32-1138: Shortridge is a surname. Notable people with the name include Clara Shortridge Foltz (1849–1934), American lawyer Belle Hunt Shortridge (1858–1893), American author Eli C. D. Shortridge (1830–1908), American politician, Governor of North Dakota Guy C. Shortridge (1880–1949), South African mammalogist and curator Jennie Shortridge (born 1959), American novelist and musician Pat Shortridge , American lobbyist Samuel M. Shortridge (1861–1952), American politician from California Stephen Shortridge (born 1951), American actor See also [ edit ] Shortridge Academy , residential secondary school in Milton, New Hampshire, United States Shortridge High School , public high school located in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States Shortridge–Meridian Street Apartments Historic District , national historic district located at Indianapolis, Indiana, United States [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with
64-482: A time capsule buried in San Francisco's Washington Square park. Gordon wrote inside the flyleaf: If this little book should see the light after its 100 years of entombment, I would like its readers to know that the author was a lover of her own sex and devoted the best years of her life in striving for the political equality and social and moral elevation of women. Gordon's inscription was read aloud in public after
96-533: A career as a corporate attorney. In an era when public speaking could be a lucrative career, Foltz spoke for the Republicans during the campaigns of 1880, 1882, and 1884. In 1886 she became a Democrat , and in the winter of that year lectured in Wisconsin , Illinois , and Iowa. Foltz became a leader in the woman’s voting rights movement. During a career that spanned 56 years, Foltz almost single-handedly pushed
128-556: A delegate, during the convention, in February 1879, Gordon and Foltz successfully pushed for the inclusion of Article XX, Section 18, of the Constitution. This clause prohibited state law from barring women from entering any "lawful business, avocation, or profession". At around the same time, in January 1879, Gordon and Foltz were briefly admitted to the recently opened Hastings College of
160-581: A great deal of progressive legislation for women’s rights in the voting and legal fields. At the Chicago World’s Fair in 1893, during a "congress" of the Board of Lady Managers, Foltz made her first highly public presentation of her idea of the public defender . Foltz's then-radical concept of providing assistance to indigent criminal defendants would be used today throughout the United States. Foltz
192-563: A monthly column until her death. Foltz's brother, Samuel M. Shortridge , was elected to the United States Senate from California in 1920 and served two terms. Foltz supported his campaigns, though earlier she had disagreed with him on key issues such as tariffs. Their brother Charles M. Shortridge (1858–1918) was the owner of the San Jose newspaper Daily Mercury and purchased The San Francisco Call in 1895. Foltz died at
224-655: A prominent suffragette . She was the first woman to run a daily newspaper in the United States (the Stockton Daily Leader , 1874), and the second female lawyer admitted to practice in California. As an activist, Gordon was a key proponent of the Woman Lawyer's Bill , which allowed women to practice law in California. She also pushed for the inclusion of a section in the California Constitution that prohibited
256-527: A widow, rather than a divorcée, since widowhood was "a more acceptable explanation ... for ... lack of male protection". In 1873, Gordon became an editor and reporter for the Stockton Narrow Gauge . In 1874, she bought the Stockton Weekly Leader and converted into a daily newspaper, becoming the first female publisher of a paper in the United States. Between 1876 and 1878, she published
288-585: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Clara Shortridge Foltz Clara Shortridge Foltz (July 16, 1849 – September 2, 1934) was an American lawyer, the first female lawyer on the West Coast , and the pioneer of the idea of the public defender . The Criminal Courts Building in downtown Los Angeles was renamed after her in 2002, and is now known as the Clara Shortridge Foltz Criminal Justice Center . Foltz
320-563: The New Northwest and the San Jose Mercury . Around 1876, her husband abandoned her and their five children. She began studying law in the office of a local judge, in part through the support of local suffragette Sarah Knox-Goodrich . She also supported herself by giving public lectures, starting in 1877, on suffrage. Foltz wanted to take the bar examination but California law at the time allowed only white males to become members of
