143-552: Shankar–Jaikishan (also known as S-J ) were an Indian composer duo of the Hindi film industry, working together from 1949 to 1971. They are widely considered to be one of the greatest music composers of the Hindi film industry. After Jaikishan’s death in 1971, Shankar continued as a music director alone until his own death in 1987. During this solo career, he was still credited as 'Shankar–Jaikishan'. Shankar–Jaikishan, along with other artists, composed "everlasting" and "immortal melodies" in
286-405: A hardness of up to 1000 ppm, around three times higher than is desirable, is the main source of drinking water but the increasing population and consequent increase in demand has led to a decline in not only ground water but also river and lake levels. This shortage is further exacerbated by inadequately treated affluent discharged from industrial treatment plants polluting the water sources of
429-754: A year-long siege of the Golconda Fort. The annexed city "Hyderabad" was renamed Darul Jihad (House of War), whereas the main territories of the Golconda Sultanate were incorporated into the Mughal empire as the province Hyderabad Subah . Mughal rule in Hyderabad was administered by three main governors: Jan Sipar Khan (1688–1700), his son Rustam Dil Khan (1700–13) and Mubariz Khan (1713–24). In 1713, Mughal emperor Farrukhsiyar appointed Mubariz Khan as Governor of Hyderabad. During his tenure, he fortified
572-399: A `prelude' (preparatory music to create and introduce the environment and mood for the beginning of the song), then the mukhda starts and is followed by 'interlude' containing music pieces on the orchestra. With very few exceptions ("Ye mera deewana pan hai" is a good example), they always used different interludes before each stanza. 'Multi-layered music studded with counter melodies' played by
715-480: A close friendship to the extent that the people started referring to them 'Ram-Lakshman' and by several similar-meaning nicknames. Apart from following their musical pursuits, they also used to play significant roles in various plays including the famous play Pathan . While working in Prithvi Theatre, Shankar and Jaikishan used to compose tunes and were in touch with Raj Kapoor , who was working as an assistant to
858-517: A combination of vehicle discharge and road dust, 10–30% from industrial discharges and 3–10% from the burning of household rubbish. Deaths resulting from atmospheric particulate matter are estimated at 1,700–3,000 each year. The city's "VIP areas", the Assembly building, Secretariat, and Telangana chief minister's office, have particularly low air quality index ratings, suffering from high levels of PM2.5 's. Ground water around Hyderabad, which has
1001-480: A core team with lyricists Shailendra (himself regarded as perhaps the greatest modern day Hindi film music lyricist) and Hasrat Jaipuri and with singers Mohammed Rafi , Lata Mangeshkar and Asha Bhosle . SJ had two other lifelong companions who worked as their assistants: Dattaram Wadkar and Sebastian D'Souza , the former supervising their rhythm section and the latter writing musical notations for all SJ compositions (during SJ's musical sittings as can be seen in
1144-414: A disciple of Vinayak Tambe. Apart from working at Prithvi Theatre, Shankar used to frequently visit the office of a Gujarati director, Chandravadan Bhatt, who had promised Shankar a break as composer when he produced a film. It was outside the office of Bhatt that Shankar saw Jaikishan a number of times. He started a conversation one day and discovered that Jaikishan was a harmonium player, and also visiting
1287-434: A disease caused by excessive consumption of alcohol. At the time of his death, the duo enjoyed an unparalleled popularity which was underlined by a massive turnout at his funeral procession. Gaylord, a restaurant at Churchgate (Mumbai) where Jaikishan used to be a regular visitor, mourned the death of its illustrious patron by lighting a candle on his favorite table for one month and keeping it out of bounds for other guests with
1430-573: A fixed annual rent, got the right to control and collect the taxes at Coromandel Coast . In 1769 Hyderabad city became the formal capital of the Asaf Jahi Nizams. In response to regular threats from Hyder Ali (Dalwai of Mysore ), Baji Rao I ( Peshwa of the Maratha Empire ), and Basalath Jung (Asaf Jah II's elder brother, who was supported by French General the Marquis de Bussy-Castelnau ),
1573-578: A joint effort. Furthermore, each of the two could compose in the other's style now and then thereby making the identification still more difficult. Contrary to the popular mis-conception that 'it was Jaikishan who used to handle the public relations and business/financial aspects of the duo's career', the fact is that it was Shankar who had the final say on all financial/business aspects of the SJ-team. After Jaikishan's very early death in September 1971, Shankar flew
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#17331145021501716-478: A lot of bitterness between the two, as Shankar considered it a violation of the unwritten agreement between them. At about the same time, Shankar gave a break to singer Sharda and started promoting her as the new singing sensation in preference over Lata Mangeshkar. Jaikishan, however, stuck to Lata Mangeshkar for his compositions. In this period, Shankar and Jaikishan started taking individual contracts for films though every such film continued to show them together as
