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45-593: Siena College Research Institute ( SCRI ) is an affiliate of Siena College , located originally in Friars Hall and now in Hines Hall on the college's campus, in Loudonville, New York , in suburban Albany . It was founded in 1980. Statistics and finance professor Doug Lonnstrom was its founding director. Donald P. Levy is its current director. It conducts both expert and public opinion polls, focusing on New York State and

90-813: A writ of certiorari . A number of other courts, including the U.S. Supreme Court, have held through the years that the Census and the questions in the Census are authorized by both the Constitution and Congressional statute. In 2002, the General Accounting Office confirmed that the U.S. Census Bureau has authority to conduct the survey and "require responses from the public". All individual American Community Survey responses are kept private and are used (along with other ACS responses) to create estimates of demographic characteristics for various geographies. Because of data swapping techniques to ensure confidentiality, it

135-713: A $ 250,000 fine. Under 13 U.S.C.   § 9 , census responses are "immune from legal process" and may not "be admitted as evidence or used for any purpose in any action, suit, or other judicial or administrative proceeding". The Census Bureau aggregates individual ACS responses, also known as microdata , into estimates at many geographic summary levels . Among these summary levels are legal and administrative entities such as states , counties , cities , and congressional districts , as well as statistical entities such as metropolitan statistical areas , tracts , block groups , and census designated places . Estimates for census blocks are not available from ACS. Puerto Rico

180-492: A 30% response rate while finding similar results to the lower response rate Siena College partnered polls. The New York Times /Siena College Poll has also variously used a turnout model to prioritize calls to a "likely electorate", which is gauged based on trends detected in The New York Times /Siena polls, past election results, and demographic data. This model was utilized for sampling in the 2018 midterm election but not

225-740: A dual frame model. For recent polls conducted by The New York Times /Siena College, over 90% of contacts are reached through cell phones and calls are aimed to last under 15 minutes. The poll aims to reach a representative sample of American voters and adjusts for participation bias via stratified sampling , utilizing demographic information from its voter file such as race, party affiliation, and regional location. The poll attempts more contacts with respondents from groups that are less likely to respond. As of 2024, overall response rates to The New York Times /Siena College Poll calls are usually under 2%. A 2022 incentivized poll conducted by The New York Times as an experiment in partnership with Ipsos achieved

270-553: A larger area. It has also provided unparalleled information to be more accessible for local government planning and financing. Many conclusions for local data are averaged from various information across the area, but it is not always an adequate representation. ACS estimates are available via a number of online data tools. U.S. Census website (AFF) is the primary tool for disseminating ACS data, allowing users to drill down to specific tables and geographies (starting with 2013 estimates, AFF also includes block group data). A selection of

315-532: Is determined through a respondent's voting history and self-reported intention to vote. Siena College In the late 1930s, Thomas Plassmann, president of St. Bonaventure University in Western New York, sent seven Franciscan friars to New York's Capital Region to found another college. A Siena College Grotto along with a new bookstore opened in Fall 2014. A new rugby pitch was opened in Fall 2016. In 2020,

360-472: Is impossible to figure out how individual people responded based on data from published ACS estimates. Opponents of the American Community Survey disagree with the court's findings about its constitutionality, contending that the survey asks for more information and at a higher frequency than the simple enumeration authorized and required by Article 1, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution . Despite

405-653: Is the largest household survey that the Census Bureau administers. The American Community Survey gathers information annually in the 50 U.S. states , the federal national capital city of Washington, D.C. ( District of Columbia ), and (via the Puerto Rico Community Survey ( PRCS ), which is part of the ACS) for the associated Commonwealth of Puerto Rico in the Caribbean Sea . It does not gather information in

450-608: Is the only US territory that is part of the ACS program. In order to balance geographic resolution, temporal frequency, statistical significance, and respondent privacy, ACS estimates released each year are aggregated from responses received in the previous calendar year or the previous five calendar years. The Census Bureau provides guidance for data users about which data set to use when analyzing different population and geography sizes. From 2007 to 2013, three-year estimates were available for areas with 20,000 people or more. This data product

495-698: The 1999 NCAA Division I baseball tournament and in 2005 saw pitcher John Lannan drafted by the Washington Nationals . Lannan has since become a regular starter in Washington's rotation. They also participated in the 2014 NCAA Division I baseball tournament, after winning the MAAC Championship over Canisius. Finally, the men's lacrosse team has also improved significantly in recent years. The Saints qualified for their first MAAC tournament in 2007 and their first NCAA tournament in 2009. That season,

