January 5, 2019 ; 5 years ago ( 2019-01-05 )
58-442: SketchUp is a 3D modeling software that is used to create and manipulate 3D models. It is used in architecture and interior design . SketchUp is owned by Trimble Inc. The software has a free web-based version, and three paid subscriptions to gain access to applications for Windows and macOS. SketchUp was developed by startup company @Last Software of Boulder, Colorado , co-founded in 1999 by Brad Schell and Joe Esch. SketchUp
116-435: A freemium business model with a free plan and two paid levels, including various amounts of storage, tools, and online access to drawings. 360 includes new features such as a "Smart Pen" mode and linking to third-party cloud-based storage such as Dropbox . Having evolved from Flash-based software, AutoCAD Web uses HTML5 browser technology available in newer browsers including Firefox and Google Chrome. AutoCAD WS began with
174-501: A 12-month renewable license available. Licenses acquired before March 25, 2020, were a 36-month license, with its last renovation on March 24, 2020. The student version of AutoCAD is functionally identical to the full commercial version, with one exception: DWG files created or edited by a student version have an internal bit-flag set (the "educational flag"). When such a DWG file is printed by any version of AutoCAD (commercial or student) older than AutoCAD 2014 SP1 or AutoCAD 2019 and newer,
232-407: A 2013 interview with Ilai Rotbaein, an AutoCAD WS product manager for Autodesk, the name AutoCAD WS had no definitive meaning, and was interpreted variously as Autodesk Web Service , White Sheet or Work Space. In 2013, AutoCAD WS was renamed to AutoCAD 360 . Later, it was renamed to AutoCAD Web App . AutoCAD is licensed, for free, to students, educators, and educational institutions, with
290-518: A built in e-com capability. Some of those platforms also offer 3D printing services on demand, software for model rendering and dynamic viewing of items. The term 3D printing or three-dimensional printing is a form of additive manufacturing technology where a three-dimensional object is created from successive layers of material. Objects can be created without the need for complex expensive molds or assembly with multiple parts. 3D printing allows ideas to be prototyped and tested without having to go through
348-410: A collection of data ( points and other information), 3D models can be created manually, algorithmically ( procedural modeling ), or by scanning . Their surfaces may be further defined with texture mapping . The product is called a 3D model, while someone who works with 3D models may be referred to as a 3D artist or a 3D modeler. A 3D model can also be displayed as a two-dimensional image through
406-543: A dedicated program (e.g., 3D modeling software by Adobe Substance , Blender , Cinema 4D , LightWave , Maya , Modo , 3ds Max ) or an application component (Shaper, Lofter in 3ds Max), or some scene description language (as in POV-Ray ). In some cases, there is no strict distinction between these phases; in such cases modeling is just part of the scene creation process (this is the case, for example, with Caligari trueSpace and Realsoft 3D ). 3D models can also be created using
464-453: A derivative format. These derivative formats include: AutoCAD LT is the lower-cost version of AutoCAD, with reduced capabilities, first released in November 1993. Autodesk developed AutoCAD LT to have an entry-level CAD package to compete in the lower price level. Priced at $ 495, it became the first AutoCAD product priced below $ 1000. It was sold directly by Autodesk and in computer stores unlike
522-429: A few recognized major differences in the software's features: AutoCAD Mobile and AutoCAD Web (formerly AutoCAD WS and AutoCAD 360) is an account-based mobile and web application enabling registered users to view, edit, and share AutoCAD files via mobile device and web using a limited AutoCAD feature set — and using cloud-stored drawing files. The program, which is an evolution and combination of previous products, uses
580-626: A free downloadable version of SketchUp, including integrated tools for uploading content to Google Earth and to the Google 3D Warehouse. Google SketchUp Pro 6 introduced a beta version of Google SketchUp Layout which includes 2D vector tools and page layout tools allowing presentations to be produced without the need for a separate presentation program. On November 17, 2008, SketchUp 7 was released with integration of SketchUp's Component Browser with Google 3D Warehouse, Lay Out 2, and dynamic components that respond to scaling. On September 1, 2010, SketchUp 8
