75-692: The Shell Centre in London is the global headquarters of oil major Shell plc . It is located on Belvedere Road in the London Borough of Lambeth . It is a prominent feature on the South Bank of the River Thames near County Hall , and now forms the backdrop to the London Eye . The original Shell Centre comprised the tower building and three now-demolished adjoining nine-storey wings (collectively formerly known as
150-502: A 1981 post-apocalyptic dystopian action film about apocalyptic fuel shortages. Being politically influential, vertically integrated , well organized, and able to negotiate cohesively as a cartel, the Seven Sisters were initially able to exert considerable power over Third World oil producers. Despite their market power, the Seven Sisters kept prices stable at moderate levels. This was done to not incentivize governments in both
225-642: A British national museum. The exhibition, which was viewed by over 80,000 people, featured themed rooms with photographs of the royal family, war heros, authors, composers, and celebrities. The exhibition traveled to the United States and was displayed as 600 Faces by Beaton 1928-69 at the Museum of the City of New York in 1969. A week before the New York opening, Beaton photographed Andy Warhol and members of his Factory as
300-592: A compelling model or scene and looking for the perfect shutter-release moment. He was a photographer for the British edition of Vogue in 1931 when George Hoyningen-Huene , photographer for the French Vogue travelled to England with his new friend Horst . Horst himself would begin to work for French Vogue in November of that year. The exchange and cross pollination of ideas between this collegial circle of artists across
375-600: A cream Dior dress for her 21st birthday in 1951, which became one of the most iconic royal portraits of the 20th century. During the Second World War , Beaton was first posted to the Ministry of Information and given the task of recording images from the home front. During this assignment he captured one of the most enduring images of British suffering during the war, that of 3-year-old Blitz victim Eileen Dunne recovering in hospital, clutching her beloved teddy bear. When
450-608: A few giant corporations, was popularized in print from the late 1960s. Today it is often used to refer specifically to the seven supermajors. The use of the term in the popular media often excludes the national producers and OPEC oil companies who have a much greater global role in setting prices than the supermajors. China's two state-owned oil companies , Sinopec and the China National Petroleum Corporation , as well as Saudi Aramco , had greater revenues in 2022 than any investor-owned oil company. In
525-462: A last minute addition to the show. After the war, Beaton tackled the Broadway stage, designing sets , costumes, and lighting for a 1946 revival of Lady Windermere's Fan , in which he also acted. His costumes for Lerner and Loewe 's My Fair Lady (1956) were highly praised. This led to two Lerner and Loewe film musicals, Gigi (1958) and My Fair Lady (1964), each of which earned Beaton
600-424: A lifelong passion for performing arts and in particular ballet and operetta. The Beaton programme is considered to be almost the final words on an era of "Bright Young Things" whose sunset had taken place by the time of the abdication of Edward VIII . Beaton commented specifically on Wallis Simpson (later titled The Duchess of Windsor after her marriage to the former King Edward VIII ). The Duchess of Windsor
675-405: A number of hurdles in terms of nationalizing the oil production. First, a number of oil-producing countries did not have independence and were controlled by empires. Second, great powers had installed compliant heads of state in several oil-producing countries, making those leaders reliant on the support of the great powers and unwilling to upset them. Third, a number of oil-producing countries lacked
750-651: A popular model which was renowned for being an ideal piece of equipment to learn on. Beaton's nanny began teaching him the basics of photography and developing film. He would often get his sisters and mother to sit for him. When he was sufficiently proficient, he would send the photos off to London society magazines, often writing under a pen name and "recommending" the work of Beaton. Beaton attended Harrow School , and then, despite having little or no interest in academia, moved on to St John's College , Cambridge , and studied history, art and architecture. Beaton continued his photography and, through his university contacts, got
825-724: A portrait depicting the Duchess of Malfi published in Vogue . It was actually George "Dadie" Rylands – "a slightly out-of-focus snapshot of him as Webster's Duchess of Malfi standing in the sub-aqueous light outside the men's lavatory of the ADC Theatre at Cambridge." Beaton left Cambridge without a degree in 1925. After a short time in the family timber business, he worked with a cement merchant in Holborn . This resulted in "an orgy of photography at weekends" so he decided to strike out on his own. Under