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540-415: The 2016 presidential election . Completed surveys are weighted for probability of selection by stratum. Demographic weights of likely voters are weighted primarily with modeled turnout estimates from the poll's overall voter file, with adjustments made based on 12 demographic variables. Weighting of registered voter results, instead of likely voters, is conducted directly through characteristics derived from

585-605: The Government Accountability Office 's conclusion that the U.S. Census Bureau has the authority to conduct the survey under 13 U.S.C.   § 141 and 13 U.S.C.   § 193 , several US representatives have challenged the ACS as unauthorized by the Census Act and a violation of the Right to Financial Privacy Act . U.S. Representative (congressman) Ron Paul of Texas , who opposes ACS, said that

630-556: The Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS), freely accessible through the Census Bureau website and Integrated Public Use Microdata Series . PUMS data contain responses to every question from a sample of respondents. To protect respondent privacy, PUMS data are anonymized and only available down to areas containing 100,000 people or more known as Public Use Microdata Areas (PUMAs). The analysis of all ACS microdata without

675-532: The United States presidents , as well as the First Ladies . It has also conducted polls as to America's most notable women, television's most memorable moment, and consumer confidence. In July 2013, SCRI and The New York Times began a polling partnership, with its first collaborative poll conducted for the 2013 New York City mayoral election . In 2018, The New York Times /Siena College partnership delivered

720-566: The founding fathers of the United States "never authorized the federal government to continuously survey the American people". Those who decline to complete the survey may receive visits to their homes from Census Bureau personnel. Because it is a mandatory survey, it is governed by federal laws that could impose a fine of as much as $ 5,000 on those who flagrantly refuse to participate. To date, no person has been prosecuted for refusing to answer

765-541: The ACS. Kenneth Prewitt , the former director of the U.S. Census Bureau, said in March 2000 that the United States Department of Commerce is "not an enforcement agency" and that the parallel United States Department of Justice in the presidential cabinet would be responsible for prosecuting violations, adding that "we don't recommend that". The Census Bureau prefers to gain cooperation by convincing respondents of

810-449: The ACS. Each address has about a 1-in-480 chance of being selected in a given month, and no address should be selected more than once every five years. Data is collected by internet, mail, telephone interviews, and in-person interviews. The questionnaire is available in English and Spanish, with assistance provided in additional languages. Approximately one-third of those who do not respond to

855-432: The Census Bureau could release "period" estimates to produce estimates for smaller areas. After a decade of testing, it launched as the American Community Survey in 2005, replacing the once-a-decade census long form. The American Community Survey initially sampled approximately 3.5 million housing unit addresses and group quarters in the United States. The Census Bureau selects a random sample of addresses to be included in

900-732: The College Suites or commute from nearby areas. Approximately 90 student clubs and organizations range from academic and professional groups to cultural and recreational clubs. Siena College has approximately 28,000 living alumni worldwide, including former college president Kevin J. Mullen. In the fields of journalism and literature, notable Siena graduates include William J. Kennedy , 1984 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction winner; Erich Hartmann , international award-winning photojournalist and former president of Magnum Photos ; David Hepp , award-winning journalist and creator of Inside Albany and Ed Henry , senior White House correspondent for Fox News. In

945-726: The Division I level in 1976. At this time, Siena became a member of the ECAC , and later the North Atlantic Conference, a forerunner to the present day America East Conference . In 1990, the college moved to the MAAC where it has remained since. Siena has not always been known by its present moniker. Athletic teams were first known as the Golden Hurricanes and later as the Indians . In March 1989,

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990-915: The New York Supreme Court, Third Judicial District. American Community Survey The American Community Survey ( ACS ) is an annual demographics survey program conducted by the United States Census Bureau . It regularly gathers information previously contained only in the long form of the decennial census , including ancestry, US citizenship status, educational attainment, income, language proficiency, migration, disability , employment, and housing characteristics. These data are used by many public-sector , private-sector , and not-for-profit stakeholders to allocate funding, track shifting demographics, plan for emergencies, and learn about local communities. Sent to approximately 295,000 addresses monthly, or 3.5 million addresses annually, it

