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20-585: The largest island in the archipelago is Shortland Island (originally called Alu). With smaller offshore islands such as Gharomai (to the southwest), Balalae (to the northeast) and Magusaiai , Faisi , Pirumeri and Poporang (all to the southeast), it forms the Inner Shortlands Ward of the Western Province. The remaining islands comprise the Outer Shortlands Ward and consist of two groups;

40-495: A second chance at life, learning trades and working off their debts. The success of Oglethorpe's vision is debated. When routes to the Americas closed after the outbreak of American Revolutionary War in 1776, British prisons started to become overcrowded . Since immediate stopgap measures proved themselves ineffective, in 1785 Britain decided to use parts of what is now known as Australia as de jure penal settlements , becoming

60-581: A state's (usually colonial) territories, and on a far larger scale than a prison farm . With the passage of the Transportation Act 1717 , the British government initiated the penal transportation of indentured servants to Britain's colonies in the Americas , although none of the North American colonies were solely penal colonies. British merchants would be in charge of transporting the convicts across

80-623: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Penal colony A penal colony or exile colony is a settlement used to exile prisoners and separate them from the general population by placing them in a remote location, often an island or distant colonial territory . Although the term can be used to refer to a correctional facility located in a remote location, it is more commonly used to refer to communities of prisoners overseen by wardens or governors having absolute authority. Historically, penal colonies have often been used for penal labour in an economically underdeveloped part of

100-679: The Cape Colony a penal colony was deeply unpopular with local residents, sparking the Convict crisis of 1849. Bermuda , off the North American continent, was also used during the Victorian period. Convicts housed in hulks were used to build the Royal Naval Dockyard there, and during the Second Boer War (1899–1902), Boer prisoners-of-war were sent to the archipelago and imprisoned on one of

120-469: The Treasury Islands to the southwest of Shortland Island consists mainly of Mono Island and the smaller Stirling Island ; the other group, which lies to the northeast of Shortland Island, consists of Fauro Island and smaller islands grouped around it - including Masamasa and Piru Islands to the east, Rohae Island to the south, Mania Island to the southwest, Asie Island to the west, Ovau Island to

140-630: The US Navy 's Special Air Task Force (SATFOR) launched four TDR drones on antiaircraft gun positions on Poporang and Balalae. Shortland Island Shortland Island (once known as Alu ) is the largest island of the Shortland Islands archipelago , in the Western Province of Solomon Islands , at 7°3′S 155°45′E  /  7.050°S 155.750°E  / -7.050; 155.750  ( Shortland Island ) . The original name

160-496: The USAAF 's 70th Fighter Squadron used reconnaissance photographs taken by the 17th Reconnaissance Squadron to strike the seaplane base, claiming eight float planes and an IJN destroyer. On 20 May 1944, USS  Montpelier  (CL-57) received light damage from return fire when she and two other light cruisers, along with eight destroyers, bombarded shore installations on Shortland. This Solomon Islands location article

180-484: The Atlantic to the colonies where they would be auctioned off to planters. Many of the indentured servants were sentenced to seven year terms, which gave rise to the colloquial term "His Majesty's Seven-Year Passengers". It is estimated that between 1718 and 1776 about 30,000 convicts were transported to at least nine of the continental colonies, whereas between 1700 and 1775 about 250,000 to 300,000 white immigrants came to

200-509: The Australian colonies. Without the allocation of the available convict labour to farmers, to pastoral squatters , and to government projects such as roadbuilding, colonisation of Australia may not have been possible, especially considering the considerable drain on non-convict labor caused by several gold rushes that took place in the second half of the 19th century after the flow of convicts had dwindled and (in 1868) ceased. A proposal to make

220-461: The area to begin establishing Shortland Harbor Seaplane Base. They established the base, seaplane moorings and fortifications in Tuha Channel and the adjoining land on the southeastern portion of Shortland Island, on Faisi and on the northern portion of Poporang. On the night of 29–30 June 1943, USS  Montpelier  (CL-57) and three other cruisers bombarded Poporang Island in preparation for

