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78-491: Sierra La Esmeralda anchors the southern portion of the Tumacacori Highlands . The range is part of a Sky Island Alliance study of wild cats, called Cuatros Gatos , (Four Cats). Nogales, Arizona and Nogales, Sonora lie at the northeast of the range. The Tumacacori Highlands is a series of connected mountain ranges in western Santa Cruz County, Arizona. The Highlands are northwest of Nogales and are bordered on

156-539: A Carnival similar to those celebrated in Europe. Guaymas’ first carnival is recorded in book called El Viejo Guaymas (Old Guaymas) written by Alfonso Iberri. It was one of the first to take place in Mexico. In 1888, the first Carnival Queen was María Zuber and the first King was Alfredo Díaz Velasco. The King and Queen were paraded on the streets of Guaymas in a coach, followed by coaches carrying their entourage. The event ended with

234-557: A French incursion in 1854. The most famous person in this plaza is León Riso, who has spent fifty-five years here selling homemade ice cream. The Moorish style kiosk in the center has deteriorated due to the humidity. The town's main church, San Fernando, built in the 19th century, faces this plaza. The other major plaza is the Plaza de los Tres Presidentes with statues of Plutarco Elías Calles , Adolfo de la Huerta and Abelardo L. Rodríguez all of whom are from near Guaymas. Facing this plaza

312-708: A fishing tournament each year in July called the Torneo de Pesca de San Carlos . San Carlos also has an aquarium dedicated to dolphins and sea lions, which perform shows. The most notable peak in San Carlos is called the Tetacawi or Teta de Cabra, which appears to have two horns. Teta de Cabra means “goat’s udder” which it is supposed to resemble. Other sports that can be practiced here include kayaking, sailing, jetskiing, snorkeling, scuba diving, mountain biking and hiking. San Pedro Island off

390-577: A grand ball that night. Initially, the Carnival event was restricted to the upper classes. The lower classes watched the annual parade, but the most important events were the balls given at various mansions. This tradition continued until the Mexican Revolution . In 1913, Álvaro Obregón took control of the port, and the war devastated the area economically. Many of the businesspeople had sided with Porfirio Díaz and had to leave. The city wanted to keep

468-439: A high price in the international market, and makes Guaymense fishing very dependent on the conditions of this market. 80 percent of fishermen in coastal communities originate from the same region where they fish; 15 percent come from other localities of the state, and about 5 percent from other states, particularly Sinaloa and Nayarit. Today fishing is considered the main activity generating employment and providing good income to

546-485: A location in the Mexican state of Sonora is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Nogales, Arizona Nogales ( Spanish: [noˈɣales] ; English: / n ə ˈ ɡ ɑː l ɪ s / or / n oʊ ˈ ɡ ɑː l eɪ s / ) is a city in and the county seat of Santa Cruz County, Arizona . The population was 20,837 at the 2010 census and estimated 20,103 in 2019. Nogales forms part of

624-815: A major road intersection in the CANAMEX Corridor , connecting Canada, the United States, and Mexico. Nogales also is the beginning of the Arizona Sun Corridor , an economically important trade region stretching from Nogales to Prescott , including the Tucson and Phoenix metropolitan areas. Nogales is home to four international ports of entry, including the Morley Pedestrian Port of Entry , Dennis Deconcini Pedestrian and Passenger Vehicle Port of Entry , Union Pacific rail, Nogales International Airport , and

702-558: A multi-day parade with floats and the election of the King and Queen of the Carnival. The history of Carnival in Guaymas begins after the Reform War and French Intervention in Mexico , when Guaymas and the rest of the country experienced a period of peace and economic development. The success of Guaymas’ port attracted a number of European immigrants and visitors. They brought the idea of organizing

780-436: A number of historical attractions. Buildings in the historic center have a mix of Neoclassical and Moorish facades, however many are in disrepair. The city has two main plazas, one called 13 de Julio, which is nicknamed the “plaza de los flojos” (lazy men's plaza) for the large number of people who relax there. In the 13 de Julio Plaza there is a monument commemorating the defense of Guaymas by General José María Yáñez against

858-519: A single vote on the city council. The council then hires a city manager to run the day-to-day operations of the city. The 6 city council members are elected at-large to 4-year terms. Nogales is located at the south end of Interstate 19 . Arizona State Route 189 connects Interstate 19 with the Nogales-Mariposa Port of Entry and Mexican Federal Highway 15 . Arizona State Route 82 connects Nogales with Patagonia and Sonoita . Interstate 11

