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25-748: Shimabara was under the rule of the Arima clan in the tumultuous Sengoku period . Arima Harunobu , a daimyō who followed the Christian faith, aligned himself with the eastern army during the Battle of Sekigahara , resulting in the preservation of his domains. However, following the Okamoto Daihachi Incident in 1612, he was imprisoned in Kai Province , and ordered to commit seppuku . Despite this, his son Arima Naozumi distanced himself from his father and had

50-650: A close relationship with the Tokugawa shogunate . Consequently, he inherited his father's estates after the failed incident. In 1614, Naozumi was transferred to Nobeoka Domain in Hyūga Province . Subsequently, the territory came under direct control of the shogunate for a brief period of time. However, in 1616, Matsukura Shigemasa took over the domain from the Yamato-Gojō Domain for 40,000 koku . Matsukura Shigemasa, unlike his father Matsukura Shigenobu , who had been

75-499: A respected general, was known for his oppressive policies towards his subjects and harsh treatment of the Kirishitan . Shimabara Castle was constructed during his tenure, and he relocated his seat from Hinoe Castle. Matsukura Katsuie , who succeeded Shigemasa, implemented even more severe policies than his father. As a testament to Katsuie's brutality, there was a method of execution called "Mino Odori," where individuals who could not pay

100-778: The Sonnō jōi movement. Some defected from the domain to participate in the Tenchugumi Incident and the Tengutō Rebellion. During the Boshin War , which began in January 1868, he submitted to the Meiji government and sent troops to fight against the pro-Tokugawa remnants in northern Japan. In June 1869, he was appointed imperial governor of Shimabara Domain and with the abolition of the han system on July 14, 1871, he moved to Tokyo. In November of

125-530: The Kirishitan rebels, many of whom were former Arima vassals. In 1692, Arima Kiyozumi was transferred (i.e. demoted) from Nobeoka Domain to Itoigawa Domain (50,000 koku ) in Echigo Province due to mismanagement of his domains which resulted in a peasant revolt. Although of almost equal kokudaka as Nobeoka, Itoigawa was a holding of lesser prestige, as it was not permitted a castle. However, in 1695, he

150-611: The Meiji Restoration . The clan is called Hizen-Arima clan after its province of origin to distinguish it from other unrelated clans of the same name. The clan claimed descent from Fujiwara Sumitomo (d. 941 AD), who settled in Iyo Province after the Tengyō no Ran war. During the late Muromachi period , Arima Haruzumi was a powerful retainer of the Ashikaga shogunate and controlled

175-466: The Meiji period kazoku peerage system. Tanba Province Tanba Province ( 丹波国 , Tanba no kuni ) was a province of Japan in the area of central Kyoto and east-central Hyōgo Prefectures . Tanba bordered on Harima , Ōmi , Settsu , Tajima . Tango , Wakasa , and Yamashiro provinces. Its abbreviated form name was Tanshū ( 丹州 ) . In terms of the Gokishichidō system, Tanba

200-668: The Shimabara Peninsula in northern Kyushu , and thus controlled trade between Japan and Portugal . During the Sengoku period , Haruzumi's descendant Arima Harunobu allied with the Shimazu clan of Kagoshima against the Ryūzōji clan at the Battle of Okitanawate . This alliance won and first demonstrated the effects of cannon in the battlefield. Shortly afterwards, Toyotomi Hideyoshi invaded Kyushu and by quickly joining forces with him,

225-630: The Tokugawa shogunate and who could be called upon when necessary for the defense of Kyoto and Osaka. Following the Meiji restoration , Tanba was divided into six districts. Per the early Meiji period Kyudaka kyuryo Torishirabe-chō ( 旧高旧領取調帳 ) , an official government assessment of the nation’s resources, the province had 970 villages with a total kokudaka of 331,954 koku . [REDACTED] Media related to Tamba Province at Wikimedia Commons 35°13′42″N 135°20′58″E  /  35.22833°N 135.34944°E  / 35.22833; 135.34944 This Hyōgo Prefecture location article

250-502: The han system , Shimabara Domain consisted of several discontinuous territories calculated to provide the assigned kokudaka , based on periodic cadastral surveys and projected agricultural yields. Arima clan The Hizen-Arima clan ( Japanese : 肥前有馬氏 , Hepburn : Hizen-Arima-shi ) is a Japanese samurai family. From 1695 until 1871 they ruled the Maruoka Domain as daimyo . They were appointed Viscount after

275-733: The Arima were confirmed in their existing holdings. However, after the start of the Edo period , Arima Harunobu fell from favour due to Tokugawa Ieyasu 's aversion to the Kirishitan faith - the term for the Roman Catholic religion in Japan. This culminated during the Okamoto Daihachi incident , a court intrigue involving Harunobu and the Kirishitan Okamoto Paulo Daihichi. As a result, he

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300-615: The Fukōzu Matsudaira clan was transferred from Fukuchiyama Domain in Tanba Province with a kokudaka of 65,000 koku . The Fukōzu Matsudaira clan ruled Shimabara for the next five generations, but in 1747, the Fukōzu-Matsudaira clan traded places with Toda Tadamitsu of Utsunomiya Domain the kokudaka of the domain increased 77,000 koku . The Toda clan continued for two generations, and in 1774, traded placed back again with