1859-774: A music bank where he stored compositions of S-J. Even after the termination of the professional association between Shankar and Raj Kapoor (Jaikishan had died by then), the latter had used a number of S-J's earlier compositions (which were in his custody) for all his films though the credits were given officially to other composers, e.g., Laxmikant-Pyarelal ( Bobby , Satyam Shivam Sundaram, Prem Rog) and Ravindra Jain (Ram Teri Ganga Maili). S-J also worked with other stars like Kishore Kumar , Shammi Kapoor , Rajendra Kumar , Dev Anand , Sunil Dutt , Manoj Kumar , Biswajeet , Joy Mukherjee and Dharmendra . Beside them S-J combo worked above all with Mohammed Rafi and secondly Mukesh, and produced numbers of hits and unmatchable gems. Mohammed Rafi
2002-533: A number of photographs of such sessions) and then rehearsing all the musicians of the grand SJ orchestra according to SJ's compositions and directions. SJ also patronized the immensely talented singer Manna Dey , who sang his best songs with them and used Mukesh 's silken voice as playback for Raj Kapoor. Among the directors, they worked most closely with Raj Kapoor and were considered the kingpins of his legendary banner RK Films . They were commercial geniuses in addition to be wonderfully god-blessed in music. They led
2145-496: A number of songs done jointly in which both of them contributed. Between the two, Shankar was the senior partner and hence, he would usually arrange the orchestra, even for Jaikishan's songs. There was a gentleman's agreement between them for not identifying the actual composer of the song. As a result, it has been a popular pastime for S-J aficionados to try to tell a Shankar song from a Jaikishan song. Dance numbers, title/theme songs and soulful songs were Shankar's forte while Jaikishan
2288-575: A peace treaty was signed and the Musunuri Nayakas ceded Golconda Fort to the Bahmani Sultan. The Bahmani Sultans ruled the region until 1518 and were the first independent Muslim rulers of the Deccan. In 1496 Sultan Quli was appointed as a Bahmani governor of Telangana. He rebuilt, expanded and fortified the old mud fort of Golconda and named the city "Muhammad Nagar". In 1518, he revolted against
2431-524: A period of political unrest as his sons and grandson— Nasir Jung (1748–1750), Muzaffar Jang (1750–1751) and Salabat Jung (1751–1762)—contended for the throne backed by opportunistic neighbouring states and colonial foreign forces. The accession of Asaf Jah II , who reigned from 1762 to 1803, ended the instability. In 1768 he signed the Treaty of Masulipatam —by which the East India Company in return for
2574-403: A team with Hasrat Jaipuri and Shailendra as their lyricists; but after the demise of Shailendra, they worked with a host of other lyricists such as Indeevar , Gulshan Bawra , Gopaldas Neeraj , Verma Malik, Majrooh Sultanpuri , Vithhal Bhai Patel and Rajinder Krishan , to name a few. S-J were the "house composers" for RK Films and were on their payroll till the end. Raj Kapoor used to maintain
2717-639: A televised interview. However, it was only after Raj Kapoor's own death in 1988 that the significance of his association with Shankar–Jaikishan was brought out in great detail. Chandrakant Bhosle first noticed Shankar, as Shankar was popularly known among his friends, in Mumbai in 1945 when Shankarji arrived in Mumbai with ballet troupe of guru Krishnankutty and dancer Hemawati. Bhosle was a tabla player and had become closely associated with Shankar. He used to play rhythm in Shankar's orchestra from 1949 until Shankar's death. On
2860-411: A theater group run by Satyanarayan and Hemawati, before shifting to Prithvi Theatre where he played tabla and performed some minor roles in plays. It was at Prithvi Theatre that he learnt to play and mastered several other instruments like Sitar, Accordion and Piano. Besides his work at Prithvi Theatre, he also started working as an assistant to the leading composer duo of Husnlal Bhagatram and nurtured
3003-405: A traditional manufacturing city to a cosmopolitan industrial service centre. Since the 1990s, the growth of information technology (IT), IT-enabled services (ITES), insurance and financial institutions has expanded the service sector, and these primary economic activities have boosted the ancillary sectors of trade and commerce, transport, storage, communication, real estate and retail. As of 2021 ,
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#17331145021503146-671: A variety of Raagas in their compositions. Shankar Jaikishan also used the western classical -based waltz rhythm in a number of songs. Shankar-Jaikishan gave a new style and meaning to the genre of sad songs by composing them on a fast tempo. Songs like "Zindagi Mein Hardam Rota Hi Raha" (Barsaat), "Tera Jana Dil Ke Armanon" (Anari), "Haye Tu Hi Gaya Mohe Bhool Re" (Kathputli), "Aye Mere Dil Kahin Aur Chal' (Daag) and "Andhe Jahan Ke Andhe Raate" (Patita) demonstrated this. The last two songs, along with many others (notably " Awaara Hoon " from
3289-517: Is a civic administration agency overseeing an area of 40.1 km (15.5 sq mi), where there are several military camps. The Osmania University campus is administered independently by the university authority. Appointed in February 2021, Gadwal Vijayalakshmi of Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS) is serving as the mayor of GHMC. In Hyderabad police jurisdiction is divided into three commissionerates: Hyderabad (established in 1847 AD,
3432-563: Is dotted with residential areas such as Malkajgiri , Neredmet , A. S. Rao Nagar and Uppal . In the eastern part of the city lie many defence research centres and Ramoji Film City . The "Cyberabad" area in the southwest and west of the city, consisting of Madhapur and Gachibowli has grown rapidly since the 1990s. It is home to information technology and bio-pharmaceutical companies and to landmarks such as Hyderabad Airport, Osman Sagar , Himayath Sagar and Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park . Heritage buildings constructed during