638-585: A host of other uses. In recent decades the earth science community has started to construct 3D geological models as a standard practice. 3D models can be the basis for physical devices that are built with 3D printers or CNC machines . In video game development, 3D modeling is one stage in a longer development process. The source of the geometry for the shape of an object can be: A wide number of 3D software are also used in constructing digital representation of mechanical models or parts before they are actually manufactured. Using CAD- and CAM -related software,
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#1732852514796696-465: A lesser extent, .dxf , have become de facto, if proprietary, standards for CAD data interoperability , particularly for 2D drawing exchange. The primary file format for 2D and 3D drawing files created with AutoCAD is .dwg . While other third-party CAD software applications can create .dwg files, AutoCAD uniquely creates RealDWG files. The drawing version code changes between AutoCAD releases. Using AutoCAD, any .dwg file may be saved to
754-420: A process called 3D rendering or used in a computer simulation of physical phenomena. 3D models may be created automatically or manually. The manual modeling process of preparing geometric data for 3D computer graphics is similar to plastic arts such as sculpting . The 3D model can be physically created using 3D printing devices that form 2D layers of the model with three-dimensional material, one layer at
812-1033: A production process. 3D models can be purchased from online markets and printed by individuals or companies using commercially available 3D printers, enabling the home-production of objects such as spare parts and even medical equipment. Today, 3D modeling is used in various industries like film, animation and gaming, interior design and architecture . They are also used in the medical industry to create interactive representations of anatomy. The medical industry uses detailed models of organs; these may be created with multiple two-dimensional image slices from an MRI or CT scan . The movie industry uses them as characters and objects for animated and real-life motion pictures . The video game industry uses them as assets for computer and video games . The science sector uses them as highly detailed models of chemical compounds. The architecture industry uses 3D models to demonstrate proposed buildings and landscapes in lieu of traditional, physical architectural models . Additionally,
870-451: A rebuilt Generate Report and now Layout offers web-friendly reference objects as well as a new Layout API . SketchUp Pro licensing is dual-platform and works on Windows and Mac machines. Studio contains everything included in the Pro subscription, professional rendering via Chaos' V-Ray for SketchUp, point cloud import, and management via Trimble's Scan Essentials. Go, formerly known as Shop,
928-402: A time. Without a 3D model, a 3D print is not possible. 3D modeling software is a class of 3D computer graphics software used to produce 3D models. Individual programs of this class are called modeling applications. 3D models are now widely used anywhere in 3D graphics and CAD but their history predates the widespread use of 3D graphics on personal computers . In
986-920: A version for the iPhone and subsequently expanded to include versions for the iPod Touch , iPad , Android phones, and Android tablets. Autodesk released the iOS version in September 2010, following with the Android version on April 20, 2011. The program is available via download at no cost from the App Store ( iOS ), Google Play ( Android ) and Amazon Appstore (Android). In its initial iOS version, AutoCAD WS supported drawing of lines, circles, and other shapes; creation of text and comment boxes; and management of color, layer, and measurements — in both landscape and portrait modes. Version 1.3, released August 17, 2011, added support for unit typing, layer visibility, area measurement and file management. The Android variant includes
1044-575: Is a 2D and 3D computer-aided design (CAD) software application developed by Autodesk . It was first released in December 1982 for the CP/M and IBM PC platforms as a desktop app running on microcomputers with internal graphics controllers . Initially a DOS application, subsequent versions were later released for other platforms including Classic Mac OS (1992), Microsoft Windows (1993) and macOS (2010), iOS (2010), and Android (2011). AutoCAD
1102-495: Is a SketchUp offering that includes the following: web and mobile modelers, SketchUp for Web and SketchUp for iPad; Trimble Connect Business, a cloud collaboration tool for viewing, sharing, and accessing project information from anywhere; and access to SketchUp's model library, 3D Warehouse. SketchUp Go is aimed at design and construction professionals, as well as DIY designers. Users can model and mark up 3D models digitally using Apple Pencil and touch. SketchUp Go does not include