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#1732851983833900-614: A restrictive covenant in favour of Shell that restricts any building on the part of the site directly between the Shell Tower and the River Thames. The naming of the Shell Centre buildings perpetuated the split of the Festival site into distinct Upstream and Downstream areas, separated by the railway viaduct approach to Hungerford Bridge . During construction, parts of abandoned works for
975-502: A space dedicated to amateur productions – had full fly tower facilities. The courtyard of the Upstream Building included two notable sculptures: The public realm of the Upstream Building was steadily degraded over the years, with the generous space between the columns of the entrance from York Road enclosed to enlarge the foyers. Textured paving in contrasting colours was installed to assist partially sighted pedestrians navigate
1050-730: A substantial consolidation phase of "Major" Oil companies which would result in a group of dominant "Super-Major" entities. Big Oil previously referred to seven oil companies which formed the Consortium for Iran ; such " Seven Sisters " were the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (a predecessor of BP), Shell plc, three of Chevron's predecessors (Standard Oil of California, Gulf Oil and Texaco ), and two of ExxonMobil's predecessors ( Jersey Standard and Standard Oil of New York ). The term, analogous to others such as Big Steel , Big Tech , and Big Pharma which describe industries dominated by
1125-537: A year for several years to come." From 1930 to 1945, Beaton leased Ashcombe House in Wiltshire, where he entertained many notable figures. In 1947, he bought Reddish House , set in 2.5 acres of gardens, approximately 5 miles (8.0 km) to the east in Broad Chalke . Here he transformed the interior, adding rooms on the eastern side, extending the parlour southwards, and introducing many new fittings. Greta Garbo
1200-496: Is a name sometimes used to describe the world's six or seven largest publicly traded and investor-owned oil and gas companies , also known as supermajors . The term, particularly in the United States , emphasizes their economic power and influence on politics. Big Oil is often associated with the fossil fuels lobby and also used to refer to the industry as a whole in a pejorative or derogatory manner. Sources conflict on
1275-410: Is the outflow point of the Shell Centre's air conditioning system, which sucks in river water from just outside County Hall and sends it via a pipe within a bolt iron tunnel (built exactly like a tube railway tunnel), to a point convergent with the outfall, beyond which both the intake pipe and the outflow pipes continue under the embankment and Jubilee Gardens to the basement of the tower. From here
1350-531: The Financial Times called these "the new Seven Sisters". According to consulting firm PFC Energy , by 2012 only 7% of the world's known oil reserves were in countries that allowed private international companies free rein. Fully 65% were in the hands of state-owned companies. The Era of the Super Major was an industry report published by Douglas Terreson of Morgan Stanley on 13 February 1998. Mr. Terreson
1425-506: The Academy Award for Best Costume Design . He also designed the period costumes for the 1970 film On a Clear Day You Can See Forever . His additional Broadway credits include The Grass Harp (1952), The Chalk Garden (1955), Saratoga (1959), Tenderloin (1960), and Coco (1969). He was the recipient of four Tony Awards . He designed the sets and costumes for a production of Puccini's last opera Turandot , first used at
1500-583: The Channel and the Atlantic gave rise to the look of style and sophistication for which the 1930s are known. Beaton is known for his fashion photographs and society portraits. He worked as a staff photographer for Vanity Fair and Vogue in addition to photographing celebrities in Hollywood. In 1938, he inserted some tiny-but-still-legible anti-Semitic phrases (including the word ' kike ') into American Vogue at
1575-541: The Laing Art Gallery , Newcastle-upon-Tyne . Cecil Beaton: Theatre of War at the Imperial War Museum , London: major retrospective of Beaton's war photography, held from 6 September 2012 – 1 January 2013. Cecil Beaton at Home: Ashcombe & Reddish at The Salisbury Museum, Wiltshire, from 23 May- 19 September 2014, a biographical retrospective focussing on Beaton's two Wiltshire houses, brought together for
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#17328519838331650-620: The OECD , namely CNPC , Gazprom (Russia) , National Iranian Oil Company (Iran) , Petrobras (Brazil) , PDVSA (Venezuela) , Petronas (Malaysia) , and Saudi Aramco (Saudi Arabia) . Other companies not directly involved in trading oil and gas, but still supplying accessories such as drilling, fracking and refining equipment, have also been associated with Big Oil due to their political influence. In particular, Koch Industries and Wilks Masonry have actively funded lobby groups, think tanks and media outlets aligned with Big Oil. In
