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84-626: The VS-316 was developed from the famous experimental VS-300 helicopter, invented by Igor Sikorsky and publicly demonstrated in 1940. The VS-316 was designated the XR-4, under the United States Army Air Forces ' series for "Rotorcraft". The XR-4 first flew on 14 January 1942 and was accepted by the Army on 30 May 1942. The XR-4 exceeded all the previous helicopter endurance altitude and airspeed records that had been set before it. The XR-4 completed

168-560: A 180 hp (130 kW) Warner R-550-1 Super Scarab engine, compared to the 165 hp (123 kW) Warner R-500-3 in the prototype, and a rotor diameter increased by 1 ft (30 cm). Evaluation of the YR-4A demonstrated a need for further improvements, including moving the tailwheel further aft on the tailboom, venting the exhaust to the side instead of downward, and increasing the fuel capacity by 5 US gal (4.2 imp gal; 19 L). These and other design changes led to

252-558: A 761 mi (1,225 km) cross-country flight from Bridgeport, Connecticut, to Wright Field, Ohio, set a helicopter peak altitude record of 12,000 ft (3,700 m), while achieving 100 flight hours without a major incident and top airspeed approaching 90 mph (78 kn; 145 km/h) The British Admiralty , having learned of the VS-300, made a ship available, Empire Mersey , fitted with an 80 ft × 40 ft (24 m × 12 m) landing platform, intended to show

336-510: A Sikorsky R-4 carrying life saving blood plasma for the casualties from New York City. On 22–23 April 1944, U.S. Army Lieutenant Carter Harman of the 1st Air Commando Group conducted the first combat rescue by helicopter using a YR-4B in the China-Burma-India theater . Despite the high altitude, humidity, and capacity for only a single passenger, Harman rescued a downed liaison aircraft pilot and his three British soldier passengers, two at

420-454: A company from the 38th Infantry Division saw extensive combat in Ramadi and Fallujah, Iraq. This company and its parent battalion were administratively assigned to the 38th Infantry Division, but operationally assigned to the 76th Infantry Brigade (Separate) just prior to the mobilization and deployment of 2006–07. Originally known as Company A, 2nd Battalion (Mechanized), 152nd Infantry Regiment ,

504-586: A costly siege operation. 2nd Battation of the 151st Infantry, along with elements from the Cannon and anti-tank companies, moved to Corregidor , 24 February, to clear the remaining Japanese defenders from the Rock. The same battalion assaulted and captured Caballo Island, 27 March, and Fort Drum on El Fraile Island, 13 April. 1st Battalion 151st Infantry captured Carabao Island on 16 April. Supporting operations in March included

588-633: A diverse task force in Regional Command East of 4100 US military members, including Army signal, civil affairs (CA), psychological operations (PSYOPS), Military Police (MP), Embedded Training Teams (ETT), Agribusiness Development Teams (ADT); Air Force Facility/Base Engineering and Security. The task force contained units from five coalition partners: France, Mongolia, United Arab Emirates (UAE), New Zealand (the Bamiyan PRT), Singapore, and Mongolia. Lastly, TF Cyclone had attached representatives from

672-527: A major push against dug-in Japanese defenders in the mountainous terrain between Fort Stotsenburg and Mount Pinatubo by the 38th Division Advance (consisting of the 149th Regimental Combat Team (RCT), the 169th RCT, and all the 38th Division's artillery). Once the enemy was broken, combat elements of the 152nd Infantry pushed north from San Felipe to Palauig Bay and east from Botolan along the Capas Trail cutting

756-470: A minute the plane falls out of control. Pilots of regular planes say it's easy to identify a helicopter pilot – he has a permanent case of the shakes." Data from General characteristics Performance Related development Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era Vought-Sikorsky VS-300 The Vought-Sikorsky VS-300 (or S-46 ) is an American single-engine helicopter designed by Igor Sikorsky . It had

840-549: A practical helicopter began in 1938, when as the Engineering Manager of the Vought-Sikorsky Division of United Aircraft Corporation, he was able to convince the directors of United Aircraft that his years of study and research into rotary-wing flight problems would lead to a breakthrough. His first experimental machine, the VS-300, was test flown by Sikorsky on 14 September 1939, tethered by cables. In developing

