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38-576: The Benvenuti Situla is a bronze situla that dates to c. 600 BC. It is a product of the situla art that spread north from the Etruscans in this period, in this case to the Este culture that flourished in Este, Veneto during the 7th century BC. The vessel is now conserved in the local National Museum Atestino . The relief work on the vessel depicts scenes of aristocratic life. These include banqueting as well as scenes of military victory. The iconography of

76-565: A Duke of Carniola . The city was connected to the Southern lands since the 1600s by the Kandija Bridge originally a wooden structure, since the 1800s an iron bridge. During World War II , the city was controlled by Fascist Italy as part of the Province of Ljubljana until Mussolini's downfall in 1943. It was then occupied by Nazi Germany until the end of the war. In 1958, the authorities of

114-405: A "nipple" at the bottom (see Luristan example in § Gallery , below), is believed to have represented the female breast . These were also donated to temples as votive offerings by devotees. Elaborate early medieval situlae, sometimes called aspersoria (singular: aspersorium ), were Christian liturgical objects used to hold holy water , also usually of bronze, and straight-sided with

152-481: A bend of the Krka River, close to the border with Croatia . Novo Mesto was attested in historical sources in 1365 as Růdolfswerde (and as Rudolfswerd in 1392 and Noua Mesta in 1419). The German name (spelled Rudolfswerth in the modern era) is a compound of the personal name Rudolf and wert 'island, peninsula, land above the water', and refers to Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria , who conferred town rights upon

190-590: A ceramic import from Egypt from an Etruscan burial. The Este and Hallstatt examples are later, with the Slovenian production reaching a peak in quality in the 5th century, up to about 400 BC, well after the Hallstatt period had ended over much of its area. Some were found containing cremated ashes, but they were essentially luxury vessels used at feasts. Numerous Hallstatt situlae were found in Slovenia, mainly (19 of them) in

228-538: A handle. An aspergillum was dipped in the situla to collect water with which to sprinkle the congregation or other objects. Four richly carved ivory examples from the 10th century are known: the Basilewsky Situla of 920 in the Victoria & Albert Museum , decorated with twelve scenes from the life of Christ on two levels (it contains one of the very few depictions of Judas Iscariot showing remorse and throwing

266-459: A masculine viewpoint, in which women are servants or sex objects; most of the scenes which include humans are of the feasts in which the situlae themselves figure, of the hunt or of war". Similar scenes are found on other vessel shapes, as well as bronze belt-plaques. The processions of animals, typical of earlier examples, or humans derive from the Near East and Mediterranean, and Nancy Sandars finds

304-575: A pointed bottom, so that they must rest on a stand or on their side. The practical wider shape is a European invention, first seen in the European Bronze Age . Bronze situlae were a feature of the Urnfield culture which dominated central Europe and parts of southern Europe in the Late Bronze Age. They frequently incorporated schematic depictions of solar boats with bird head protomes , known as

342-455: A projecting rim. These had a variety of uses, including for washing and bathing. Any decoration was often concentrated on the upper part of the sides. Situla art was an important means of transition of Greek-derived motifs from the Etruscans through the regions to the north to the emerging La Tène culture further west. According to Ruth and Vincent Megaw , "Situla art depicts life as seen from

380-478: Is a Slovenian example. These usually have sides sloping outwards, then a sharp turn in at the shoulder, and outside Etruria often a short narrower neck. The shape has similarities with the narrower spouted Etruscan shape of flagon that was also copied to the north, as in the 5th-century Basse Yutz Flagons found in France. They are often decorated, in the most elaborate examples with several bands of figures running round

418-402: Is also unusual in that it seems to show a specific story. The term is also used for pails carried by figures in other art forms; according to Plutarch and other sources this was a sign of a devotee of Isis , who herself is often shown carrying one (containing water from the sacred Nile ), of a rather different shape, with a rounded bottom, and sometimes lidded. This rounded shape, often with

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456-555: Is not uncommon in November and March and rare in October and April. Snow fell as early as 21 October 1971 and as late as 20 May 1969. The greatest snow depth was recorded on 17 February 1969, measuring 103 cm. The wettest year on record was 2014, with 1,482 mm of precipitation, and the driest was 2000, with 827 mm. Novo Mesto has been a hub of artistic creation in various fields: music, literature, and visual arts. The turning point

494-556: Is predominantly ethnically Slovene. On the southeast outskirts of the town there is a Roma settlement called Žabjak, also known as Brezje. Demographic evolution Novo Mesto has a humid continental climate, which is influenced by several factors: the Dinaric Alps, the Alps, the Adriatic Sea, and the continental background. Despite the fact that town is close to the 46th parallel north,