1160-489: Is a general drafting and design application used in industry by architects, project managers, engineers, graphic designers, city planners, and other professionals to prepare technical drawings . After discontinuing the sale of perpetual licenses in January 2016, commercial versions of AutoCAD are licensed through a term-based subscription or Autodesk Flex, a pay-as-you-go option introduced on September 24, 2021. Subscriptions to
1218-453: Is currently investing in creating 3D developer partners in order to have more professionally modeled products available in 3D Warehouse. According to the Trimble, 3D Warehouse is the most popular 3D content site on the web. SketchUp holds U.S. Patent 6,628,279, granted in September 2003, expired in 2021, on its "Push/Pull" technology. SketchUp 4 and later support software extensions written in
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#17328525147961276-455: Is due to the increasing adoption of 3D modeling in the AEC industry, which helps to improve design accuracy, reduce errors and omissions and facilitate collaboration among project stakeholders. Over the last several years numerous marketplaces specializing in 3D rendering and printing models have emerged. Some of the 3D printing marketplaces are a combination of models sharing sites, with or without
1334-473: Is not for commercial use. On June 4, 2020, Trimble announced that SketchUp would transition to a subscription business model . After November 4, 2020, SketchUp no longer sells perpetual licenses and maintenance & support plans. 3D Warehouse is an open library in which SketchUp users may upload and download 3D models to share. The models can be downloaded right into the program without anything having to be saved onto your computer's storage. File sizes of
1392-478: Is planar, so the projection is always convex). Polygon representations are not used in all rendering techniques, and in these cases the tessellation step is not included in the transition from abstract representation to rendered scene. There are three popular ways to represent a model: The modeling stage consists of shaping individual objects that are later used in the scene. There are a number of modeling techniques, including: Modeling can be performed by means of
1450-449: Is the process of developing a mathematical coordinate-based representation of a surface of an object (inanimate or living) in three dimensions via specialized software by manipulating edges, vertices, and polygons in a simulated 3D space . Three-dimensional (3D) models represent a physical body using a collection of points in 3D space, connected by various geometric entities such as triangles, lines, curved surfaces, etc. Being
1508-506: The Lands' End web site. The human virtual models were created by the company My Virtual Mode Inc. and enabled users to create a model of themselves and try on 3D clothing. There are several modern programs that allow for the creation of virtual human models ( Poser being one example). The development of cloth simulation software such as Marvelous Designer, CLO3D and Optitex, has enabled artists and fashion designers to model dynamic 3D clothing on
1566-587: The Ruby programming language , which add specialized functionality. Many such extensions are available to others on the Trimble Extension Warehouse and many other 3rd party websites as well. SketchUp has a Ruby console, an environment which allows experimentation with Ruby . SketchUp Free, the web-based version, does not support extensions, which severely limits the functionality of the tool. SketchUp supports its own .skp file extension. It supports
1624-518: The 3D modeling software. For the best of both worlds, some artists use a combination of 3D modeling followed by editing the 2D computer-rendered images from the 3D model. A large market for 3D models (as well as 3D-related content, such as textures, scripts, etc.) exists—either for individual models or large collections. Several online marketplaces for 3D content allow individual artists to sell content that they have created, including TurboSquid , MyMiniFactory , Sketchfab , CGTrader and Cults . Often,
1682-495: The accuracy of the results may be unpredictable or distorted. For example, jagged edges may appear. Several vendors provide online conversions for free such as Cometdocs. AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT are available for English, German, French, Italian, Spanish, Japanese , Korean , Chinese Simplified , Chinese Traditional , Brazilian Portuguese , Russian , Czech , Polish and Hungarian (also through additional language packs). The extent of localization varies from full translation of