1725-551: The OPEC cartel and state-owned oil companies , primarily located in the Middle East. A trend of increasing influence of the OPEC cartel, state-owned oil companies in emerging-market economies is shown and the Financial Times has used the label "The New Seven Sisters" to refer to a group of what it argues are the most influential national oil and gas companies based in countries outside of
1800-531: The Torre Velasca in Milan . Facilities for staff were lavish by the standards of the time, and the basement of the building was designed with a full size swimming pool and a spacious gymnasium. The basement also originally housed a rifle range, snooker room, a small supermarket for staff and a host of other facilities. Until 1998, there was also a fully equipped theatre (designed by Cecil Beaton ) which – unusually for
1875-499: The Waterloo and Whitehall Railway were discovered. This was a prototype for a proposed pneumatic railway that would have run under the River Thames linking Waterloo and Charing Cross . Digging was started in 1865, but was stopped in 1868, due to financial problems. Visible in the Thames at low tide just in line with the tower as water turbulence at one point a few feet into the river bed
1950-462: The maritime industry, six to seven large oil companies that decide a majority of the crude oil tanker chartering business are called "Oil Majors". The expression "Seven Sisters" was coined by the head of the Italian state oil company ( Eni ), Enrico Mattei , who sought membership for his company, but was rejected. The history of the supermajors traces back to the seven oil companies which formed
2025-704: The " Consortium for Iran " cartel and dominated the global petroleum industry from the mid-1940s to the 1970s. The Seven Sisters were: By the 1930s, the Seven Sisters dominated oil production in the world. The companies owned nearly all rights to the oil in Iran , Iraq , Saudi Arabia , and the Persian Gulf . The companies established jointly owned companies (such as the Iraq Petroleum Company ) to legally tie their hands together, facilitate cooperation, and prevent cheating on one another. The companies sought to limit
2100-489: The "Upstream Building"). The original development also included the "Downstream Building", which had the same nine-storey slab block form but was separated from the Upstream Building by the railway viaduct between Charing Cross and Waterloo East . Since 2004/05, a New Year 60-second countdown has been projected onto the Shell Centre at 11:59pm every New Year's Eve as part of the Mayor of London 's fireworks celebrations centred on
2175-474: The 2022 Fortune Global 500 than Eni, though the company frequently touts that it is an independent refiner focused on midstream and downstream operations which does not have significant upstream activities. In the media, however, Valero is sometimes called a "Big Oil" company and grouped with the other large companies. As a group, the supermajors control around 6% of global oil and gas reserves. Conversely, 88% of global oil and gas reserves are controlled by
2250-482: The Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (now BP ), and Iranian oil was subjected to an international embargo . In an effort to bring Iranian oil production back to international markets, the U.S. State Department suggested the creation of a consortium of major oil companies, several of which were daughter corporations of John D. Rockefeller 's original Standard Oil monopoly. In 1959, the Seven Sisters reduced
2325-507: The Energy sector. Corporate performance was very positive in Energy through 2007, underscoring the premise that the "Super-Major" thesis would create significant economic value for shareholders: This process of consolidation created some of the largest global corporations as defined by the Forbes Global 2000 ranking, and as of 2007 all were within the top 25. Between 2004 and 2007 the profits of
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2400-566: The Metropolitan Opera in New York and then at Covent Garden. Beaton designed the academic dress of the University of East Anglia . Cecil Beaton was a published and well-known diarist. In his lifetime, six volumes of diaries were published, spanning the years 1922–1974. Recently some unexpurgated material has been published. "In the published diaries, opinions are softened, celebrated figures are hailed as wonders and triumphs, whereas in
2475-506: The Royal Family for official publication. Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother was his favourite royal sitter, and he once pocketed her scented hankie as a keepsake from a highly successful shoot. Beaton took the famous wedding pictures of the Duke and Duchess of Windsor (wearing an haute couture ensemble by the noted American fashion designer Mainbocher ). He photographed Princess Margaret in