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936-479: A transport infrastructure consisting of a road network of 986.8 kilometers, being the Federal Highway 15 main line of communication, of which 118.2 correspond to the main network, 184.6 to the network 684 kilometres are rural or neighborhood roads. It also has a branch of railway lines of 4.5 kilometers, an international airport, 8 runways and a port with a total docking length of 17,234 meters distributed between

1014-479: A variety of industries. Construction related to the port is also a major employer. Some mining occurs here, mostly graphite , with some small quantities of gold, silver and lead. The most important economic activity in the municipality is fishing. Most fish the waters of the Gulf but some are involved in aquaculture. Species sold include sardines, shrimp, and squid. In rural parts of Guaymas’ coast, fishing employs over 80% of

1092-516: Is Guaymas de Zaragoza and the city's formal name is the Heroica Ciudad de Guaymas. The city proper is mostly an industrial port and is the principal port for the state of Sonora. The city has a well-attended annual carnival, which has been held since 1888. Nearby, San Carlos and its beaches are major tourist attractions. Before the arrival of the Europeans, the bay of Guaymas was dominated by

1170-498: Is also host to ghost towns and mining camps, curio shops, first-class restaurants and night clubs. The Santa Cruz County Historical Courthouse on Morley Street/Court Street has the statue of Lady Justice on top of the building. The Nogales version of Lady Justice is not wearing a blindfold. Interesting architecture and historical homes along Crawford and Court Streets provide a glimpse of border life at its peak during that time period. A day trip to old Nogales, Sonora reveals many of

1248-476: Is burned. Each year, the effigy represents something different. In past years, the effigy has represented the figures of Carlos Salinas de Gortari , Vicente Fox , George H. W. Bush , Mexico's value added tax and lack of water. In 2009, the effigy was of singer Julio Preciado for his poor interpretation of Mexico's national anthem at the recent Serie del Caribe baseball tournament. Other major events include concerts by regionally and nationally known artists,

1326-571: Is called the Ostioneros. [4] The city once had ferry service to/from Santa Rosalía , Baja California Sur , although it was suspended during the COVID-19 pandemic and as of 2022 there are no plans to resume service. There is an international airport . As it is between the sea and ranching country, the city's cuisine includes both seafood and beef specialties such as fish tacos and carne asada Guaymas holds one of Mexico's major Carnival celebrations, and

1404-572: Is cattle, with goats coming second. However, cattle production has decreased somewhat, with pig and domestic fowl increasing. The most important industry is related to processing fish products, such as canning and freezing, all located in the city proper. A relatively large number of manufacturing operations controlled by foreign companies maquiladoras have opened here employing over 11,000 people, producing precision machined components for aerospace engines, electrical and mechanical components for automobiles, medical devices, and plastic injection molding for

1482-571: Is found in coastal groves. Other species such as Perityle have been long noted at Guaymas. Desert animals such as the desert tortoise, chameleon, puma, rattlesnakes and others are the main wildlife. Almost all agriculture here is irrigated, and depends on wells and the Ignacio Alatorre Dam located in the Guaymas Valley. Fields here yield wheat, soybeans , safflower , corn, cotton with some fruit trees. The most important livestock here

1560-607: Is heavily dependent on the cross-border trade through its Ports of Entry by produce distributors and American-based manufacturing plants in Nogales, Sonora and throughout the rest of the Mexican states of Sonora and Sinaloa. Most of Nogales' economy is based on agribusiness and produce distributors, which comes from large farms in the Mexican agri-belt. Despite its small population, Nogales actually receives much patronage from its bordering sister-city, Nogales, Sonora, Mexico. Most observers guess

1638-446: Is less hot and more rainy than a typical arid climate such as Phoenix. In the winter months, Nogales averages daily maximum temperatures in the mid to upper 60s, with December averaging daily highs of around 65 °F (18 °C). Lows typically settle just above the freezing mark (32 °F or 0 °C) on a majority of nights, but it is not uncommon to see temperatures tumble below 25 °F (−4 °C) on some winter nights. On

