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29-459: Kṛṣṇakarṇāmṛtam means 'nectar to the ears of Krishna'. According to legend, Bilvamangala is regarded to have lavished all of his time and attention on a harlot called Cintamani, being unable to focus his energy on anything else. Cintamani urged Bilvamangala to devote himself to Krishna so that he would attain eternal joy, for which she is hailed as his guru in the work. Bilvamangala travelled to Vrindavana , where he spent his final days and worked on

58-483: A Renaissance in Bengal, different from the more well-known 19th-century Bengal Renaissance . Salimullah Khan (b. 1958), a noted Bangladeshi linguist, maintains, "Sixteenth-century is the time of Chaitanya Dev, and it is the beginning of Modernism in Bengal. The concept of 'humanity' that came into fruition is contemporaneous with that of Europe". Noted Bengali biographical film on Chaitanya, Nilachaley Mahaprabhu (1957),

87-521: A number of festivals. The common salutation or greetings used in Braj region by its residents is Radhe Radhe which is associated with the Goddess Radha or Hare Krishna which is associated with Krishna. Devotees of Krishna believe that he visits the town each night to adore Radha. Vrindavan, the land of Radha Krishna has about 5500 temples dedicated to them to showcase their divine pastimes. Some of

116-815: A temple in Los Angeles. He belonged to the circle of guru Prabhu Jagadbandhu with teachings similar to the later ISKCON mission. His followers later formed several organisations, including now defunct the Order of Living Service and the AUM Temple of Universal Truth. Another prominent missionary was A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada (1896-1977), a representative of the Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati branch of Chaitanya's tradition. Prabhupada founded his movement known as The International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) to spread Chaitanya's teachings throughout

145-1003: A year he took a vow of saṃnyāsa (renunciation) and changed his name to Kṛṣṇa Caitanya under his guru Keśava Bhāratī. His mother then asked him to at least live in the city of Puri so that he would not be too far from Bengal. After becoming a renunciate he spent his time converting and instructing followers in the tenets of Kṛṣṇa bhakti and engaging in communal saṁkīrtana . Notably he is said to have debated and converted followers of Advaita Vedānta . He spent two months in Vrindavan in c. 1515 where he instructed Sanātana Gosvāmī and Rūpa Gosvāmi . The last two decades of his life were spent in Puri where he focused on immersing himself in devotional yearning for Kṛṣṇa and his consorts, mainly Rādhā. He died c. 1528-1534. Works on Chaitanya: Chaitanya's epistemological, theological and ontological teachings are summarised as ten root principles called dasa mula. From

174-593: Is 71.3 km away and New Delhi International Airport is 150 km away. Is under-construction Airport Noida International Airport Located in Jewar is expected to be open in his Phase 1 in 2024. [REDACTED] Vrindavan travel guide from Wikivoyage Chaitanya Mahaprabhu Traditional Chaitanya Mahaprabhu ( Bengali : মহাপ্রভু শ্রীচৈতন্য দেব ; Sanskrit : चैतन्य महाप्रभु , romanized :  Caitanya Mahāprabhu ), born Vishvambhara Mishra ; IAST : Viśvambhara Miśra ; 18 February 1486 – 14 June 1534)

203-404: Is believed that Krishna spent part of his childhood in this city. The other prominent areas surrounding Vrindavan are Govardhana , Gokul , Nandgaon , Barsana , Mathura and Bhandirvan . Along with Vrindavan, all these places are considered to be the center of Radha and Krishna worship. Millions of devotees of Radha Krishna visit Vrindavan and its nearby areas every year to participate in

232-666: Is celebrated as Gaura-purnima . He is also called Nimai because he was born underneath a Neem tree. Chaitanya was born in a Brahmin family as Viśvambhara Mishra aka Nimāi, the second son of Jagannātha Mishra and his wife Śacī Devī, the daughter of Nilambara Chakrabarti, both Brahmins of Sylhet region. Jagannātha Mishra's family were from the village of Dhakadakshin in Srihatta (Sylhet) (now in Bangladesh ). The ruins of their ancestral home still survive in present-day Bangladesh . According to Chaitanya Charitamrita , Chaitanya