924-545: A proposed recruitment quota to the National Guard Bureau (NGB), and designated commanders in anticipation of receiving approval for the reorganizing units. Receiving approval from NGB in October 1946, Indiana began organizing and reconstituting the subordinate elements of the 38th Infantry Division. Unit strength grew quickly, swelled by large numbers of World War II veterans. The influx of tested combat leaders facilitated

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1008-512: A single three-blade rotor originally powered by a 75 horsepower (56  kW ) engine. The first "free" flight of the VS-300 was on 13 May 1940. The VS-300 was the first successful single lifting rotor helicopter in the United States and the first successful helicopter to use a single vertical-plane tail rotor configuration for antitorque . With floats attached, it became the first practical amphibious helicopter . Igor Sikorsky's quest for

1092-506: A time. On 22–23 January 1945, another rescue by the R-4 involved several legs for refueling and navigating through passes between mountains nearly 10,000 feet (3,000 m) tall, to reach a weather station located at an elevation of 4,700 feet (1,400 m). The higher-than-normal altitude required a downhill run of 20 ft (6.1 m) to get airborne. While the R-4 was being used for rescues in Burma and China, it

1176-529: A tornado struck Camp Shelby, damaging the division's camp and killing one soldier, PVT Vaughn D. Beekman. On his assumption of command of the 38th Division on 30 August 1918, Major General Robert Lee Howze commemorated the tornado by announcing the division would be known in the future as the "Cyclone Division". The division arrived in France in October, at the height of the Meuse–Argonne offensive . Upon arrival,

1260-515: A total authorization of 16,241 officers, non-commissioned officers (NCOs) and soldiers. Despite an aggressive recruiting campaign, the Division's subordinate units were not sufficiently organized to permit Annual Training (AT) at Camp Atterbury until 1948. In 1959, the 38th Infantry Division underwent the first major reorganization since the War, with the regiments converted into Pentomic battle groups by

1344-421: A vertical airfoil surface to the end of the tail to assist anti- torque but this was later removed when it proved to be ineffective. The cyclic control was found to be difficult to perfect, and led to Sikorsky locking the cyclic and adding two smaller vertical-axis lifting rotors to either side aft of the tailboom. By varying pitch of these rotors simultaneously, fore and aft control was provided. Roll control

1428-686: A way of testing the United States' ability to strategically deploy reserves into West Germany in response to a Warsaw Pact invasion. Other elements of the 38th Infantry Division, both company sized units as well as individual Soldiers, have participated in Overseas Deployment for Training missions in Germany, the United Kingdom, Republic of Korea, Japan, and in Central America. With the exception of Company D (Ranger), 151st Infantry, elements of

1512-503: Is a spade shaped shield, bordered in green, with the right half red, the left half blue. Superimposed on the shield is a white monogram "CY" which alludes to the divisional nickname "the Cyclone Division." The distinctive unit insignia (DUI) is in the shape of a clover leaf in memory of the original badge for non-color bearing divisional units. The lightning flashes represent the unit's participation in three World War II campaigns, with

1596-672: Is an infantry division of the United States Army and part of the Indiana National Guard . It is headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana, and contains Army National Guard units from across the Midwest. Formed in 1917, the division's special designation "Cyclone" refers to when the division's training camp at Camp Shelby , Mississippi, was damaged by a tornado. It is also nicknamed "Avengers of Bataan" due to its efforts during

1680-575: Is organized as the division headquarters battalion with the following units: a headquarters and support company, an operations company, an intelligence and sustainment company, and a signal company. 38th Infantry Division exercises command and control of four Army National Guard brigades within Indiana — one infantry brigade combat team, engineer brigade, sustainment brigade, and a combat aviation brigade—and maintains an alignment for training with four Army National Guard brigades outside of Indiana, specifically,

1764-429: The 113th Engineer Regiment , the 113th Sanitary Train, and a separate signal battalion. After constructing their base camp at Camp Shelby, the 38th Infantry Division began training in October. Equipment for training was chronically short, however, forcing leaders to fabricate dummy artillery pieces from wood and iron scrap, while the soldiers drilled with pieces of wood to simulate rifles and machine guns. In April 1918,