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1716-562: Is located on 135 W. Cardwell St. The United States Department of Homeland Security is a major economic driver in the Ambos Nogales region, with thousands of employees working for both the Border Patrol and Customs and Border Protection. Due to the large federal, state, and local police presence, Nogales has one of the highest police per-capita levels in the United States. The largest employers in Nogales are: The county of Santa Cruz and

1794-506: Is located on the Gulf of California and the western edge of the Sonoran Desert and has a hot, dry climate and 117 kilometres (73 mi) of beaches. Guaymas has a desert climate ( Köppen climate classification BWh ), with hot summers and warm winters. Precipitation peaks during the monsoon months of July to September. Guaymas is an industrial and shrimp-fishing port which has conserved

1872-462: Is named the Rey Feo (Ugly King). Over time, the new plaza was no longer large enough to hold the event, and an admission charge was instituted. Security was instituted as well as checkpoints for weapons. The coronation of a Gay King was begun, and the number of floats participating in the parade grew. As municipal seat, the city of Guaymas is the governing authority for more than 1,500 other communities,

1950-504: Is one of the oldest in the country. The annual event begins on the Thursday before Ash Wednesday and ends at the stroke of midnight of the beginning of Lent . Events are held in several locations with a number of events, such as the yearly parade, extending over multiple days. It begins with the Quema del malhumor or Hoguera, when an effigy of something or someone who has displeased the public

2028-686: Is operated by the Mexican Space Agency . As a major link in the NASA 's worldwide Manned Space Flight Network , the Guaymas Tracking Station, built in 1961, played a key role in tracking American manned space flights in the Mercury , Gemini , and Apollo programs through Apollo 13 . The U.S. discontinued its use on November 30, 1970 due to changes in the Apollo mission profile which no longer required

2106-485: Is proposed to replace I-19, terminating in Nogales. Santa Cruz County operates the Nogales International Airport , a general use airport. Local bus transportation in Nogales is currently provided by local companies. Private bus companies Greyhound and TUFESA , as well as several shuttle companies, connect Nogales with Tucson and points north. Many dozens of motion pictures have been filmed around

2184-632: Is the Municipal Palace and a small concrete pier with the Statue of the Fisherman, on which is the lyrics of the song “La Barca de Guaymas.” This statue is considered to be emblematic to the city. Other landmarks include the old Bank of Sonora building with its Neoclassical facade, the old jailhouse built in 1900, the Casa de las Conchas (House of Shells), which has a large collection on display and for sale, and

2262-476: Is the most important activity and main source of income; with large installed capacity for capture, processing, and commercialization. Guaymense fishing employs 11,800 people in the catch, and another 325 are engaged in aquaculture. It contributes 70% of the total Sonora state fisheries production, with the main species caught being sardine, shrimp and squid. It has 175 kilometers of coastline including important bays such as Guaymas, Lobos, San Carlos (Mexico) and

2340-675: The Portsmouth , the Congress , the Dale and the Argos anchored near Isla Pájaros and Isla Almagre Grande. The ships fired on and captured the town, keeping it in U.S. hands from 1847 to 1848. In the mid-19th century, Guaymas was the target of several filibusters , or unauthorized military expeditions from foreign nations, designed to foment rebellion. One was by the crew of the English sailing vessel Challenge and

2418-408: The 19th century, the village was settled by farmers and ranchers holding large properties but having no market for their products. Farming was on a subsistence level. In 1811, commercial maritime traffic was authorized. Guaymas received the name San Fernando de Guaymas in 1820 and customs was established in 1823. Ships visited the bay intermittently, and there was one customs house. During this era, it

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2496-465: The 73rd Annual Academy Awards in 2001. Guaymas Guaymas ( Spanish pronunciation: [ˈwajmas] ) is a city in Guaymas Municipality , in the southwest part of the state of Sonora , in northwestern Mexico. The city is 134 kilometres (83 mi) south of the state capital of Hermosillo , and 389 kilometres (242 mi) from the U.S. border . The municipality's formal name

2574-598: The Casa de Cultura (Cultural Center), which offers classes and workshops in various arts. Institutes of higher education in the city include the Instituto Tecnológico de Guaymas [1] Archived 2009-12-13 at the Wayback Machine , the Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Guaymas [2] and the Universidad TecMilenio Guaymas [3] Baseball is a popular sport in this city. The local professional team