2550-460: The Saudi oil production ultimately became jointly controlled by four of the seven sisters, thus making it easier to maintain coordination between the Seven Sisters. According to Jeff Colgan, the Seven Sisters faced two major problems. The first revolved around coordinating the activities of the companies so that oil prices would be kept high. The second revolved around cooperation with the governments of
2625-591: The Shell Tower. The staff amenities of the swimming pool and theatre in the basements have not been re-provided in the new development. The Charoux 'Motorcyclist' sculpture was reinstated on the Chicheley Street side of the development in May 2019 but (as at April 2024) Franta Belsky's 'Shell Fountain' has not yet been re-erected. 51°30′13.8″N 00°7′0.8″W / 51.503833°N 0.116889°W / 51.503833; -0.116889 Oil major Big Oil
2700-458: The Super-Major", BP and Amoco merged, representing the largest industrial combination on Wall Street at that time. The combined value of the stocks of those 2 companies rose significantly and that merger was followed by ExxonMobil , BP-Amoco-Arco, ConocoPhillips , Chevron-Texaco- Unocal , Total-Petrofina-Elf and others. The phase represented one of the largest consolidation phases in the history of
2775-449: The auction house, Garner acquired Beaton's archive – excluding all portraits of the Royal Family, and the five decades of prints held by Vogue in London, Paris and New York. Garner, who had almost single-handedly invented the photographic auction, oversaw the archive's preservation and partial dispersal, so that Beaton's only tangible assets, and what he considered his life's work, would ensure him an annual income. The first of five auctions
2850-465: The capital and technical expertise to run the oil production, as well as needed access to North American and European markets. Fourth, oil-producing countries feared that they would be punished by Western governments and firms if they nationalized oil production (as Mohammad Mossadegh was when he nationalized the Iranian oil industry). In 1951, Iran nationalized its oil industry , previously controlled by
2925-482: The centre's buildings have generally been regarded as dull. However, the extremely traditional cladding has meant that the buildings have weathered better than most of their contemporaries with concrete or aggregate faced façades or curtain wall glazing. The original interiors were luxuriously appointed, and as well as contributions from a British design team (many of whom had worked on the Festival of Britain), they included work by Ernesto Nathan Rogers who had worked on
3000-422: The complex steps and ramps of the site, but also served to deter rough sleepers and skateboarders . The Shell Centre was constructed by Sir Robert McAlpine between 1957 and 1962, to a design by Sir Howard Robertson , and the tower stands at 107 metres (351 ft) with 27 storeys (26 numbered and a mezzanine level) and extends three storeys below ground. The tower was the first London office tower to exceed
3075-628: The consumer and producer countries to impose regulations on the oil industry. Preceding the 1973 oil crisis , the Seven Sisters controlled around 85 per cent of the world's petroleum reserves . In the 1970s, many countries with large reserves nationalized holdings of all major oil companies. Since then, industry dominance has shifted to the OPEC cartel and state-owned oil and gas companies in emerging-market economies , such as Saudi Aramco , Gazprom (Russia), China National Petroleum Corporation , National Iranian Oil Company , PDVSA (Venezuela), Petrobras (Brazil), and Petronas (Malaysia). In 2007,
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3150-486: The exact makeup of Big Oil today, though the companies which are most frequently mentioned as supermajors are ExxonMobil , Shell , TotalEnergies , BP , Chevron and Eni , with ConocoPhillips frequently being included as well prior to spinning off its downstream operations into Phillips 66 . The phrase "Super-Major" emanated from a report published by Douglas Terreson of Morgan Stanley in February 1998. The report foretold
3225-648: The family business of "Beaton Brothers Timber Merchants and Agents", and his father followed into the business. Ernest Beaton was an amateur actor and met his wife, Cecil's mother Esther ("Etty") when playing the lead in a play. She was the daughter of a Cumbrian blacksmith named Joseph Sisson and had come to London to visit her married sister. Ernest and Etty Beaton had four children – Cecil; two daughters, Nancy Elizabeth Louise Beaton (1909–99, who married Sir Hugh Smiley, Baronet ) and Barbara Jessica Beaton (1912–73, known as Baba, who married Alec Hambro); and one son, Reginald Ernest Hardy Beaton (1905–33). Cecil Beaton