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1848-453: The 151st Infantry Regiment ), and National Guard divisions were numbered from 26 through 75. Troops began to arrive at Camp Shelby , Mississippi for training in September. Once there, the 38th Division was organized into a "square" division , centered around two infantry brigades; the 75th Infantry Brigade and the 76th Infantry Brigade , the 138th, 139th, and 163rd Field Artillery Regiments,

1932-594: The American entry into World War I , composed of units drawn from Indiana , Kentucky , and West Virginia . Major General William H. Sage , a Medal of Honor recipient from the Philippine–American War was its first commander. With new naming conventions issued by the War Department , National Guard regiments were given three-digit numbers from 101 through 300 (for example, the 1st Indiana Infantry Regiment became

2016-623: The Armistice with Germany took effect on 11 November 1918. Of the officers and men from the 38th Division detailed to other units, 301 died during the Great War: 105 died in combat; 47 died from wounds; 68 from non-combat accidents or incidents; and 81 from complications arising from influenza or pneumonia. After the end of the World War, the National Guard divisions briefly remained inactive while

2100-571: The Pacific War in World War II . Deployed to France in the closing days of the Great War , the 38th Division was broken up to fill vacancies in units already in combat. After the war, the 38th Division demobilized. After a brief period of inactivity, it was reconstituted and reorganized in the National Guard on 16 March 1923. The 38th Division was inducted into federal service on 17 January 1941 as

2184-707: The 1936 camp, the division participated in the Fifth Corps Area phase of the Second Army maneuvers at Fort Knox. During that maneuver, the 38th Division operated as part of the provisional V Corps against the 10th Infantry Brigade, 5th Division . Additionally, the division staff participated in the Fifth Corps Area command post exercise (CPX) in May 1929 and in the Second Army CPX in September 1938 at Fort Knox. In 1940,

2268-553: The 38th Infantry Division had completed an unbroken stretch of 198 consecutive days in combat, officially killing 26,469 enemy combatants, and taking 1411 Japanese prisoners. Although officially not "engaged in major combat" after 14 August, elements of the division continued to mop up Japanese stragglers in the Luzon area (who usually resisted to the death), until the signing of the VJ Day surrender documents on 2 September 1945. Even after VJ Day,

2352-502: The 38th Infantry Division took part in the combat landing against the Japanese held Southern Zambales Province on the island of Luzon . Afterwards, the 38th Infantry Division took part in the operations to clear Zig Zag Pass and the Bataan peninsula, and to secure Corregidor and Manila Bay. In recognition of their contributions in clearing the Philippines, the 38th Infantry Division received

2436-587: The 38th Infantry Division were not activated for federal service in combat operations from 1945 until Operation Desert Storm in 1990. However, elements of the Division were frequently called up for State Active Duty to support civil authorities in mitigating the effects of natural disasters and civil unrest. Two of the largest callups were for the Perfect Circle strike of 1955 and the Palm Sunday tornado outbreak of April 1965 . Company D (Ranger), 151st Infantry

2520-1124: The 76th Brigade. The equipment deployment from Indiana to JRTC was via river barge, among the largest moves of equipment for Indiana units since World War II. Since 11 September 2001, the 38th Infantry Division has provided headquarters and forces for a variety of operational rotations including Operation Iraqi Freedom (Iraq), Operation Enduring Freedom (Afghanistan and Cuba), Operation Joint Forge (Bosnia), Operation Joint Guardian (Kosovo), Combined Joint Task Force - Horn of Africa (Djibouti), Multinational Force and Observers (Egypt), United States Air Forces Europe (USAFE) Force Protection (England, Germany, Italy, and Belgium), Operation Noble Eagle (Continental United States) Rotations I through IV, Operation Desert Watch and Operation Desert Spring (Kuwait), and Operation Spartan Shield . On 29 August 2005, Hurricane Katrina made final landfall in Mississippi, causing tremendous damage which quickly overwhelmed state agencies. The governor of Mississippi appealed to other states for National Guard units to assist in

2604-590: The Indiana Army National Guard since World War II. The 38th Division Headquarters and Headquarters Battalion (DHHB) mobilized over 600 Soldiers in May 2019 for rotational assignment in Operation Spartan Shield (OSS), to include a departure ceremony at the Indianapolis 500 race prior to mobilization. The 38th Infantry Division Headquarters replaced 34th Infantry Division Headquarters in July 2019, and