1740-687: The application store Autodesk Exchange Apps. AutoCAD's DXF , drawing exchange format, allows importing and exporting drawing information. Autodesk has also developed a few vertical programs for discipline-specific enhancements such as: Since AutoCAD 2019 several verticals are included with AutoCAD subscription as Industry-Specific Toolset. For example, AutoCAD Architecture (formerly Architectural Desktop) permits architectural designers to draw 3D objects, such as walls, doors, and windows, with more intelligent data associated with them rather than simple objects, such as lines and circles. The data can be programmed to represent specific architectural products sold in
1798-408: The artists' goal is to get additional value out of assets they have previously created for projects. By doing so, artists can earn more money out of their old content and companies can save money by buying pre-made models instead of paying an employee to create one from scratch. These marketplaces typically split the sale between themselves and the artist that created the asset, artists get 40% to 95% of
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1856-459: The building, including MEP systems and interior finishes. By using LOD, architects , engineers and General contractor can more effectively communicate design intent and make more informed decisions throughout the construction process. The archaeology community is now creating 3D models of cultural heritage for research and visualization. The engineering community utilizes them as designs of new devices, vehicles and structures as well as
1914-427: The computer. Dynamic 3D clothing is used for virtual fashion catalogs, as well as for dressing 3D characters for video games, 3D animation movies, for digital doubles in movies, as a creation tool for digital fashion brands, as well as for making clothes for avatars in virtual worlds such as SecondLife . 3D photorealistic effects are often achieved without wire-frame modeling and are sometimes indistinguishable in
1972-456: The construction industry, or extracted into a data file for pricing, materials estimation, and other values related to the objects represented. Additional tools generate standard 2D drawings, such as elevations and sections, from a 3D architectural model. Similarly, Civil Design, Civil Design 3D, and Civil Design Professional support data-specific objects facilitating easy standard civil engineering calculations and representations. Softdesk Civil
2030-445: The desktop modeler, a downloadable application that can be used offline. Currently, only Pro and Studio plans feature this modeler. In November 2017, SketchUp Free was released as a web-based application which replaces SketchUp Make. Drawings can be saved to the cloud, saved locally as a native SKP file, or exported as an STL file. Compared to Make, SketchUp Free does not support extensions, creation, and editing of materials. The product
2088-604: The desktop version of AutoCAD include access to the web and mobile applications. However, users can subscribe separately to the AutoCAD Web App online or AutoCAD Mobile through an in-app purchase. Before AutoCAD was introduced, most CAD programs ran on mainframe computers or minicomputers , with each CAD operator (user) working at a separate graphics terminal . AutoCAD was derived from a program that began in 1977, and then released in 1979 called Interact CAD , also referred to in early Autodesk documents as MicroCAD, which
2146-433: The eponymous desktop 3D modeler, plus importers and exporters to common 2D and 3D formats, access to SketchUp's repository of pre-built 3D models (3D Warehouse), access to its extension library (Extension Warehouse), access to Layout (2D documentation software) and Style Builder (create custom edge styles for SketchUp models). SketchUp Pro 2016 has native integration with Trimble Connect, treat 3D Warehouse models as references,
2204-461: The final form. Some graphic art software includes filters that can be applied to 2D vector graphics or 2D raster graphics on transparent layers. Advantages of wireframe 3D modeling over exclusively 2D methods include: Disadvantages compare to 2D photorealistic rendering may include a software learning curve and difficulty achieving certain photorealistic effects. Some photorealistic effects may be achieved with special rendering filters included in