3300-532: The first time many art works and possessions from both eras of Beaton's life. The exhibition included a full-size reproduction of the murals and four-poster bed from the Circus Bedroom at Ashcombe, as well as a section of the drawing room at Reddish House. In the 1989 Australian film Darlings of the Gods , Beaton was portrayed by Shane Briant . In the 2010 series Upstairs Downstairs (series 1, episode 3), Beaton
3375-458: The former staff cafeteria into a shopping centre, and to construct a contrasting new glazed office building on the Podium Site to the south, which was then a paved open space above underground car parking. In July 2011, Shell announced that a joint venture of Canary Wharf Group and Qatari Diar had bought a virtual freehold (a 999-year lease) on the Shell Centre for £300m, and would redevelop
3450-734: The height of the Victoria Tower of the Palace of Westminster . It replaced the Midland Grand Hotel as the tallest storied building in London , and the Royal Liver Building as the tallest in the United Kingdom . On completion the building also held the record for the largest office building, by floor space, in Europe. In addition to being the headquarters for the group, it also acts as
3525-464: The image was published, America had not yet officially joined the war, but images such as Beaton's helped push the Americans to put pressure on their government to help Britain in its hour of need. Beaton had a major influence on and relationship with Angus McBean and David Bailey . McBean was a well-known portrait photographer of his era. Later in his career, his work is influenced by Beaton. Bailey
3600-534: The industry and operate upstream , midstream , and downstream . ConocoPhillips is less frequently counted as one of the Big Oil companies due to spinning off its downstream division into Phillips 66 . Additionally, ConocoPhillips in 2022 ranked lower than any of the six major Big Oil companies on the Fortune Global 500 , and its revenue was superseded by Phillips 66 in 2022. Valero Energy ranked higher on
3675-732: The interview was recorded at Beaton's 17th-century home of Reddish House in Broad Chalke in Wiltshire (near Salisbury). Beaton, though frail, recalled events in his life, particularly from the 1930s and 1940s ( the Blitz ). Among the recollections were his associations with stars of Hollywood and British Royalty notably The Duke and Duchess of Windsor (whose official wedding photographs Beaton took on 3 June 1937 at relatively short notice); and official portraits of Queen Elizabeth (later Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother) and Queen Elizabeth II on her Coronation day on 2 June 1953. The interview also alluded to
3750-478: The main offices of the following Shell businesses; refining and marketing, along with a number of functional support activities such as finance and human resources. The Shell Centre is also the head office of Shell's United Kingdom business (Shell UK Ltd.), which was formerly located in Shell Mex House . In 2004, a planning application was approved to convert the lower floors of the Upstream Building courtyard and
3825-437: The maritime industry, a group of six companies that control the chartering of the majority of oil tankers worldwide are together referred to as "oil majors" . These are: Shell , BP , ExxonMobil , Chevron , TotalEnergies and ConocoPhillips . Charter parties such as "Shelltime 4" frequently mention the phrase "oil major". Cecil Beaton Sir Cecil Walter Hardy Beaton CBE (14 January 1904 – 18 January 1980)
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#17328519838333900-596: The originals, Cecil can be as venomous as anyone I have ever read or heard in the most shocking of conversation" wrote their editor, Hugo Vickers . The last public interview given by Sir Cecil Beaton was in January 1980 for an edition of the BBC's radio programme Desert Island Discs . The interviewer was Roy Plomley . The recording was broadcast on Friday 1 February 1980 following the Beaton family's permission. Owing to Beaton's frailty,
3975-480: The other parts of the market. The premise of the report was that "a confluence of industry dynamics would conspire to produce a strategic and financial environment that was conducive to major consolidation activity in the Integrated Oil sector. Significant modifications to the strategic landscape would result, dictating competitive placement and equity market performance for years to come". The report indicated that
4050-466: The patronage of Osbert Sitwell he put on his first exhibition in the Cooling Gallery, London. It caused quite a stir. Believing that he would meet with greater success on the other side of the Atlantic, he left for New York and slowly built up a reputation there. By the time he left, he had "a contract with Condé Nast Publications to take photographs exclusively for them for several thousand pounds