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240-556: The area to begin establishing Shortland Harbour Seaplane Base. The Allies considered invading the seaplane base in August 1943, but chose instead to bypass the Shortlands for Bougainville Island and the Treasury Islands , leaving the Shortlands under Japanese control until the war's end. On January 8, 1944, an Allied force of two light cruisers and five destroyers bombarded the installations on Shortland Island. In March 1944, planes from

260-888: The first colonies in the British Empire founded solely to house convicts. Leaving Portsmouth, England on 13 May 1787, the First Fleet transported the first ~800 convicts and ~250 marines to Botany Bay. Between 1788 and 1868, about 162,000 convicts were transported from Great Britain and Ireland to various penal colonies in Australia . Australian penal colonies in late 18th century included Norfolk Island and New South Wales , and in early 19th century also Van Diemen's Land ( Tasmania ) and Moreton Bay (Queensland). Advocates of Irish Home Rule or trade unionism (the Tolpuddle Martyrs ) sometimes received sentences of deportation to

280-513: The installations on Faisi, Poporang, and Shortland Island. In March 1944, planes from the USAAF 's 70th Fighter Squadron used reconnaissance photographs taken by the 17th Reconnaissance Squadron to strike the seaplane base, claiming eight float planes and an IJN destroyer. On 20 May 1944, Montpelier received light damage from return fire when she and two other light cruisers, along with eight destroyers, bombarded shore installations on Shortland, Poporang, and Magusaiai Islands. On 1 October 1944,

300-478: The invasion of New Georgia . The Allies considered invading the seaplane base in August 1943, but chose instead to bypass the Shortlands for Bougainville and the Treasury Islands , leaving the Shortlands under Japanese control until the war's end. On 1 November 1943, Montpelier shelled the Japanese defenses on Poporang and Balalae. On 8 January 1944, an Allied force of two light cruisers and five destroyers bombarded

320-542: The mainland of North America as a whole. More than two-thirds of these felons were transported to the Chesapeake to work for Southern landowners ; in Maryland, during the thirty years before 1776, convicts composed more than one-quarter of all immigrants. However, it is commonly maintained that the vast majority of felons taken to America were political criminals , not those guilty of social crimes such as theft; for example, it

340-640: The northwest and Oema Island to the north. The island group, and the largest island, were named by Royal Navy officer John Shortland in 1788. Shortland was the naval commander of a 1777–79 voyage by the First Fleet to establish a penal colony at Botany Bay , Australia . Germany later claimed the islands and owned them as part of the North Solomon Islands Protectorate until 1900. On March 30, 1942, Japanese war ships entered Shortland Harbor and landed two special naval landing force platoons and met no resistance. One platoon remained in

360-476: The smaller islands. In British India , the colonial government established various penal colonies. Two of the largest ones were on the Andaman Islands and Hijli . In the early days of settlement, Singapore Island was the recipient of Indian convicts, who were tasked with clearing the jungles for settlement and early public works. France sent criminals to tropical penal colonies including Louisiana in

380-510: Was a Melanesian word, while the current name was given to the island by Royal Navy officer John Shortland in 1788. Shortland was the naval commander of a 1777–79 voyage by the First Fleet to establish a penal colony at Botany Bay , Australia . On March 30, 1942, war ships of the Imperial Japanese Navy entered Shortland Harbour and landed two special naval landing force platoons and met no resistance. One platoon remained in

400-432: Was noted of Virginia that "the crimes of which they were convicted were chiefly political, and the number transported for social crimes was never considerable." The colony of Georgia , by contrast, was planned by James Oglethorpe specifically to take in debtors and other social criminals. Oglethorpe referred to them as "the worthy poor" in a philanthropic effort to create a rehabilitative colony where prisoners could earn

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