2652-470: The French ship La Belle , commanded by Count Gastón Raousett-Boulbón , who intended to control all of Sonora. The French attacked the city on 13 July 1854, but the port was successfully defended by José María Yáñez . A firing squad executed the count soon afterwards. The national government elevated the town to city status as a reward for this action in 1859. In 1935 Guaymas received the title of "heroic city" for

2730-444: The Guaymas station. Equipment designed especially for support of the Apollo program was removed, but other equipment was left for support of Mexican space activities and future programs of mutual interest to Mexican scientists and NASA. According to local sources the station was abandoned shortly after the conclusion of the Apollo program and has been used recently as a warehouse for agricultural stores. The municipality of Guaymas has

2808-768: The Guaymas, Seri and Yaqui tribes. In 1539, two Spanish ships, the Santa Águeda and the Trinidad , arrived in Guaymas Bay. They were commanded by Francisco de Ulloa , who called the area "the port of ports." Some small Jesuit missions were founded in the 1610s and 1620s, when Jesuits founded eight mission villages with the Yaqui. The Seri strongly opposed the European settlements and resisted fiercely until 1769. Juan María de Salvatierra and Eusebio Kino asked for permission to evangelize

2886-502: The Herradura. The municipality has more than 83% of the docks operating in the State. The fleet consists of 359 shrimp vessels, 32 sardineras, 3 escameras and 910 smaller vessels, for a total of 1,304. 55 percent of catches are sold in the State, and the remaining 45 per cent has as its final destination other parts of Mexico and the foreign market. Foreign exports are mostly shrimp, which has

2964-479: The Isaacson post office but renamed it as Nogales in 1883. In 1915, according to historian David Leighton, Sonora Gov. Jose M. Maytorena ordered the construction of an 11-wire fence, separating Nogales, Sonora from Nogales, Arizona, but it was taken down four months later. On August 27, 1918, a battle between United States Army forces and Mexican militia – mostly civilian in composition – took place. Culminating as

3042-461: The Mariposa Port of Entry. The Nogales-Mariposa Port of Entry has twelve passenger vehicle inspection lanes and eight commercial inspection lanes. Due to its location on the border and its major ports of entry, Nogales funnels an estimated $ 30 billion worth of international trade into Arizona and the United States, per year, in fresh produce and manufactured goods from Mexico and the world through

3120-557: The Mátape and the Bácum which empty into estuaries on the Gulf. The municipality has a hot, dry climate with maximum temperatures averaging 31C and minimum temperatures averaging 18C. Maximum temperatures can reach 50C during the summers and from June to October ocean temperatures are in the 80sF. Most of the territory is covered with mesquite trees and cactus. It is also the home of the endangered California Fan Palm , and Washingtonia filifera

3198-589: The Nogales area. The Hangover Part III (2013) was partially filmed in Nogales during late 2012. Parts of town were decorated to appear to be Tijuana, Mexico. Dog (2022) was partially set in Nogales, as the location for the funeral scene at the end, although these scenes were filmed in Los Angeles , California . Georges Simenon 's novel The Bottom of the Bottle is set in Nogales. A small part of William Gibson 's short story, "The Gernsback Continuum" refers to

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3276-420: The age of 18 living with them, 47.9% were married couples living together, 24.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.5% were non-families. 15.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.12 and the average family size was 3.62. In the city, the population was spread out, with 34.6% under

3354-460: The age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 25.5% from 25 to 44, 19.5% from 45 to 64, and 10.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.3 males. The median income for a household in the city was $ 28,044, and the median income for a family was $ 24,637. Males had a median income of $ 24,636 versus $ 18,403 for females. The per capita income for

3432-576: The aircraft Sonora . Modern port facilities were built in 1925 for the Mexican navy. In 1942 a commercial pier and warehouse were built at La Ardilla. Guaymas' importance as a port grew in the 1950s, and in 1961, a pier for the national oil company PEMEX was built. A naval ship repair station, called the Varadero Nacional, and silos for the export of grain, called the Almacenes Nacional de Depósito, were built in 1964. Ferry connection with

3510-473: The annual Carnival tradition. Various social clubs vied for control over the event, especially the naming of the Carnival Queen. The queen was determined by which group provided the most money for Carnival events, which led to widespread cheating and scandals, especially in the year 1927, when the military had to get involved to keep order. The goal of the fundraising was to decorate the 13 de Julio Plaza, as