4125-505: The phase would be driven by the competitive implications of: (1) the globalization of privatized national oil companies and (2) the rising stature of specialized multinationals. Combinations were expected primarily between Major Oils which would then become "Super-Majors" which was a phrase created at Morgan Stanley in the late 1990's to denote the prototype model for success in the Integrated Oil industry as gains in globalization and scale unfolded. Within 6 months of publication of "The Era of
4200-434: The price of oil for Venezuela and Middle Eastern producers, which provoked anger among oil-producing governments. This prompted the oil-producing governments to take the initial steps to establish OPEC. The Seven Sisters threatened the OPEC founders that they would lose market access if they went ahead with their plans. The head of the Italian state oil company ( Eni ), Enrico Mattei , sought membership for his company, but
4275-539: The side of an illustration about New York society. The issue was recalled and reprinted, and Beaton was fired. Beaton returned to England, where the Queen recommended him to the Ministry of Information (MoI). He became a leading war photographer, best known for his images of the damage done by the German Blitz . His style sharpened and his range broadened, Beaton's career was restored by the war. Beaton often photographed
4350-413: The site. The tower was to be left in place, but the rest of the site was replaced by a new scheme of offices, shops and restaurants. The new development is called Southbank Place . The 9-storey ranges of the Upstream Building have now been replaced by a cluster of new predominantly glazed towers around the original Shell tower. They are considerably taller than the earlier buildings, but are all lower than
4425-465: The six supermajors totaled US$ 494.8 billion. Many of these now-merged companies remain in the Fortune Global 500 , with ExxonMobil ranking 12th, Total ranking 27th, BP ranking 35th, and Chevron ranking 37th in the 2022 edition of the list. The composition of Big Oil is subject to wide debate. Nearly all accounts of Big Oil include ExxonMobil , Chevron , Shell , BP , Eni and TotalEnergies . All six of these companies are vertically integrated within
4500-695: The stretch of the Thames in front of the London Eye. The Downstream Building was disposed of by Shell in the 1990s. It has been heightened by one storey and is now a block of residential apartments known as the Whitehouse Apartments. The Shell Centre occupies part of the site cleared for the 1951 Festival of Britain . The areas closer to the River Thames now include Jubilee Gardens and the South Bank Centre . Jubilee Gardens remained undeveloped prior to its laying out as an open space, largely because of
4575-513: The supply of oil by controlling the speed at which oil fields were developed. From the 1920s to 1940s, they had agreements not to produce oil in the Middle East unless it was in coordination with one another. After the 1940s, the companies continued to collude. The discovery of massive oil fields in Saudi Arabia threatened to scuttle the cartel, as control of the oil fields by two companies could undermine existing supply management schemes. However,
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#17328519838334650-584: The territories containing the oil reserves: the companies sought to minimize the taxes and royalties paid to the governments. In terms of dealing with host governments, the Seven Sisters benefitted from the willingness of British and American governments to pressure and coerce the host governments. The oil companies also slowed down production when taxes and royalties were increased by one host government while ramping up production in other territories with lower taxes and royalties, thus pressuring host governments to keep taxes and royalties low. Host governments faced
4725-609: The water is sent through filters and heat exchangers to provide cooled air in the building. The pipes had to be specially supported on adjustable jacks, during excavation work for the extension of the Jubilee line in 1995, because of settlement during the driving of an access tunnel out from Jubilee Gardens, to the main running lines in York Road via Chicheley Street. The choice of Portland Stone cladding, and bronze framed individual upright windows were denounced by Modern Movement critics, and
4800-489: Was Stephen Tennant . Beaton's photographs of Tennant and his circle are considered some of the best representations of the Bright Young People of the twenties and thirties. Beaton's first camera was a Box Brownie . Over the course of his career, he employed both large format cameras, and smaller Rolleiflex cameras. Beaton was never known as a highly skilled technical photographer, and instead focused on staging