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2688-486: The Luzon assault landing recognized by the arrowhead tip in the center flash. The cloud and lightning flashes are an allusion to the cyclone. The colors blue, white and red refer to the Philippine Presidential Unit Citation awarded to the unit for their part in liberating the country. The 38th Infantry Division's headquarters was activated at Camp Shelby on 25 August 1917, almost five months after

2772-618: The Ramadi and Fallujah AOs during some of the most intense fighting of the 2006–07 campaign. One platoon would be assigned under the tactical control of USMC Regimental Combat Teams in the Fallujah AO, with the rest of the company being assigned to the Ready First Brigade in Ramadi. The company would also have a platoon from the Minnesota National Guard under its operational control. When the Ready First Brigade departed Ramadi,

2856-750: The Strategic Reserve to support the Active Army in the event of a full-scale war with the Soviet Union and her satellites. In 1965, the Division was designated part of the Selected Reserve Force , higher priority Reserve Component units that received better equipment and greater funding in order to maintain higher levels of readiness. In 1981, elements of the 38th Infantry Division took part in Exercise REFORGER (Return of Forces to Germany) as

2940-691: The US Department of State, Agriculture, and US Agency for International Development (USAID). While engaged in COIN operations in the Bamyan, Parwan, Panjshir and Kapisa provinces, TF Cyclone worked closely with subordinate Provincial Reconstruction Teams , village elders, district and provincial governors to support reconstruction efforts. By the time TF Cyclone transitioned from the COIN mission, over $ 5 billion in reconstruction projects had taken place with minimal interference from insurgents. In January 2010, TF Cyclone

3024-551: The USN their work with ship-borne autogyros . After her loss in 1942 to a U-boat , she was replaced by SS Daghestan . The first deck-landing trials aboard Daghestan were carried out in 1944. The British received two of the first eight helicopters built. On 5 January 1943, the United States Army Air Forces ordered 29 prototypes. The first three were designated YR-4A and used for evaluation testing. The YR-4A benefited from

3108-555: The United States prepared for entry into World War II. The Division returned to Camp Shelby to reorganize as a triangular infantry division and train for combat. The 38th Infantry Division deployed to the Pacific theater in January 1944, initially to New Guinea where the division saw limited combat after final training. In December, the division deployed into Leyte , Philippines to support clearing and security operations. On 29 January 1945,

3192-550: The United States rapidly demobilized and returned to a peacetime footing. The experiences of the war convinced the War Department and Congress to retain a reserve structure in the event of a future war. A series of amendments to the National Defense Act of 1916 codified the structure of the Army of the United States to include the National Guard when in federal service. Within the text of the final amendment of August 1921

3276-615: The V Corps. Instead of Fort Knox, however, it was ordered to move to Camp Shelby , Mississippi , where it arrived on 26 January 1941. After the division’s initial train-up period, it participated in the V Corps Maneuver 16–27 June 1941 near Camp Beauregard , Louisiana , and in the GHQ Maneuvers in August–September 1941 near Cooper, Louisiana. The 38th Infantry Division arrived in Hawaii on 17 January 1944. It received further training and

3360-606: The War Department issued directives to reconstitute the Army National Guard as an integral part of the Reserve Component which still retained the unique dual nature of the pre-war Guard. First priority under the new plan was the organization and reactivation of eighteen division headquarters, one of which was the 38th Infantry Division. Within Indiana, organizational actions were already in the works led by Indiana Adjutant General Ben H. Watt. By March 1946, Watt submitted

3444-492: The activation of the Headquarters and Special Troops unit of the 38th Infantry Division, which officially organized in Indianapolis on 6 October 1946, and received federal recognition on 5 March 1947. Unlike the pre-war 38th Division, the post-war 38th Infantry Division force structure was allotted entirely to Indiana, and consisted of a triangular structure (three infantry regiments, with three line battalions per regiment) with

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3528-623: The advanced party of the division deployed on 31 August 2005, while the main body departed Indianapolis by convoy on Saturday, 3 September 2005. Organized as Task Force (TF) Cyclone, the Division established command post operations in Gulfport Mississippi, focused on providing local security, road clearance, and delivery of essential humanitarian assistance. By the time TF Cyclone fully assumed mission on 4 September, roughly 7500 Guardsmen were on duty inside Mississippi. Final strength of TF Cyclone peaked at 15,500 on 7 September, with elements of