261-628: The city, वृन्दावन ( Vṛndāvana ), comes from its groves of vṛndā ( holy basil ) and vana ( grove , forest). Vrindavan has an ancient past, associated with Hindu culture and history, and was established in the 16th and 17th centuries as a result of an explicit treaty between Muslims and Hindu Emperors, and is an important Hindu pilgrimage site since long. In contemporary times, Vallabha Charya, aged eleven visited Vrindavan. Later on, he performed three pilgrimages of India , barefoot giving discourses on Bhagavad Gita at 84 places. These 84 places are known as Pushtimarg Baithak and since then have

290-416: The city. As of 2011 Indian Census , Vrindavan had a total population of 63,005, of which 34,769 were males and 28,236 were females. The population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 7,818. The total number of literates in Vrindavan was 42,917, which constituted 68.11% of the population with male literacy of 73.7% and female literacy of 61.2%. The effective literacy rate of the 7+ population of Vrindavan

319-408: The composition of the text. Krishna himself is regarded to have listened to the poems of Bilvamangala. The work exists in two recensions. The southern and western manuscripts of the work feature three āśvāsa s (sections) comprising a hundred verses each, whereas the eastern manuscripts of Bengal feature a single section of one hundred and twelve verses. The hymns of the work describe the pastimes of

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348-511: The deity Krishna in Vrindavana, expressing the rasa s associated with bhakti (devotion) towards him. Most of the verses describe the ardent desire of the soul to be reunited with the Ultimate Reality represented by the deity. The text was influential for Bengali Vaishnavism due to its introduction to the region by Chaitanya Mahaprabhu , who encountered the work during his journey to

377-530: The famous cuisines popular in this religious city. Vrindavan is well connected by roads and is connected to Delhi by National Highway (NH) 44 of the Golden Quadrilateral network. Earlier it was NH 2. 129 km from New Delhi 117 km from Gurgaon 54 km from Agra 9 km from Mathura While in Vrindavan, battery-powered e-rickshaw are available for commuting within city limits. The nearest Airports are Agra Airport which

406-534: The garment wrapped around them was constantly being loosened. Krishna Karnamrita English translation Vrindavan Vrindavan ( pronunciation ; IAST : Vṛndāvana ), also spelt Vrindaban and Brindaban , is a historical city in the Mathura district of Uttar Pradesh , India . It is located in the Braj Bhoomi region and holds religious importance for Hindus who believe that Krishna , one of

435-453: The important pilgrimage sites are - Vrindavan is also known as the "city of widows" due to the large number of widows who move into the town and surrounding area after losing their husbands. There are an estimated 15,000 to 20,000 widows. Many live in extreme poverty and spend time singing bhajan hymns at bhajanashrams , as documented in historian William Dalrymple 's The Age of Kali (1998). An organisation called Guild of Service

464-630: The last 250 years, the extensive forests of Vrindavan have been subjected to urbanisation, first by local Rajas and in recent decades by apartment developers. The forest cover has been whittled away to only a few remaining spots, and the local wildlife, including peacocks , cows , monkeys and a variety of bird species has been virtually eliminated. Situated on the west bank of the Yamuna River, about 15 kilometres north of Mathura and 125 km from Delhi , Vrindavan has an average elevation of 170 metres (557 feet). The Yamuna river flows through

493-666: The late 19th century and was institutionalised by Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati in his Gaudiya Matha in the 20th century. In the 20th century the teachings of Chaitanya were brought to the West for the first time by Baba Premananda Bharati (1858–1914), the author of Sree Krishna—the Lord of Love (1904)—the first full-length treatment of Gaudiya Vaishnavism in English. In1902, he founded the short-lived "Krishna Samaj" society in New York City and built

522-656: The main Gods in Hinduism , spent most of his childhood in this city. Vrindavan has about 5,500 temples dedicated to the worship of Krishna and his chief consort, Radha . It is one of the most sacred places for Vaishnava traditions. Vrindavan forms a part of the "Krishna pilgrimage circuit" under development by the Indian Ministry of Tourism. The circuit also includes Mathura , Barsana , Gokul , Govardhan , Kurukshetra , Dwarka and Puri . The ancient Sanskrit name of

551-414: The places of pilgrimage. Yet, he stayed in Vrindavan for four months each year. Vrindavan thus heavily influenced his formation of Pushtimarg . The essence of Vrindavan was lost over time until the 16th century when it was rediscovered by Chaitanya Mahaprabhu . In the year 1515, Chaitanya Mahaprabhu visited Vrindavan, with the purpose of locating the lost holy places associated with Krishna's life. In