4875-533: Was knighted in the 1972 New Year Honours . Two years later, he suffered a stroke that left him permanently paralysed on the right side of his body. Although he learnt to write and draw with his left hand, and had cameras adapted, Beaton became frustrated by the limitations the stroke had put upon his work. As a result of his stroke, Beaton became anxious about financial security for his old age and, in 1976, entered into negotiations with Philippe Garner , expert-in-charge of photographs at Sotheby's . On behalf of
4950-551: Was a British fashion, portrait and war photographer, diarist , painter, and interior designer, as well as costume designer and set designer for stage and screen. His accolades includes three Academy Awards and four Tony Awards . Beaton was born on 14 January 1904 in Hampstead , north London, the son of Ernest Walter Hardy Beaton (1867–1936), a prosperous timber merchant, and his wife, Esther "Etty" Sisson (1872–1962). His grandfather, Walter Hardy Beaton (1841–1904), had founded
5025-401: Was a visitor. He remained at the house until his death in 1980 and is buried in the parish church graveyard. Beaton designed book jackets (see Catherine Ives ), and costumes for charity matinees, learning the craft of photography at the studio of Paul Tanqueray , until Vogue took him on regularly in 1927. He set up his own studio, and one of his earliest clients and, later, best friends
5100-457: Was educated at Heath Mount School (where he was bullied by Evelyn Waugh ) and St Cyprian's School , Eastbourne , where his artistic talent was quickly recognised. Both Cyril Connolly and Henry Longhurst report in their autobiographies being overwhelmed by the beauty of Beaton's singing at the St Cyprian's school concerts. When Beaton was growing up, his nanny had a Kodak 3A Camera,
5175-706: Was held from March to April 1988 and was divided between the Fashion Institute of Technology , whose exhibit focused on Beaton's fashion photography, and the Grey Art Gallery , whose exhibit focused on photographs of his personal life and celebrities. Major exhibitions have been held at the National Portrait Gallery in London in 1968 and in 2004. The first international exhibition in thirty years, and first exhibition of his works to be held in Australia
5250-575: Was held in Bendigo, Victoria from 10 December 2005 to 26 March 2006. In October 2011, the BBC's Antiques Roadshow featured an oil portrait by Beaton of rock star Mick Jagger , whom Beaton met in the 1960s. The painting, originally sold at the Le Fevre Gallery in 1966, was valued for insurance purposes at £30,000. The Museum of the City of New York dedicated an exhibition to Cecil Beaton from October 2011 to April 2012. An exhibition celebrating The Queen's Diamond Jubilee and showing portraits of Her Majesty by Cecil Beaton, opened in October 2011 at
5325-426: Was held in 1977, the last in 1980. By the end of the 1970s, Beaton's health had faded. He died on 18 January 1980 at Reddish House , his home in Broad Chalke , Wiltshire, four days after his 76th birthday. An exhibition of his works, curated by David Alan Mellor , opened on May 16, 1986, at the Barbican Centre in London, and was scheduled to travel to Barcelona and New York by 1988. The New York exhibition
5400-404: Was influenced by Beaton when they met while working for British Vogue in the early 1960s. Bailey's use of square format (6x6) images is similar to Beaton's own working patterns. In 1968, the National Portrait Gallery in London mounted its inaugural photographic exhibition Beaton Portraits 1928-68 . Furthermore, it was the first time a retrospective for living photographer's work was shown at
5475-459: Was rejected and since then spread the expression "Seven Sisters". British writer Anthony Sampson took over the term when he wrote the book The Seven Sisters in 1975, to describe the oil cartel that tried its best to eliminate competitors and keep control of the world's oil resource. The term for the oil cartel was further popularized, along with a fictional logo, in Mad Max 2: The Road Warrior ,
5550-690: Was still alive at the time of the original Beaton interview and broadcast. Beaton said that the one record that he would retain on the desert island should the others get washed away would be Beethoven's Symphony No 1 , and his chosen book was a compendium of photographs he had taken down the years of "...people known and unknown; people known but now forgotten". Beaton had relationships with various men and women , including former Olympic fencer and teacher Kinmont Hoitsma (his last lover), actresses Greta Garbo and Coral Browne , dancer Adele Astaire , Greek socialite Madame Jean Ralli (Julie Marie 'Lilia' Pringo), and British socialite Doris Castlerosse . He
5625-421: Was the top-rated Integrated Oil analyst according to Institutional Investor magazine at the time and had a broad following within the global investment community. After many years of poor industry performance by the Energy sector. Mr. Terreson suggested that business models had become obsolete, and that major strategic change was needed across the global Energy sector for value propositions to become competitive with
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