532-504: Is the September 1920 exhibition named Novo Mesto Spring , which brought together artists of different genres and marks the beginning of avant-garde art in Slovenia. The development of music in Novo Mesto may be traced to the 16th century, with the clergy, e.g. the provost George Slatkonia , the first residential Bishop of Vienna, promulgating the development of vocal music. In 1498 Slatkonia

570-599: The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia had a motorway built connecting the Slovenian capital Ljubljana and Zagreb in Croatia , which passed through Novo Mesto. The A2 motorway is today part of the European route E70 . With its construction, Novo Mesto became much better connected to the rest of Slovenia and the rest of Yugoslavia, and began to grow as an important regional center. The population of Novo Mesto

608-780: The "City of Situlas" after numerous situlas found in the area. Graben Castle on the Krka River, ancestral seat of the noble House of Graben von Stein , was first mentioned in an 1170 deed. The town itself was founded by the Habsburg archduke Rudolf IV of Austria on 7 April 1365 as Rudolfswerth . The Austrian Habsburgs received the Carniolan March from the hands of Louis IV , the Holy Roman Emperor, King of Italy and Duke of Bavaria, in 1335 and in 1364 Rudolf "the Founder" proclaimed himself

646-607: The 'sun-bird-ship' motif. Typical Iron Age situlae are bronze , as in the types of libation vessels found as grave goods in Etruscan graves , the Este culture (example, the Situla Benvenuti ) and neighbouring Golasecca culture , and the eastern zone of the Hallstatt culture of Central and Southeast Europe. Here they have a distinctive style, often without a handle; the Vače situla

684-560: The 12th century Persian Bobrinsky Bucket in the Hermitage Museum . Novo Mesto Novo Mesto ( pronounced [ˈnɔːʋɔ ˈmeːstɔ] ; Slovene : Novo mesto ; also known by alternative names ) is the seventh-largest city of Slovenia . It is the economic and cultural centre of the traditional region of Lower Carniola (southeastern Slovenia) and the seat of the City Municipality of Novo Mesto . It lies on

722-667: The Etruscan regions, from which the style spread north to some cultures in Northern Italy , Slovenia , and adjacent areas, where terms such as situla culture and situla art may be used. Situla is also the term for types of bucket-shaped Ancient Greek vases, some very finely painted. More utilitarian pottery situlae are also found, and some in silver or other materials, such as two glass ones from late antiquity in St Mark's, Venice . Ancient Egyptian and Near Eastern shapes tend to have

760-645: The London example which was possibly from the same workshop. The latest and most lavish is the Aachen example, which is studded with jewels and shows an enthroned Emperor, surrounded by a pope and archbishops. This was probably made in Trier about 1000. The term may also be used for similar vessels from other cultures, especially the ancient Middle East and China and Vietnam. Bronze bath buckets are also found in Islamic art , such as

798-506: The area of Novo Mesto in Lower Carniola , which has been named the "City of Situlae" due to this. Japodian burial urns made by the Japodes tribe of Illyrians are a 5th-century BC extension into modern Bosnia of this style. Later Etruscan and then Roman styles favoured a simple shape curving from the base, becoming vertical at the top, with a wide mouth and no shoulder, but sometimes

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836-420: The best known of them being Marjan Kozina , after whom the music school of the town is named, and the expressionist composer Marij Kogoj . In the 20th century, particularly after World War II, a number of influential contemporary ( jazz , rock , and pop ) music groups appeared and created in the town, the most notable of them being Rudolfovo  [ sl ] , Dan D and others. In the early 21st century,

874-475: The central cultural venue of the town is named Janez Trdina Cultural Centre, lived in Novo Mesto in exile and wrote primarily short fictional stories about the Gorjanci hill range, which he published under the title Fairytales and Stories about Gorjanci (Bajke in povesti o Gorjancih). Kette, who lived in Novo Mesto in the time of his studies, wrote lyrical poetry, particularly dedicated to Angela Smola whom he met in

912-562: The climate is much warmer than places at similar latitudes in North America and East Asia. Prevailing western winds bring warm and moist air from the Atlantic and Mediterranean. Lying in partial rain shadow, precipitation is much lower than just 20 km to the west, and foehn winds blowing from southwest over the Dinaric alps can bring very warm weather in any month of the year. From the northeast,

950-521: The film editor Jurij Moškon , and the contemporary film directors Rok Biček  [ sl ] , Klemen Dvornik  [ sl ] , Nejc Gazvoda , and Žiga Virc  [ sl ] . On 7 April 2006, Novo Mesto became the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Novo Mesto , which is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Ljubljana . Novo Mesto Cathedral , standing on Kapitelj Hill above