1035-675: The Saints secured an automatic berth in the tournament after winning their first MAAC championship during a ten-game winning streak. Siena College Research Institute , an affiliate of Siena College, conducts expert and public opinion polls, focusing on New York State and the United States, on issues of public policy interest. Siena has various housing options, including traditional residence halls, private rooms, and townhouse units, across eight residential communities. Housing assignments for Siena students who live on campus are based on class year. Additionally, some students opt for off-campus housing at

1080-694: The United States, on issues of public policy interest. They include education, health care, and consumer confidence , and explores business, economic, political, voter, social, educational, and historical issues. SCRI conducted surveys on New Yorkers' sentiments towards the creation of the Cordoba House Mosque near the World Trade Center site in lower Manhattan , and the Arizona Immigration Law . Among other things, starting in 1982 SCRI has polled presidential scholars in an effort to rate

1125-465: The administrators and statisticians / mathematicians of the United States Census Bureau ( Bureau of the Census ), first established in 1902 within the United States Department of Commerce , to begin asking a sample of the American population a sub-set of additional detailed questions without unduly increasing cost or respondent burden. In the decades that followed, new questions were added to those that had previously been asked of all respondents, and all

1170-482: The championship defeating Stony Brook, Penn State, Illinois State and Fresno State two games to one in the best-of-three championship series. The women's basketball teams has also had a recent run of success, including a trip to the NCAA tournament in 2001 , and appearances in the 1999, 2002 and 2003 WNIT . They finished second in the 2015 WBI. Another team with recent high achievement is men's baseball. The Saints advanced to

1215-561: The college was listed as a census-designated place ( Siena College CDP ) Siena College students attend three schools within the college: Within the three schools, Siena offers 43 majors, over 80 minors, certificates, concentrations, and 12 graduate programs. Siena offers 21 NCAA Division I sports, all of which participate in the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference (MAAC). The college generally only competed against local schools in athletics until being elevated to

1260-536: The count. At the Congress's request, the U.S. Census Bureau in the United States Department of Commerce , developed and tested a new design to obtain long-form data. noted U.S. statistician / mathematician Leslie Kish (1910-2000), had introduced the concept of a rolling sample (or continuous measurement) design in 1981. This design featured ongoing, monthly data collection aggregated on a yearly basis, enabling annual data releases. By combining multiple years of this data,

1305-469: The creation of a mid-decade census, holding hearings and even authorizing a special mid-decade census in the American Bicentennial year of 1976, but not funding it. Efforts to obtain data on a more frequent basis began again after the 1990 U.S. Decennial Census , when it became clear that the more burdensome long form was depressing overall census response rates and jeopardizing the accuracy of

1350-677: The distribution of $ 416 billion, 29 percent of all federal assistance. The American Community Survey is authorized by 13 U.S.C. § 141 and 13 U.S.C. § 193. Federal courts have held that the long form is constitutional. In 2000, the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas ruled that the 2000 U.S. Decennial Census and its questions did not violate the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution or any other constitutional provisions that were alleged in

1395-563: The federal lawsuit initiated by the plaintiffs. The federal district court said responses to census questions are not a violation of an American citizen's right to privacy or free speech. The U.S. District Court's decision in Texas was later affirmed by the higher United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit on appeal, and the Supreme Court of the United States denied the petition for

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1440-751: The fields of law and government, notable Siena graduates include Francis Bergan , former presiding justice of the New York Court of Appeals; Michael Botticelli , director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy; Constantine George Cholakis , former judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York; George Deukmejian , 35th governor of California; former United States representatives from New York Jack Quinn and Gerald B. H. Solomon ; and Henry F. Zwack , justice of

1485-444: The first United States Decennial Census three years later in 1790 , congressional legislators understood that it should also collect basic demographic information beyond just the number of people in the household. James Madison (1751-1836), an American Founding Father and the fourth President of the United States (served 1809-1817), first proposed including additional questions in the U.S. Decennial Census to "enable them to adapt

1530-547: The first real time Midterm Election polls. In its review of polling conducted during the 2022 midterm elections , FiveThirtyEight found that The New York Times /Siena College partnered polls had the lowest statistical error of all pollsters it measured, tied with Suffolk University . It currently holds a 3-star rating from FiveThirtyEight , their highest possible rating for a pollster, based on measurements of error, bias, and transparency in methodology. As of 2024, FiveThirtyEight describes The New York Times /Siena College Poll as