3612-444: The bulk of the division elements sailed from the Philippines beginning in October. The 38th Infantry Division was directed to Camp Anza, California, for final demobilization and inactivation, which was completed on 9 November 1945. For a time, the 38th Infantry Division remained inactivated while debate raged within the federal government as to the size, scope and even the necessity for a separate Army National Guard. In October 1945,

3696-622: The capturing or killing of numerous insurgents, and significant improvements in local and provincial governance. The Headquarters of the 38th Infantry Division was awarded the Meritorious Unit Commendation (MUC) in recognition Task Force Cyclone's accomplishments in support of Operation Enduring Freedom. Two teams from the 38th Infantry Division also mobilized in 2016–2017 in support of operations at Joint Task Force-Guantanamo Bay, Cuba as part of contingency operations of Operation Enduring Freedom. From October 2006 to September 2007,

3780-465: The company would be assigned to a new brigade, 1st Brigade, 3rd Infantry Division (Raider Brigade), and it would participate in major clearing operations during the Surge of 2007. The company had many soldiers who committed numerous acts of heroism that have not been truly known to this day. The unit is second only to Company D Rangers for being the most decorated and combat experienced company sized element in

3864-580: The concept of rotary-wing flight, Sikorsky was the first to introduce a single engine to power both the main and tail rotor systems. The only previous successful attempt at a single-lift rotor helicopter, the Yuriev-Cheremukhin TsAGI-1EA  [ ru ] in 1931 in the Soviet Union, used a pair of uprated, Russian-built Gnome Monosoupape rotary engines of 120 hp each for its power. For later flights of his VS-300, Sikorsky also added

3948-551: The decisive COIN mission, the 38th Infantry Division would assume responsibility for operating the mayor cells at Bagram Airbase and five other forward operating bases ( FOBs ). After a period of pre-mobilization training, the divisional element (organized as Task Force Cyclone under the command of Brigadier General Joseph Lonnie Culver ) deployed via Manis Airbase in Kyrgyzstan to Bagram airfield and completed Transfer of Authority (TOA) on 31 August 2009. TF Cyclone assumed control of

4032-421: The designation of later prototypes as YR-4B, which were used for service testing and flight training. United Aircraft announced on 5 November 1944 that the one hundredth helicopter had been completed, and that the production rate had reached five every six days. Following the explosion and sinking in January 1944 of USS Turner , U.S. Coast Guard Commander Frank Erickson flew the first U.S. helicopter rescue in

4116-552: The division commander. Tyndall well embodied the citizen-soldier concept. During the World War, Tyndall earned the Distinguished Service Medal and Croix de Guerre for his successful combat leadership of the 150th Field Artillery. In peacetime, he served as a bank vice-president and was deeply engaged in the organization of the American Legion . The majority of the divisional structure was allotted to Indiana, with

4200-438: The division engaged in missions until transfer of authority back to Mississippi began on 15 September 2005. In 2009, the 38th Infantry Division headquarters was alerted to deploy a command and control element to Afghanistan to replace an outgoing maneuver enhancement brigade (MEB) 1-star headquarters conducting full-spectrum counterinsurgency operations ( COIN ) within Bamyan, Parwan, Panjshir and Kapisa provinces. In addition to

4284-478: The division was largely stripped of officers and men, who served as replacements for other units of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) already in combat. Several of the regiments remained intact and conducted operations behind friendly lines. The 113th Engineer Battalion constructed railroads, telegraph and telephone wires. The 138th and 139th Field Artillery took part in collective training when

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4368-477: The division would be known as the "Avengers of Bataan", a tribute often attributed to General Douglas MacArthur . After the end of World War II, the 38th Infantry Division briefly remained in the Philippines pending a decision as to whether or not the division would remain on occupation duty. Instead, the division was alerted on 15 September 1945 that it was to return to the United States and demobilize. Major General Irving and key staffers flew from Manila, while

4452-464: The division's combat outposts continued to net prisoners until the division was officially relieved on 5 October 1945. In the final tally, the 38th Infantry Division fought against more than 80,000 Japanese, killing 26,732 and ultimately taking more than 13,000 prisoners. For its swift clearing of the Bataan peninsula in 19 days of bloody combat, division commander Major General William C. Chase, ordered that