352-631: The Oakland Daily Democrat . During that period, she also served as a correspondent for the Sacramento Bee and other papers, with a press desk on the floor of the state Assembly . She also served as an organizer of the Pacific Coast Press Association. In the late 1860s, Gordon's speaking career turned from Spiritualism to women's rights, perhaps influenced by Spiritualism's emphasis on egalitarianism and equality between
SECTION 10
#1732854733031384-416: The surname Shortridge . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shortridge&oldid=890176694 " Category : Surnames Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description
416-519: The Law but was denied admission because of her sex. Foltz and Gordon sued, but recognized that they faced strong opposition. To advance their cause, Gordon and Foltz wrote an amendment to the California state constitution that read "No person shall, on account of sex, be disqualified from entering upon or pursuing any lawful business, vocation, or profession." Drawing upon both the Woman Lawyer Bill and
448-428: The Law , and paid the $ 10 tuition. However, on the third day of classes, they were asked to leave, in part because the school's Dean felt their "rustling skirts" bothered the male students. In February, the women filed and argued a case that persuaded the state's Supreme Court to overturn that decision. However, because of work, activism, and family obligations, neither Gordon nor Foltz were able to graduate, and so
480-539: The age of 85 of heart failure at her home in Los Angeles on September 2, 1934. The pallbearers for her funeral included Governor Frank Merriam and several prominent federal and state judges. She was cremated and interred at Inglewood Park Cemetery in Los Angeles County. At the insistence of its female students, Hastings College of the Law granted Foltz a posthumous degree of Doctor of Laws in 1991. Additionally,
512-544: The bar. Foltz authored a state bill, known as the "Woman Lawyer Bill," which replaced "white male" with "person," and in September 1878 she passed the examination and was the first woman admitted to the California bar, and the first female lawyer on the entire west coast of the United States. Having little formal education, she wished to study at the first law school in California to improve her skills. Alongside her ally Laura de Force Gordon , Foltz applied to Hastings College of
544-783: The children, the family turned to Spiritualism in 1855. Gordon toured the Northeast of the United States giving public speeches, starting as young as 15, including a speech in Boston at age 18. During one such event, she met a Scottish physician named Charles H. Gordon, and married him in 1862. They moved west gradually, first to New Orleans (where he was posted during the Civil War ), then to Nevada , and finally settling in California in 1870. Before 1878, she divorced her husband on grounds of adultery. She later referred to herself frequently as
576-522: The first female deputy district attorney in the United States. She was active in the suffrage movement, authoring the Women's Vote Amendment for California in 1911. Foltz also raised five children, mostly as a single mother, and encouraged women not to overlook their traditional domestic roles. Foltz also founded and published the San Diego Daily Bee , and New American Woman Magazine , for which she wrote
608-593: The first female graduate of Hastings was Mary McHenry Keith . At that time, law school graduation was not necessary for bar admission, so Gordon studied on her own. On December 6, 1879, she was admitted to the State Bar of California , becoming the second female attorney in the state (after Foltz). In 1880 she established her own firm in San Francisco, where she specialized in general and criminal law. Her work included successful defenses in several murder cases. She
640-551: The lobbying campaign for the Woman Lawyer's Bill, which granted women the right to practice law in California in January 1878. Gordon used her position as a journalist covering the debate to stay in touch with lawmakers and lobby the governor for the final signature. Later in 1878, Gordon was nominated as a delegate to the California Constitutional Convention , but was defeated. Despite not being elected as
672-632: The party to seat her as a representative from California (to "laughter") and submitted a pro-suffrage resolution. After beginning her legal career in 1879, she continued her suffrage activism. She was elected president of the California State Suffrage Association from 1884–1894, and a paid speaker on behalf of the movement in the 1888 presidential election . In 1892, she spoke at the Columbian Exposition in Chicago . Gordon
SECTION 20