2262-468: The first version for Windows was Release 12, released in February 1993. Many software applications such as Autodesk Civil 3D and ESRI ArcMap 10 permits export as AutoCAD drawing files. Third-party file converters exist for specific formats such as Bentley MX GENIO Extension, PISTE Extension (France), ISYBAU (Germany), OKSTRA and Microdrainage (UK); also, conversion of .pdf files is feasible, however,
2320-466: The following 3D modeling formats: .3DS , .DAE , .DEM , .DDF , .DXF , .DWG , .IFC (.IFCZIP), .KMZ , .STL , .PDF . SKP, 3DS , DAE , DWG , DXF , FBX , IFC , OBJ , KMZ , STL , WRL , XSI JPG , PNG , TIF , PDF , EPS Layout Import: SKP, BMP , GIF , JPEG , JPG, PNG , TIF, TIFF , RTF, TXT , DWG , DXF, CSV , TSV, XLSX . Layout Export: PNG , JPG, PDF , DWG , DXF. 3D modeling In 3D computer graphics , 3D modeling
2378-429: The full version of AutoCAD, which must be purchased from official Autodesk dealers. AutoCAD LT 2015 introduced Desktop Subscription service from $ 360 per year; as of 2018, three subscription plans were available, from $ 50 a month to a 3-year, $ 1170 license. Since AutoCAD LT 2024, AutoCAD LT support LISP customization. While there are hundreds of small differences between the full AutoCAD package and AutoCAD LT, there are
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2436-468: The iOS feature set along with such unique features as the ability to insert text or captions by voice command as well as manually. Both Android and iOS versions allow the user to save files on-line — or off-line in the absence of an Internet connection. In 2011, Autodesk announced plans to migrate the majority of its software to " the cloud ", starting with the AutoCAD WS mobile application. According to
2494-438: The industry. Many programs include export options to form a g-code , applicable to additive or subtractive manufacturing machinery. G-code (computer numerical control) works with automated technology to form a real-world rendition of 3D models. This code is a specific set of instructions to carry out steps of a product's manufacturing. The first widely available commercial application of human virtual models appeared in 1998 on
2552-515: The middle point coordinate of a sphere and a point on its circumference into a polygon representation of a sphere, is called tessellation . This step is used in polygon-based rendering, where objects are broken down from abstract representations (" primitives ") such as spheres, cones etc., to so-called meshes , which are nets of interconnected triangles. Meshes of triangles (instead of e.g., squares ) are popular as they have proven to be easy to rasterize (the surface described by each triangle
2610-556: The models can be up to 50 MB. Anyone can make, modify and re-upload content to and from the 3D warehouse free of charge. All the models in 3D Warehouse are free, so anyone can download files for use in SketchUp or even other software such as AutoCAD , Revit and Archi CAD - all of which have apps allowing the retrieval of models from 3D Warehouse. Since 2014 Trimble has launched a new version of 3D Warehouse where companies may have an official page with their own 3D catalog of products. Trimble
2668-1074: The operator can test the functionality of assemblies of parts. 3D modeling is used in the field of industrial design , wherein products are 3D modeled before representing them to the clients. In media and event industries, 3D modeling is used in stage and set design . The OWL 2 translation of the vocabulary of X3D can be used to provide semantic descriptions for 3D models , which is suitable for indexing and retrieval of 3D models by features such as geometry, dimensions, material, texture, diffuse reflection, transmission spectra, transparency, reflectivity, opalescence, glazes, varnishes and enamels (as opposed to unstructured textual descriptions or 2.5D virtual museums and exhibitions using Google Street View on Google Arts & Culture , for example). The RDF representation of 3D models can be used in reasoning , which enables intelligent 3D applications which, for example, can automatically compare two 3D models by volume. [REDACTED] Media related to 3D modeling at Wikimedia Commons AutoCAD AutoCAD
2726-431: The past, many computer games used pre-rendered images of 3D models as sprites before computers could render them in real-time. The designer can then see the model in various directions and views, this can help the designer see if the object is created as intended to compared to their original vision. Seeing the design this way can help the designer or company figure out changes or improvements needed to
2784-401: The product to documentation only. The AutoCAD command set is localized as a part of the software localization. AutoCAD supports a number of APIs for customization and automation. These include AutoLISP , Visual LISP , VBA , .NET and ObjectARX . ObjectARX is a C++ class library, which was also the base for: There are a large number of AutoCAD plugins (add-on applications) available on