4536-588: The divisional headquarters established in Indianapolis. Besides the headquarters, the 76th Infantry Brigade (with the 151st and 152nd Infantry Regiments), 139th and 150th Field Artillery Regiments, and the 113th Engineer Regiment were allotted solely to Indiana. Kentucky organized the 75th Infantry Brigade (149th Infantry Regiment; the 150th Infantry was earmarked for West Virginia) and the 138th Field Artillery Regiment. The medical, quartermaster, and division special troops elements were divided among Indiana and Kentucky. The designated mobilization training center for

4620-768: The domestic all-hazards response team (DART) mission in support of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) in the event of a major incident in the eastern half of the United States. Most recently the 38th Infantry Division headquarters deployed in support of Operation Spartan Shield (OSS) in 2019 and 2020. Operation Spartan Shield includes operations in Kuwait, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Qatar and United Arab Emirates (UAE). 38th Infantry Division Soldiers have also supported COVID-19 relief operations, as well as civil disturbance operations in Indianapolis and Washington, D.C. The division's shoulder sleeve insignia (SSI)

4704-617: The duty of the defense of Oahu . The division embarked from Hawaii to New Guinea, where the combat elements conducted final combat rehearsals (made realistic by the presence of bypassed Japanese troops) from July to November 1944. Once rehearsals were complete, the 38th Infantry Division sailed for Leyte , landing in December 1944. Enemy paratroops attempted to capture the Buri, Bayug, and San Pablo airstrips on 6 December. The 149th Infantry Regiment destroyed organized resistance, 11 December, and defended

4788-539: The enemy's withdrawal route. The Division moved to the area east of Manila , 1 May, and attacked enemy forces behind the Shimbu Line. By 30 June effective enemy opposition had been broken, although the division remained engaged in active combat operations until 14 August 1945 when President Harry S. Truman announced Japan's acceptance of the Potsdam Declaration and unconditional surrender. As of 14 August 1945,

4872-463: The entire “Cyclone” Division again participated in the Second Army maneuvers, this time near Camp McCoy , Wisconsin . In addition to summer training, the entire division, less the West Virginia elements, was called up for flood relief duty in January and February 1937 when the Ohio River overflowed in one of the worst floods in its history . The “Cyclone” Division was inducted into active federal service at home stations on 17 January 1941 and assigned to

4956-413: The former Yugoslavia. Also in 1998 the 76th Infantry Brigade (Separate) was selected to participate in a training deployment in the summer of 2000 to the Joint Readiness Training Center (JRTC) at Fort Polk, LA. The 38th Division Support Command (DISCOM) supported the JRTC rotation by operating the logistics support area (LSA), while many units within the division provided equipment and manpower to support

5040-427: The inclusion of fire support and logistics elements as organic parts of the combat formation. In 1968, the division was the first reserve organization to reorganize under the Army's Reorganization Objective of the Army Division ( ROAD ) concept, which included three brigade headquarters tailored by the attachment of combat and support battalions. Accompanying the ROAD reorganization was the return to multi-state aspect of

5124-425: The largest combat helicopter operation before the Korean War. On June 15, 1945, the Fifth Air Force received a request from the 38th Infantry Division to evacuate two soldiers with head injuries from a spot 35 miles (56 km) east of Manila . Carle flew one of his ship's Sikorsky R-4 helicopters and landed near the front lines, much to the amazement of the soldiers, who had never seen a helicopter. The helicopter

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5208-410: The morning of 4 July 2010. Among some of TF Cyclone's major accomplishments: conduct of more than 7000 combat patrols, including 107 enemy contacts and 73 tactical vehicle recoveries, oversight of more than $ 3 billion in new construction, support to the Afghan National Government in conducting national elections, the saving of more than 300 Afghan civilians following a major avalanche in Parwan province,

5292-534: The nickname "The Avengers of Bataan". Quickly demobilized after World War II, the 38th Infantry Division was reorganized and federally recognized on 5 March 1947 at Indianapolis , Indiana. During the intervening years, the 38th Infantry Division underwent numerous reorganizations while still retaining the designation as an infantry division. The 38th Infantry Division headquarters mobilized in support of Hurricane Katrina relief operations in 2005, exercising command and control over all National Guard elements deployed in