580-453: The south. The second verse of the work extols the attributes of Krishna: Behold the object which is showered by wish-tree blossoms falling from the finger tips of heavenly maidens and which, although nirvana calm, produces a flood of sound from the famed flute. It is the most high in the form of a boy who gives final release into the hands of the suppliant as he did to the thousands of encircling, dancing milkmaids whose hold on

609-433: The very beginning of Chaitanya's bhakti movement in Bengal, Haridasa Thakur and others, Muslim or Hindu by birth, were participants. Ramakrishna Paramahamsa , the great sage of Dakshineswar , who lived in the 19th century, emphasised the bhakti marga of Chaitanya, whom he referred to as "Gauranga." ( The Gospel of Sri Ramakrishna ). This openness received a boost from Bhaktivinoda Thakura 's broad-minded vision in

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638-722: The world. Saraswata gurus and acharyas, members of the Goswami lineages and several other Hindu sects which revere Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, including devotees from the major Vaishnava holy places in Mathura District, West Bengal and Odisha, also established temples dedicated to Krishna and Chaitanya outside India in the closing decades of the 20th century. Chaitanya's influence on the cultural legacy in Bengal , Odisha and Manipur , has been significant, with many residents performing daily worship to him as an avatar of Krishna. Some attribute to him

667-412: Was 77.8%, of which the male literacy rate was 83.7% and the female literacy rate was 70.3%. The sex ratio is 812 females per 1000 males. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population was 6,294 and 18, respectively. Vrindavan had 11,637 households in 2011. Vrindavan lies in the cultural region of Braj . Vrindavan is considered to be a sacred place for Vaisnavism tradition of Hinduism . It

696-517: Was a promising Sanskrit scholar and once defeated Keśava Bhaṭṭa of the Nimbārka school in a debate on Sanskrit prosody. In 1508-1509 he left Nabadvip to go to Gaya to perform śrāddha , a ritual homage to his dead father. There, he met an ascetic named Īśvara Purī, who initiated him using a mantra for Kṛṣṇa worship. After this meeting Viśvambhara abandoned all scholarly and domestic pursuits and had no interest except hearing and speaking of Kṛṣṇa. Within

725-461: Was an Indian Hindu saint from Bengal and the founder of Gaudiya Vaishnavism . Chaitanya Mahaprabhu's mode of worshipping Krishna with bhajan - kirtan and dance had a profound effect on Vaishnavism in Bengal . He is considered the chief proponent of the Vedantic philosophy of Achintya Bheda Abheda . However, the concept of inconceivable difference in non-difference, known as achintya-bhedabheda,

754-475: Was born in Nabadwip (in present-day West Bengal ) on the full moon night of 18 February 1486, at the time of a lunar eclipse. While still a student, his father died, and he soon married Lakṣmīpriyā. He travelled to east Bengal to become a scholar and support his family, but his wife died in his absence. He then married Viṣṇupriyā , the daughter of paṇḍit Sanātana Miśra. Viśvambhara, also known as Nimāi Paṇḍit,

783-650: Was developed later by Jiva Gosvami in his book Bhagavat Sandharbha. Mahaprabhu founded Gaudiya Vaishnavism ( a.k.a. the Brahma-Madhva-Gaudiya Sampradaya ). He expounded Bhakti yoga and popularised the chanting of the Hare Krishna Maha-mantra . He composed the Shikshashtakam (eight devotional prayers). Chaitanya is sometimes called Gauranga ( IAST : Gaurāṅga ) or Gaura due to his molten gold–like complexion. His birthday

812-504: Was directed by Kartik Chattopadhyay (1912–1989). A Bengali film based on Chaitanya's demise, Lawho Gouranger Naam Re , will be directed by Srijit Mukherji where Parambrata Chatterjee will be seen portraying Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. In 2024, speaking at the commemorative event for the 150th birth anniversary of Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati , Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi called Chaitanya Mahaprabhu “the touchstone of love for Krishna. He made spiritualism and meditation accessible to

841-437: Was formed to assist these deprived women and children. According to a survey report prepared by the government, several homes run by the government and different NGOs for widows. Vrindavan and Mathura , the twin cities which are associated with Krishna are main centers of Braj Cuisine . Vrindavan Peda , Vrindavan Dahi Arbi jhor, Vrindavan khichdi, Bedmi puri , Dubki Aloo jhor, Moong Dal cheela, Heeng Kachori are some of

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