3588-614: The area, which was received in 1697. In 1701, Salvatierra established the Loreto mission somewhat inland of Guaymas Bay. To receive supplies by ship and evangelize the Guaymas Indians, the Jesuits founded another small mission on the bay, called San José de Guaymas . It was headed by Manuel Diaz. The Seri repeatedly attacked the San José mission, forcing it to be rebuilt several times. This mission

3666-458: The average annual precipitation for Nogales to about 15 in (380 mm). Some monsoon season storms are capable of producing several inches of rain in a short amount of time, creating flash flood hazards. At the Nogales 6 N station, the all-time highest recorded temperature was 112 °F (44 °C), which was reached on June 26, 1990. The lowest recorded temperature was −4 °F (−20 °C) on December 8, 1978. The economy of Nogales

3744-713: The bootheel contains Cobre Ridge , and it is connected northwest to a small range, the San Luis Mountains which are in the southeast of the Altar Valley , and borders the Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge . Historical mission communities, at Tumacacori National Historical Park , in Tumacacori, Arizona lie at the southeast foothills of the Tumacacori Mountains. This article about

3822-519: The city of Santa Rosalía, Baja California Sur was established in 1972. In the 1980s, private construction projects further enlarged the port, including facilities built by the Compañía Mexicana de Cobre, Cementos Tolteca and Compañía Mexicana de Ácido Sulfúrico. Due to changes in Mexican maritime law, a private company under contract to the government, Administración Portuaria Integral de Guaymas, took over port operations in 1995. The municipality

3900-447: The city of Guaymas had a population of 113,082 inhabitants. The total municipal population has 149,299 inhabitants in its approximately 42 localities and approximately 310 ejidos and rancherías . As a municipality stand out: 113,082 of its municipal headoffice (Guaymas), Vícam with 9,364, Pótam with 6,417, and San Carlos with 2,264. Main producer and exporter of honey in Mexico, with quality and international recognition. It

3978-529: The city of Guaymas. It contains a very tall cactus that is approximately 500 years old. Here, the Barajitas Canyon is also a natural reserve, with three ecosystems and considered a sacred place by the Seri Indians. The canyon is accessible only by boat. The Guaymas-Empalme station for space observations is about 10 km (6 mi) east of Empalme, Sonora , adjacent to Mexican Federal Highway No. 15. It

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4056-676: The city of Nogales have 200 properties listed in the National Register of Historic Sites, including Tumacacori National Monument first visited by Father Eusebio Kino in 1691 and Tubac Presidio, established by the Spanish in 1752 on an Indian village site. Others include the Old Tubac Schoolhouse, Old Nogales City Hall, Santa Cruz County Courthouse, and Patagonia Railroad Depot. The Patagonia-Sonoita Creek Sanctuary, 19 miles east, attracts worldwide visitors to see its diverse bird life. It

4134-577: The city of Nogales. It is also mentioned as a border crossing point in Carlos Castaneda 's Don Juan series, and a gateway into the Mexican Yaqui communities of Sonora. Nogales is discussed at length in the popular political economics book Why Nations Fail , comparing the relative success of Nogales, Arizona, to the poverty of Nogales, Sonora . Oscar winner Benicio del Toro dedicated his award to Ambos Nogales during his acceptance speech at

4212-508: The city was $ 14,440. About 30.8% of families and 32.7% of the population were below the poverty line , including 41.2% of those under age 18 and 32.9% of those age 65 or over. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 20.8 sq mi (54 km ), all land. The city is at an elevation of 3,829 ft (1,167 m). Nogales has a semi-arid steppe climate ( Köppen BSh/BSk ), which

4290-475: The city with flights on two commercial passenger airlines. The indigenous presence in the municipality is of great importance, since it has 11,394 inhabitants who speak an indigenous language, which represent 8% of the total population of the municipality. The most common indigenous language is Yaqui Language , which accounts for 10,779 (94.6%) of the total. According to the Population and Housing Count of 2010,

4368-406: The city. Sister cities such as El Segundo, California and Mesa, Arizona were invited to participate. After the inauguration of the Plaza de los Tres Presidentes, the event was moved to this larger plaza, which allowed for carnival rides and concerts by regionally and nationally known artists. The use of masks was banned due to violence. The traditional queen is now popularly elected, and the King