5376-408: The pre-war division, with the division headquarters, divisional artillery, and the 76th Infantry Brigade stationed in Indiana, with the remaining two infantry brigades organized in Ohio and Michigan. In 1994, the division headquarters reorganized as a mechanized infantry division headquarters, a designation which it retained until 2008. During the Cold War , the 38th Infantry Division formed part of

5460-595: The removal of the two vertical tail rotors, in 1941, when a new cyclic control system gave it much-improved flight behavior. In 1943, the VS-300 was retired to the Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, Michigan. It has been on display there ever since, except for a trip back to the Sikorsky Aircraft plant for restoration in 1985. Data from General characteristics Performance Related development Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era Related lists 38th Infantry Division (United States) World War II The 38th Infantry Division

5544-445: The response. The rapid influx of Guard units from various states, although sorely needed, overwhelmed the Mississippi National Guard's ability to coordinate the military efforts. Accordingly, National Guard Bureau activated the headquarters of the 38th Infantry Division on 30 August to deploy to Mississippi and assist the Mississippi Adjutant General (TAG) with command and control efforts. Commanded by Major General (MG) Gregory Vadnais,

5628-450: The same plane and vibrated excessively. The cyclic made continuous small orbits, vibrating continuously. There was no governor to control rotor speed, and the pilot had to correlate the throttle continuously with collective pitch inputs. The Chicago Tribune reported on Carle's efforts to transport the wounded. They wrote that the "control stick shakes like a jackhammer, and the pilot must hold it tightly at all times. Should he relax for even

5712-428: The seven existing camps, and the streamlining of logistics and contracting processes in Kabul. In June 2010, TF Cyclone conducted relief in place operations with the 196th Maneuver Enhancement Brigade, and executed Transfer of Authority on 30 June 2010. After transiting Kyrgyzstan, TF Cyclone returned to Indianapolis, Indiana, on 02 July 2010 . The unit proceeded to Camp Atterbury, Indiana and finished demobilization on

5796-440: The southern tip of the peninsula, 15 February, other units pushed down the east coast road to Pilar and across the neck of land to Bagac along the route of the March of Death. The Bataan Peninsula was secured on 21 February, although mopping-up activities remained. The 38th Infantry Division's rapid drive across the peninsula was critical to MacArthur's campaign plan by preventing a Japanese withdrawal into Bataan - thereby avoiding

5880-515: The state of Mississippi. Since 11 September 2001, units of the division have participated in Operation Enduring Freedom (in Kuwait, Afghanistan, the Balkans, Cuba, and the Horn of Africa) and Operation Iraqi Freedom . In 2009, the 38th Infantry Division provided a headquarters element (designated Task Force Cyclone) to command and control counterinsurgency operations in Regional Command East , Afghanistan from August 2009 through June 2010. The 38th Infantry Division headquarters had responsibility for

5964-502: The strips until relieved, 4 January 1945. The division landed in the San Narciso area in Southern Zambales Province, Luzon , 29 January 1945, without opposition. The San Marcelino airstrip was secured on the same day and the port facilities at Olongapo were captured on the 30th as well as Grande Island in Subic Bay after an amphibious landing. Driving west of Olongapo the 38th destroyed an intricate maze of enemy fortifications in Zig-Zag Pass . While elements landed at Mariveles on

6048-468: The unit became an expeditionary force with members from all companies in the battalion, and was renamed Headquarters, and Headquarters Company (-), and would come to be known as "Team Gator". Upon arrival in Al Anbar Province, the unit was operationally assigned to the 1st Brigade, 1st Armored Division's "Ready First Combat Team" and conducted extensive joint patrols and enemy clearing operations in both

6132-513: The world endurance record held by the Focke-Wulf Fw 61 , by staying aloft for 1 hour 32 minutes and 26.1 seconds. A two-seater version was delivered to the US Army in May 1942. The final variant of the VS-300 was powered by a 150 hp Franklin engine. The VS-300 was one of the first helicopters capable of carrying cargo. The VS-300 was modified over a two-year period, including

6216-423: The “Cyclone Division” was Camp Knox , Kentucky, where much of the division’s training activities occurred between the wars. The 38th Division was fortunate in that it was one of the few multistate divisions that had the opportunity to train together each summer prior to World War II, and the entire division (except West Virginia’s 150th Infantry) conducted its summer camp most years at Camp Knox from 1923 to 1939. For