988-638: The most popular pop-rock music group was Dan D, whereas classical music gained two important pieces of work in the frame of the George Slatkonia Vocal Academy , a chamber opera ( The Baptism on the Savica ) and Te Deum , a monumental cantata work. The central literature personalities of Novo Mesto are the writer Janez Trdina (1830–1905), the poet Dragotin Kette (1876–1899), and the poet and essayist Anton Podbevšek (1898–1981). Trdina, after whom

1026-463: The relief scenes of the situla may indicate Etruscan influence. This article relating to archaeology in Italy is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Luca Zaghetto La situla Benvenuti di Este. Il poema figurato degli Antichi Veneti , Bologna 2017. Situla Decorated Iron Age situlae in bronze are a distinctive feature of Etruscan art in burials from the northern part of

1064-535: The settlement in 1365. The parallel German name Neustadtl was also in use (attested as Newestat in 1365, and probably a translation of the Slovene name). The name used for the settlement before 1365 is unknown. The Slovene name Novo mesto literally means 'new town'; names like this are common in Europe and generally refer to settlements built at a site where an older one was burned or otherwise destroyed. From 1865 to 1918,

1102-535: The style shows "a gaucherie that betrays the artist working in a way that is uncongenial, too much at variance with the temper of the craftsmen and the craft". Compared to earlier styles that arose organically in Europe "situla art is weak and sometimes quaint", and "in essence not of Europe". Except for the Benvenuti Situla, men are hairless, with "funny hats, dumpy bodies and big heads", though often shown looking cheerful in an engaging way. The Benevenuti Situla

1140-832: The thirty silver coins on the floor of the Temple), the "Situla of Gotofredo" of c. 980 in Milan Cathedral , one in the Aachen Cathedral Treasury, and one in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. All came from the milieu of the Ottonian court: an inscription says that Archbishop Gotfredus presented the Milan example in anticipation of a visit by the Emperor, also referred to in

1178-495: The town is exposed to cold air originating in eastern Europe and Siberia, which in winter can bring very cold and sometimes snowy weather. The coldest temperature of −25.6 °C was recorded on 17 February 1952, and the highest, 39.9 °C, on 8 August 2013. Precipitation is abundant, most of it failing as rain in warmer months, between May and November. Hail and heavy thunderstorms are very common between May and September, and snow regularly occurs between December and February. Snow

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1216-682: The town was contributed by students and the teaching staff of the Novo Mesto Grammar School . The school had a quality singing choir led by Hugolin Sattner  [ sl ] , Aleš Ottokar and Ignacij Hladnik  [ sl ] as well as a student orchestra led by Viktor Parma  [ sl ] . In 1886, a male choir was established in the town in the frame of the Catholic Craftsman Assistants Society . Several classical composers were connected to Novo Mesto,

1254-525: The town was officially named Rudolfovo in Slovene, based on the German name. Following World War I and the dissolution of Austria-Hungary , the city became part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and was officially renamed Novo mesto . Novo Mesto has been settled since pre-history . The city is one of the most important archeological sites of the Hallstatt culture ( Early Iron Age ) in Europe and has been nicknamed

1292-444: The town's chapter church. Podbevšek laid the foundations of Slovene lyrical avant-garde poetry. The youngest professional theatre in Slovenia and the first theatre in the town, established in 2005, has been named after him Anton Podbevšek Theatre  [ sl ] . Novo Mesto is the birthplace of the painter and graphic artist Božidar Jakac (1899–1989), who produced one of the most extensive oeuvres of visual arts in Slovenia and

1330-554: The town, is dedicated to Saint Nicholas and is an originally Gothic building that was rebuilt in the Baroque style in the 17th century. The main altar oil painting by Tintoretto , and the side altar paintings by the French 18th century painter Valentin Metzinger , the leading Baroque painter in Slovenia, are on display in the church. Today, tourism is increasing in Slovenia, and Novo Mesto

1368-515: The vessel. They may or may not have handles, and sometimes have lids. Many are made of several sheets held together with rivets . The Etruscan examples are most characteristic in the 7th century BC, though continuing well afterwards. They are in various materials, from pottery to bronze, and sometimes silver. The Situla of the Pania is an unusual luxury Etruscan example in ivory , and the Bocchoris vase

1406-470: Was a key organiser of visual arts education and visual arts events in the country. Many of his works as well as of other well-known Slovenian artists are kept at the Jakac House in the town. Other known Novo Mesto visual artists were the painter Vladimir Lamut  [ sl ] and the architect Marjan Mušič  [ sl ] . Several notable film artists originate from Novo Mesto, besides Jakac also

1444-540: Was appointed the singing master (Singmeister) of the choir later known as the Vienna Boys' Choir . Accelerated development took place in the 19th century with the establishment of a brass band in 1846, and the establishment of the Lower Carniola Singing Society in 1884. The society laid the foundations of the vocal music in the wider Lower Carniola area. A significant part in the musical development of

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