4446-514: The city. The population density was 1,002.1 inhabitants per square mile (386.9/km ). There were 6,501 housing units at an average density of 312.0/sq mi (120.5/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 71.7% White , 0.4% Black or African American , 0.6% Native American , 0.6% Asian , 0.0% Pacific Islander , 24.3% from other races , and 2.4% from two or more races. 95.0% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 6,362 households, out of which 38.8% had children under

4524-520: The coast is popular for snorkeling, scubadiving and visiting the sea lions that live there. The Bacochibambo or Miramar Bay also attracts some tourism. In this bay there is a pearl growing facility, the only one of its kind in the Americas. Pearls from here come in a range of colors such as grey, gold, bronze, olive green, black and pink. On land, there is the Sahuaral Desert, about twenty minutes from

4602-511: The deep sea port in Guaymas , Sonora, Mexico. This trade helps to support tens of thousands of jobs and the overall economies in Ambos Nogales and throughout the American state of Arizona and the Mexican state of Sonora. The town is named for the black walnut trees which once grew abundantly in the mountain pass between the cities of Nogales, Arizona, and Nogales, Sonora, and can still be found around

4680-463: The east by the Santa Cruz River Valley , that is traversed north–south by I-19 . Across the valley eastwards are the tall Santa Rita Mountains in the northeast, and the smaller San Cayetano Mountains , east and adjacent to Nogales's northeast. The sequence of the north-to-south Tumacacori Highlands is as follows: North-to-south: A Santa Cruz county-border "bootheel" extends southwest;

4758-504: The event had become public. People came to the plaza dressed in costumes, and the event drew people from neighboring cities. The event still had the yearly parades, now with floats, and both private and public balls. Masks hiding identity were permitted, allow for the playing of practical jokes, and homosexuals were among those who took advantage of the anonymity. By the 1960s and 1970s, the Carnival had evolved into an entirely popular event with mass participation, bringing in many visitors to

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4836-509: The larger Tucson–Nogales combined statistical area , with a total population of 1,027,683 as of the 2010 Census. Nogales forms Arizona's largest transborder agglomeration with its adjacent, much larger twin Nogales , Sonora , across the Mexican border . The southern terminus of Interstate 19 is located in Nogales at the U.S.–Mexico border; the highway continues south into Mexico as Mexico Federal Highway 15 . The highways meeting in Nogales are

4914-483: The majority of the Guaymense population. This is due to lack of interest and investment of the government in fishing, as well as to the arrival of maquiladora (manufacturing) plants which compete with the fishing industry. The irrigation infrastructure for agriculture in addition to 186 wells, also includes the Ignacio Alatorre Dam that is located in the Guaymas Valley with a total capacity of 27.7 million cubic meters; and

4992-421: The most populous of which are Bahía San Carlos , Pueblo Vícam, San Ignacio Río Muerto, Pótam, Bahía de los Lobos and Ortíz. The municipality has a territory of 12,206.18km2. and a total population of 134,153, of which 101,502 or about 75% of whom live in the city proper. The municipality borders the municipalities of La Colorada , Suaqui Grande , Cajeme , Bácum and Hermosillo, with the Gulf of California to

5070-446: The other hand, in the summer months, highs average between 90 and 100 °F (32 and 38 °C), with the month of June being the hottest with an average daytime high of 97 °F (36 °C). Nighttime lows for the summer months remain in the lower to mid 60s for the duration of the season. The Arizona Monsoon generally runs through July and August, and these months typically see eight inches or more of combined rainfall, which brings

5148-561: The population of Nogales, Sonora, at roughly 300,000 . International commerce is a big part of Nogales' economy. More than 60 percent of Nogales' sales tax comes from the estimated 30,000 Mexican shoppers crossing the border daily. Nogales, Arizona, and Nogales, Sonora, are home to one of the largest maquiladora clusters. This enables American manufacturing plants on both sides of the border to take advantage of favorable wage and operating costs and excellent transportation and distribution networks. The Consulate-General of Mexico in Nogales

5226-420: The population. The municipality, especially San Carlos, is popular with visitors from Arizona and Sonora, but much of the coastal area, where the stark desert landscape meets the calm waters of the Gulf of California, is still undeveloped. San Carlos is an important destination for sportfishing with modern piers and 800 species that can be caught including sailfish, marlin, yellowtail and others. This bay holds