#1732854733031704-641: The primary social space inside UC Hastings's McAllister Tower student housing complex was christened the Clara S. Foltz Lounge. In 2002, the Criminal Courts Building in downtown Los Angeles was renamed the Clara Shortridge Foltz Criminal Justice Center. Attribution: Laura de Force Gordon Laura de Force Gordon (née Laura de Force ; August 17, 1838 – April 5, 1907) was a California lawyer, newspaper publisher, and
736-690: The second woman to be admitted to the bar of the United States Supreme Court , after Belva Lockwood . Gordon retired from the legal profession in 1901, and spent her last years on her farm in Lodi, California . Her health deteriorated in 1906 after the premature death of her grandchild. She caught pneumonia in March 1907, and died in Lodi on April 5, 1907. In May 1879, Gordon left a copy of her pamphlet The Great Geysers of California and How to Reach Them in
768-570: The sexes . Gordon's February 19, 1868 speech in San Francisco , titled "The Elective Franchise: Who Shall Vote", was the first in California on the suffrage movement . It attracted a healthy crowd, some of whom went on to become leaders in California's suffrage movement. In 1870, she helped found the California Women's Suffrage Society , and gave more than 100 speeches on suffrage. Gordon also worked for suffrage in Nevada, speaking throughout
800-460: The soon-to-be-ratified equal opportunity in employment statement in the constitution, Foltz and Gordon were able to argue that if women could serve as lawyers they must certainly be allowed to attend law school at the coeducational University of California. Chief Justice of California Robert F. Morrison agreed, and in Foltz v. Hoge ruled that Foltz and Gordon should be admitted to Hastings. The ruling
832-461: The state from barring women from practicing any profession. Laura de Force Gordon (née Laura de Force) was born in North East, Pennsylvania , on August 17, 1838, to Abram de Force and Catherine Doolittle Allen. The family had nine children. Her father struggled with rheumatism , but the children (including at least two daughters) received education in the public schools. After the death of one of
864-522: The state in the late 1860s and in front of the state legislature in 1871. One paper writing about her speaking at this time described her speaking as "like a stream of liquid fire". Gordon also traveled outside of the Southwest, representing California at the 1872 National Woman Suffrage Association in New York City . At the 1872 Liberal Republican convention , alongside Susan B. Anthony , she asked
896-408: Was also the first woman in California to argue a case to a jury. This work attracted national attention, particularly in the case of George Wheeler, where Gordon assisted the defense and Foltz the prosecution, leading New York's National Police Gazette to write that it was a case where "two females will be allowed to wag their tongues to their heart's content". On February 3, 1883, Gordon became
928-606: Was appealed, and Foltz studied for and passed the California State Supreme Court bar exam in order to argue her case, which she ultimately won. Although Foltz successfully obtained admission for all qualified women to Hastings, the work to win the case left Foltz impoverished and she returned to her legal career instead of pursuing her dream of attending law school. Foltz practiced in San Francisco, San Diego, and from 1896 to 1899 in New York, where she attempted to create
960-700: Was born Clarissa Shortridge in Milton, Indiana , to Talitha and Elias Willetts Shortridge (a lawyer and preacher). Prior to the Civil War, the family moved to Mount Pleasant , Iowa , where Foltz attended a co-educational school (rare at the time). In December 1864, at age 15, she eloped with a farmer and Civil War veteran named Jeremiah D. Foltz, and they began having children. However, he had difficulty supporting his family. The Foltzes moved several times, first to Portland , Oregon and finally to San Jose , California in 1872. During these times, she contributed articles to
992-461: Was considered part of the "radical" branch of women's suffrage activists, in part because of her divorce and association with Spiritualism. Her correspondents included Henry George and Susan B. Anthony. As a result of her suffrage and publishing work, Gordon was well known in California political circles, and even received 200 votes for State Senate in 1871. This positioned her, along with fellow suffragette Clara Shortridge Foltz , to manage
Shortridge - Misplaced Pages Continue
1024-608: Was notable for many "firsts": first female clerk for the State Assembly 's Judiciary Committee (1880); the first woman appointed to the State Board of Corrections; the first female licensed Notary Public; the first woman named director of a major bank; and, in 1930, the first woman to run for Governor of California , at the age of 81. In 1910, she was appointed to the Los Angeles District Attorney's Office, becoming
#30969