport Cruiser – and original John Westell swing-wing folding trimaran (using

1470-418: The trimaran was his own personal invention. He was the "singlehander" type---he wrote about singlehanding in his books and made several solo passages. He also did not believe in using motors and only allowed for the inclusion upon insistence from home builders. Provisions were made for motor wells in his later designs. To him the use of motors was not being a true "sailor". Piver was allegedly driven to enter

1512-436: The turn of the century only two companies were still building larger vessels of over 70 metres and 3,000 Gross Tons . While Incat has specialized in wave-piercing catamarans, Austal has developed high-speed trimarans. In 2010 Austal built the 102 metre Hull 270, although they were unable to find a buyer for the ship until it was sold to Condor Ferries in 2015 when it was named HSC Condor Liberation and began operating to

1554-479: The wind, maximum speed, and speed downwind concluded that both the traditional double-outrigger vinta of the Philippines and the single-outrigger wa of the Caroline Islands , respectively, are still superior to the modern trimaran. Several manufacturers build trimarans in which the floats can be removed, repositioned, or folded near to the main hull. This allows them to be trailerable and/or to fit in

1596-504: The world record of 49 days and 3 hours for sailing solo around the world in the trimaran Sodebo Ultim , finishing on December 25, 2016. The previous record was set by Francis Joyon on January 20, 2008. The 51-year-old Frenchman circled the planet alone in 57 days, 13 hours, 34 minutes, 6 seconds in a trimaran. He beat British sailor Ellen MacArthur 's record set in February 2005 for which she spent just over 71 days at sea. Francis Joyon and

1638-483: Was a total loss. 43-meter Ocean Eagle trimarans from CMN wharf with design from Nigel Irens und Prolarge based on the Ocean Adventurer concept will provide coastal protection for Mozambique. Arthur Piver In the late 1950s and 1960s Piver designed and built a series of simple three-hulled, plywood yachts starting with a 16 footer and culminating in a 64-footer that was built in England for charter in

1680-512: Was built as a technology demonstrator ship for the Royal Navy's Future Surface Combatant, and has been used to prove the viability of the hull form. Since 2007 the ship has been used by the Australian Customs and Border Protection Service 's Customs Marine Unit . Littoral combat ships built by General Dynamics at Bath Iron Works are of a trimaran design. USS Independence (LCS-2) is

1722-446: Was purchased by Sodebo and renamed Sodebo Ultim . The trimaran was heavily modified with a shorter and lighter central hull, a new mast and new cockpit configuration, making it more suitable for long-distance solo sailing. It is now skippered by Thomas Coville . Trimaran A trimaran (or double-outrigger ) is a multihull boat that comprises a main hull and two smaller outrigger hulls (or "floats") which are attached to

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1764-552: Was the longest aluminum ship in the world at the time of delivery. A modern warship, the RV Triton was commissioned by British defence contractor QinetiQ in 2000. In October 2005, the United States Navy commissioned for evaluation the construction of a General Dynamics litoral combat ship trimaran designed and built by Austal. High-speed craft are governed by a code that applies to those designed for international passenger voyages that are shorter than four hours from

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