325-679: The Fukōzu-Matsudaira clan, who then ruled for the next eight generations. The final daimyō , Matsudaira Tadakazu carried out military reforms due to the need to strengthen coastal defenses in 1863, but to a much lesser extent than neighbouring Saga Domain . As he was a younger half-brother of the Shogun Tokugawa Yoshinobu , he supported the shogunate in the First Chōshū expedition in 1864, and Second Chōshū expedition in 1866. However, his pro-Shogunate actions caused discontent among lower-ranking samurai. many of who were supporters of

350-573: The Naito clan. During the late Sengoku period , the province was conquered by Akechi Mitsuhide , and after his defeat by Toyotomi Hideyoshi at the Battle of Yamasaki in the aftermath of the assassination of Oda Nobunaga , it was governed by a succession of relatives of the Toyotomi clan . In the Edo Period , Tanba was governed by a mosaic of mostly fudai daimyō domains, who were considered more reliable by

375-513: The Shimabara region, which had been devastated by the rebellion. He implemented a skillful agricultural policy and a policy of encouraging colonization from other parts of Japan to resettle the area. However, Kōriki Takanaga, who succeeded Tadafusa, was so eager to establish the domain's revenues that he made many mismanagement decisions, leading to a reprimand from the shogunate and the removal of his domain in 1668. In his place, Matsudaira Tadafusa of

400-578: The commander-in-chief was Rōjū Matsudaira Nobutsuna . Nobutsuna rallied approximately 120,000 troops from various daimyō to besiege Hara Castle. This army including the seasoned warrior Tachibana Muneshige . The rebel force was no match for the well-supplied shogunate army, which was also supported by a Dutch naval bombardment offshore, resulting in the rebellion's suppression three months later. The rebels, including Amakura Shirō, were mercilessly slaughtered without quarter. Conversely, Matsukura Katsuie also faced severe scrutiny for his role in precipitating

425-539: The districts closer to the capital as "Tanba". The Tanba area is rugged, and can be roughly divided into several river basins separated by mountains. For this reason, historically the province has been difficult to govern as a whole. On the other hand, its proximity to the capital gave it a strategic importance. During the Muromachi period , the Hosokawa clan were the shugo of the province, but governed through their proxies,

450-424: The leader of the rebels seizing Hara Castle . The unpopularity of Matsukura rule so intense that some members of Matsukura's army defected to the rebel side, rendering his forces insufficient to suppress the rebellion. Recognizing the gravity of the situation, the shogunate dispatched a pacification force led by Itakura Shigemasa . However, this force proved ineffective and Itakura perished in battle. Replacing him as

475-789: The province is the Izumo-daijingū also located in Kameoka. The province had an area of 1,283.43 square kilometres (495.54 sq mi). Before the establishment of the Ritsuryō system, the area was under control of the Tanba Kokuzō and included both the Tanba and Tango areas. The province of Tango was created in 713 during the reign of Empress Genmei by separating the northern five districts (Kasa District, Yoza District, Tamba District (later Naka District), Takeno District, and Kumano District) into "Tango", and

500-468: The revolt through misgovernment, and he was beheaded after the rebellion was quelled. This denial of the honorable punishment of seppuku and his execution by beheading as a common criminal exemplified the shogunate's grave view of the severity of his crimes. After Matsukura Katsuie, Kōriki Tadafusa, a long-time retainer of the Tokugawa clan, was transferred from Hamamatsu Domain and worked hard to restore

525-461: The same year, he received permission from the government to travel to Europe and the United States. In October 1873, he returned to Japan from England, and was later given the kazoku peerage title of viscount. Shimabara has a warm climate, but is a volcanic region with poor soil, and it is said that the actual harvest yield for tax was less than the official kokudaka . As with most domains in

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550-515: The yearly tax were dressed in a cloak and burned alive. Shimabara was described as a true hell, as even the children of those unable to pay the tax were captured and executed. Additionally, the reported collection of 40,000 koku was inflated to 100,000 koku in order to gain favor with the shogunate. The people's anger towards Katsuie's oppressive policies eventually erupted, leading to the Shimabara Rebellion of 1637, with Amakusa Shirō as

575-514: Was one of the provinces of the San'indō circuit. Under the Engishiki classification system, Tanba was ranked as one of the "superior countries" (上国) in terms of importance, and one of the "near countries" (近国) in terms of distance from the capital. The provincial capital is believed to have been located in what is now the city of Kameoka , although the exact location remains uncertain. The ichinomiya of

600-409: Was relieved of his offices and sentenced to die by Tokugawa Ieyasu . Although his son, Arima Naozumi was married to an adopted daughter of Tokugawa Ieyasu, at the start of the suppression of the Kirishitan religion, he was transferred from Shimabara to Nobeoka Domain (53,000 koku ) in Hyūga Province in 1614. During the Shimabara Rebellion of 1637-1638, he led an army of 4000 troops against

625-514: Was transferred again to Maruoka Domain in Echizen Province , which was permitted a castle. The Arima clan continued to rule Maruoka Domain until the Meiji restoration and abolition of the han system in 1871. The last daimyō of Maruoka, Arima Michizumi served as jisha-bugyō , wakadoshiyori and rōjū in the Bakumatsu period of the Tokugawa shogunate, and was made a viscount in

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