2842-407: The product. Almost all 3D models can be divided into two categories: Solid and shell modeling can create functionally identical objects. Differences between them are mostly variations in the way they are created and edited and conventions of use in various fields and differences in types of approximations between the model and reality. Shell models must be manifold (having no holes or cracks in
2900-458: The sales according to the marketplace. In most cases, the artist retains ownership of the 3d model while the customer only buys the right to use and present the model. Some artists sell their products directly in its own stores offering their products at a lower price by not using intermediaries. The architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry is the biggest market for 3D modeling, with an estimated value of $ 12.13 billion by 2028. This
2958-500: The shell) to be meaningful as a real object. In a shell model of a cube, the bottom and top surface of the cube must have a uniform thickness with no holes or cracks in the first and last layer printed. Polygonal meshes (and to a lesser extent subdivision surfaces ) are by far the most common representation. Level sets are a useful representation for deforming surfaces which undergo many topological changes such as fluids . The process of transforming representations of objects, such as
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#17328525147963016-466: The subject. Complex materials such as blowing sand, clouds, and liquid sprays are modeled with particle systems , and are a mass of 3D coordinates which have either points , polygons , texture splats or sprites assigned to them. There are a variety of 3D modeling programs that can be used in the industries of engineering, interior design, film and others. Each 3D modeling software has specific capabilities and can be utilized to fulfill demands for
3074-492: The technique of Photogrammetry with dedicated programs such as RealityCapture , Metashape and 3DF Zephyr . Cleanup and further processing can be performed with applications such as MeshLab , the GigaMesh Software Framework , netfabb or MeshMixer. Photogrammetry creates models using algorithms to interpret the shape and texture of real-world objects and environments based on photographs taken from many angles of
3132-418: The use of Level of Detail (LOD) in 3D models is becoming increasingly important in the AEC industry. LOD is a measure of the level of detail and accuracy included in a 3D model. The LOD levels range from 100 to 500, with LOD 100 representing a conceptual model that shows the basic massing and location of objects, and LOD 500 representing an extremely detailed model that includes information about every aspect of
3190-506: Was created in August 2000 as a 3D content creation tool and was envisioned as a software program for design professionals. The program won a Community Choice Award at its first tradeshow in 2000. The first macOS release of SketchUp won a "Best of Show" at Macworld in 2002. Google acquired @Last Software on March 14, 2006, attracted by @Last Software's work developing a plugin for Google Earth. On January 9, 2007, Google announced Google SketchUp 6,
3248-467: Was developed as an AutoCAD add-on by a company in New Hampshire called Softdesk (originally DCA). Softdesk was acquired by Autodesk, and Civil became Land Development Desktop (LDD), later renamed Land Desktop. Civil 3D was later developed and Land Desktop was retired. AutoCAD's native file formats are denoted either by a .dwg , .dwt , .dws , or .dxf filename extension . .dwg and, to
3306-517: Was released with model geolocation with Google Maps and Building Maker integration. Geolocation information is always stored in the .KMZ file . The building designs themselves are saved in SKP. Trimble Navigation (now Trimble Inc. ) acquired SketchUp from Google on June 1, 2012, for an undisclosed sum. In 2013, SketchUp 2013 was released. A new site was provided. SketchUp comes in the following subscription options: SketchUp Pro subscription includes
3364-486: Was written prior to Autodesk's (then Marinchip Software Partners) formation by Autodesk cofounder Michael Riddle. The first version by Autodesk was demonstrated at the 1982 Comdex and released that December. AutoCAD supported CP/M -80 computers. As Autodesk's flagship product, by March 1986 AutoCAD had become the most ubiquitous CAD program worldwide. The first UNIX version was Release 10 for Xenix in October 1989, while
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