6300-483: Was alerted to a change of mission to establish an area support group (ASG) over the Kabul base cluster. On 1 April 2010, TF Cyclone conducted a transfer of authority (TOA) with Task Force Wolverine ( 86th Infantry Brigade Combat Team ) and assumed control over seven bases in the Kabul area. During the time period in control of the Kabul base cluster, TF Cyclone oversaw the construction of four new base camps, refurbishing of

6384-561: Was also being used to ferry parts between floating Aviation Repair Units (part of Operation Ivory Soap ) in the South Pacific. On 23 May 1944, six ships set sail with two R-4s on board each vessel. The ships had been configured as floating repair depots for damaged Army Air Forces aircraft in the South Pacific. When the helicopters were not being used to fly the parts from one location to another, they were enlisted for medical evacuation and other mercy missions. Helicopter pilot 2LT Louis Carle

6468-659: Was assigned to the Brigadier General Clinton W. Russell , the Fifth Aircraft Repair Unit. From June 15 to July 29, 1945, Carle and five other pilots evacuated 75 to 80 wounded soldiers, one or two at a time, from the highlands northeast of Manila. They were the second group of helicopter pilots after Lieutenant Carter Harman to evacuate wounded via helicopter during World War II. Unlike Harman, they were targeted by Japanese soldiers who tried to shoot them down with machine guns. Their six-week effort constitutes

6552-461: Was awarded a Meritorious Unit Commendation for this deployment. At least 25,000 National Guard men and women were activated to assist with the security of Washington D.C. in the days after the January 6 United States Capitol attack . Hundreds of 38th Infantry Division Soldiers were present during the inauguration of Joe Biden on January 20, 2021. [REDACTED] The 38th Infantry Division headquarters

6636-516: Was not configured to handle stretchers, and they removed a seat and placed the wounded man on the aircraft floor. Carle flew the soldier to the 311th General Field Hospital near Manila. Once word got out of their availability, they were called on again and again. Carle flew seven hours and made six evacuations on the same day. In Royal Air Force service, the R-4 was called the Hoverfly . The Helicopter Training School, formed January 1945 at RAF Andover ,

6720-633: Was primarily based out of Kuwait, but also had a tactical command post (TAC) in Jordan as well as Eskan Village, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Soldiers of the 38th Infantry Division conducted multiple engagements and exercises with military partners in the Persian Gulf . As well, the Division deterred aggression in the Persian Gulf and in support of Combined Joint Task Force - Operation Inherent Resolve (CJTF-OIR) in both Iraq and Syria. 38th Infantry Division headquarters

6804-411: Was provided by differential pitching of the blades. In this configuration, it was found that the VS-300 could not fly forward easily and Sikorsky joked about turning the pilot's seat around. Sikorsky fitted utility floats (also called pontoons) to the VS-300 and performed a water landing and takeoff on 17 April 1941, making it the first practical amphibious helicopter . On 6 May 1941, the VS-300 beat

6888-486: Was the first British military unit to be equipped with the helicopter. Many RAF Hoverfly Mark Is were transferred to the Royal Navy for training and one was used in 1945–46 by Fairey Aviation to develop rotor systems for their Gyrodyne helicopter. The helicopter was difficult to fly. The aircraft's blades were made of wood ribs around a steel spar and covered with doped fabric. The blades were difficult to keep rotating in

6972-555: Was the provision to "preserve the names, numbers and other designations, flags and records of the divisions...that served in the World War". At the company level, the first units were organized by spring 1921; by November 1921 the Indiana National Guard had approximately 4,000 soldiers in an active drilling status. Higher-level actions took longer, with the 38th Division headquarters not organized and federally recognized until March 1923, with Major General Robert H. Tyndall as

7056-671: Was the sole divisional element (and one of a small number of National Guard units) mobilized for service in the Republic of Vietnam and was one of the most highly decorated units to serve in that conflict. In 1996, over 7,000 soldiers from the 38th Infantry Division (from Indiana , Ohio , and Michigan ) supported the Centennial Olympic Games in Atlanta , Georgia. In 1996-1997, Echo Battery (Target Acquisition) 139th Field Artillery deployed to Bosnia as part of peacekeeping operations in

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