1575-505: The importance of participation while acknowledging that the mandate improves response rates (and thus accuracy) and lowers the annual cost of survey administration by more than $ 90 million. In 2014, the Census Project , a collaboration of pro-Census business and industry associations, gathered signatures from 96 national and local organizations urging the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Oversight and Government Reform to reject

1620-452: The most accurate pollster in America. The New York Times /Siena College Poll contacts a random sample of respondents, with sampling frames drawn from a national voter file of registered voters from data company L2 and supplemented with voter file-matched cellular numbers from market research company Marketing Systems Group. It utilizes live interviewers calling both landlines and cellphones in

1665-561: The most popular tables is shown in QuickFacts . Other tools include OnTheMap for Emergency Management , Census Business Builder and My Congressional District . My Tribal Area featuring 5-year estimates for federally recognized tribes, launched in 2017. The Summary File is the most detailed data source and is available as a series of downloadable text files or through an application programming interface (API) for software developers. Custom cross-tabulations of ACS questions can be made using

1710-541: The other four major U.S. territories / commonwealths and associated states of American Samoa , Guam , Northern Mariana Islands in the western Pacific Ocean , and the U.S. Virgin Islands in the Caribbean Sea . The Article I, Section II of the Constitution of the United States of 1787, adopted 1788, requires an enumeration of the population every ten years "in such Manner as they (Congress) shall by Law direct". From

1755-471: The public measures to the particular circumstances of the community". Such knowledge collected with each census, President Madison argued, "would give them an opportunity of marking the progress of the society". The questions included in censuses since 1790 have reflected American understandings of and concerns about societal trends and the growing nation's expanded data needs. By 130 years later in 1940, advancements in statistical methods and knowledge enabled

1800-502: The questions were moved to the sample questionnaire form. As the sample form grew longer than the census form itself, it became known as the Census "long form". Following the 1960 U.S. Decennial Census , federal, state, and local governmental officials, and some in the private sector began demanding more timely long-form-type data. Lawmakers representing rural districts claimed they were at a data disadvantage, unable to self-fund additional surveys of their populations. Congress explored

1845-981: The sampling and anonymization in PUMS is restricted to qualified researchers at secure Federal Statistical Research Data Centers (FSRDCs). The Census Bureau conducts research and evaluation projects, including survey methodology research, important for the improvement of the ACS. The ACS data is used by researchers to examine societal changes, study data quality, and conduct methodological research. American Community Survey data provides important information that cannot be found elsewhere. The federal government, as well as various businesses, researchers, and local governments use ACS data for planning and decision-making purposes. ACS data are used by public and business decision-makers to more clearly identify issues and opportunities and more effectively allocate scarce resources to address them. In Fiscal Year 2008, 184 federal domestic assistance programs used ACS-related datasets to help guide

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1890-593: The school adopted its current nickname, the Saints . Many of Siena's athletic teams have experienced success at the Division I level. The college's most well known squad is the men's basketball team . The Saints have appeared in six NCAA tournaments , advancing to the Round of 32 in 1989 , 2008 and 2009 . Siena has also played in the postseason NIT five times, capturing third place in 1994 . In 2014, Siena competed in their first College Basketball Invitational tournament and won

1935-468: The survey by mail or telephone are randomly selected for in-person interviews. About 95 percent of households across all response modes ultimately participate in the survey. Like the decennial census, ACS responses are confidential . Every employee at the Census Bureau takes an oath of nondisclosure and is sworn for life to not disclose identifying information. Violations of the nondisclosure oath are punishable by prison sentences of up to five years and/or

1980-507: The voter file, without using the turnout model. Demographic information on education is not available in the voter file, and is weighted separately with the American Community Survey and Current Population Survey from the United States Census Bureau . Poll questions are published verbatim in the reports of each poll. When nearing election days, the poll emphasizes results among likely voters over registered voters overall, which

2025-428: Was discontinued in 2015 due to budget cuts. The last 3-year release was the 2011–2013 ACS 3-year estimates. Current data releases include: Over the past decade, the American Community Survey has collected and supplied all data at local levels. This was a large breakthrough in the survey because it allows American citizens more individualized data on a community level as opposed to extrapolating from data collected over

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