5304-591: The port of height and the docking extension for fishing activity. For public freight transport, the Port of Guaymas has a central freight services and has solved the problem of lack of bus lines to expand the ticket offer. As far as communications are concerned, Guaymas has all the public services offered by the sector, including those for maritime navigation. Particularly the mail and telegraph services that have 5 offices, especially to cater to those towns with greater than 500 inhabitants. Guaymas International Airport serves

5382-467: The result of a decade's worth of tensions originating from the Mexican Revolution and earlier battles in Nogales along the border in 1913 and 1915, the main consequence of the 1918 violence saw the building of the first permanent border wall between Nogales, Arizona, and Nogales, Sonora, along the previously unobstructed boundary line on International Street. As of the 2010 census , there were 20,878 people, 5,985 households, and 4,937 families residing in

5460-401: The same action. The municipality's formal name of Guaymas de Zaragoza was authorized in 1862. In 1865, French ships arrived to attack Republican forces , which were forced to retreat. The French occupied the city until 1866. By 1890, the city had 10,000 residents and was somewhat prosperous. The carnival tradition it established then continues to this day. On October 4–5, 1911, Guaymas

5538-414: The same architectural uniqueness. Several state parks and recreation areas are located close to Nogales, including Patagonia State Park, Peña Blanca Lake, Parker Canyon Lake, and Coronado National Forest. The Wine Country of Sonoita-Elgin is also located 20 miles east of Nogales. The City of Nogales operates under a council-manager form of government in which the mayor is elected to a 4-year term and has

5616-414: The same time, the colonists mapped Guaymas Bay. Guaymas was declared a city in 1769 by José Gálvez from Real de Álamos on behalf of the viceregal government. Despite the decree, no colonists settled there until the early 19th century. In the late 18th and early 19th century, there was reportedly a single inhabitant of Guaymas, "Tio Pepe" (Uncle Pepe), said to be a drunk and a thief. At the beginning of

5694-645: The second floor of the 1904 Nogales Courthouse is a small room dedicated to the 1775–1776 Anza Expedition. In 1841, a land grant from the Mexican government to the Elías family established Los Nogales de Elías. Following the Gadsden Purchase in 1853, Nogales became a part of the United States of America . In 1880, Russian-Jewish immigrants Isaac and Jacob Isaacson homesteaded the trading post of Isaacson, Arizona , at present-day Nogales. The U.S. Postal Service opened

5772-474: The town. The name Nogales is derived from the Spanish word for 'walnut' or 'walnut tree'. It refers to the large stands of walnut trees that once stood in the mountain pass where Nogales is located. Nogales was at the beginning of the 1775–1776 Juan Bautista de Anza Expedition as it entered the present-day U.S. from New Spain , and the town is now on the Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail . On

5850-512: The west. Most of the municipality is flat and borders the Gulf of California with 175 km of coastline. Along its coast, there are important bays such as Guaymas, Lobos, San Carlos and La Herradura with 83% of Sonora's piers in this municipality. Major elevations include the Serranías del Bacarete, Santa Úrsula, San José, San Pedro, Luis Bland and the Cerros del Vigía. There are two main rivers called

5928-600: Was abandoned permanently in 1759. In 1767, Viceroy Marqués de Croix ordered a major military offensive, the Sonora Expedition, to subdue the Seri and Pima tribes. After doing so, the Spanish colonials built an adobe fort with four towers in Guaymas under the command of Captain Lorenzo Cancio. No traces of the fort remain today, but the San José mission is marked by a church located on the road leading to Empalme . Around

6006-483: Was safer to travel by sea than by land. Guaymas became an important way point for those heading north or south. The first commercial imports came through in 1827. With the population of the area by European-Mexicans, the Guaymas natives moved to the town of Belén. They eventually disappeared as a distinct group. The port became a municipality in 1825. During the Mexican–American War , American warships such as

6084-402: Was struck by a major hurricane and accompanying storm surge which killed some 500 people in the city and environs. During the Mexican Revolution , the first aerial bombardment of a naval target occurred just off the coast of Guaymas. In 1913, five military ships belonging to Federal forces appeared in the bay, and General Álvaro Obregón of the rebel army ordered the bombing of these ships using

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