3575-954: Is engaged in this sector. Hyderabad's role in the pearl trade has given it the name " City of Pearls " and up until the 18th century, the city was the only global trading centre for diamonds known as Golconda diamonds . Industrialisation began under the Nizams in the late 19th century, helped by railway expansion that connected the city with major ports. From the 1950s to the 1970s, Indian enterprises, such as Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL), Nuclear Fuel Complex (NFC), National Mineral Development Corporation (NMDC), Bharat Electronics (BEL), Electronics Corporation of India Limited (ECIL), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), State Bank of Hyderabad (SBH) and Andhra Bank (AB) were established in
3718-564: Is from the city. The development of HITEC City , a township with extensive technological infrastructure, prompted multinational companies to establish facilities in Hyderabad. The city is home to more than 1300 IT and ITES firms that provide employment for 407,000 individuals; the global conglomerates include Microsoft , Apple , Amazon , Google , IBM , Yahoo! , Oracle Corporation , Dell , Facebook , CISCO , and major Indian firms including Tech Mahindra , Infosys , Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), Polaris, Cyient and Wipro . In 2009
3861-739: Is home to regional birds and attracts seasonal migratory birds from different parts of the world. Organisations engaged in environmental and wildlife preservation include the Telangana Forest Department , Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education , the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), the Animal Welfare Board of India , the Blue Cross of Hyderabad and
4004-489: Is left of me to say anything more, I had never thought that at such an early age he would leave us all and go; Anyway his good qualities of maintaining goodwill, giving love and receiving love were innate in him and I too don't have them in me. He used to regularly remind me of my innate quality of being in a boisterous mood all the time and always abrasive with some one or the other and so on and so forthwith......." Jaikishan died on 12 September 1971 due to cirrhosis of liver ,
4147-601: Is managed by the Integrated Solid Waste Management project which was started by the GHMC in 2010. Rapid urbanisation and increased economic activity has led to increased industrial waste , air , noise and water pollution , which is regulated by the Telangana Pollution Control Board (TPCB). The contribution of different sources to air pollution in 2006 was: 20–50% from vehicles, 40–70% from
4290-727: Is the seat of the Government of Telangana , Government of Andhra Pradesh and the President of India's winter retreat Rashtrapati Nilayam , as well as the Telangana High Court and various local government agencies. The Lower City Civil Court and the Metropolitan Criminal Court are under the jurisdiction of the High Court. The GHMC area contains 24 State Legislative Assembly constituencies, which form five constituencies of
4433-566: The Rajpramukh (Princely Governor) of the state until it was abolished on 31 October 1956. Between 1946 and 1951, the Communist Party of India fomented the Telangana uprising against the feudal lords of the Telangana region . The Constitution of India , which became effective on 26 January 1950, made Hyderabad State one of the part B states of India, with Hyderabad city continuing to be
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4576-464: The Buddha statue and Tankbund Park are located here. In the northwest part of the city there are upscale residential and commercial areas such as Banjara Hills , Jubilee Hills , Begumpet , Khairtabad , Tolichowki , Jagannath Temple and Miyapur . The northern end contains industrial areas such as Kukatpally , Sanathnagar , Moosapet , Balanagar , Patancheru and Chanda Nagar . The northeast end
4719-640: The Deccan Plateau in the northern part of South India. Greater Hyderabad covers 650 km (250 sq mi), making it one of the largest metropolitan areas in India. With an average altitude of 542 m (1,778 ft), Hyderabad lies on predominantly sloping terrain of grey and pink granite , dotted with small hills, the highest being Banjara Hills at 672 m (2,205 ft). The city has numerous lakes sometime referred to as sagar , meaning "sea". Examples include artificial lakes created by dams on
4862-757: The Indian Union or newly formed Dominion of Pakistan . The Hyderabad State Congress, with the support of the Indian National Congress and the Communist Party of India , began agitating against Nizam VII in 1948. On 17 September that year, the Indian Army took control of Hyderabad State after an invasion codenamed Operation Polo . With the defeat of his forces, Nizam VII capitulated to the Indian Union by signing an Instrument of Accession , which made him
5005-726: The Kacheguda railway station , all designed by Vincent Esch . Other landmark structures of the city constructed during his regin are the State Central Library , the Telangana Legislature, the State Archaeology Museum , Jubilee Hall , and Hyderabad railway station . Other landmarks of note are Paigah Palace , Asman Garh Palace , Basheer Bagh Palace , Errum Manzil and the Spanish Mosque , all constructed by
5148-648: The Kakatiya dynasty from 1158, whose seat of power was at Warangal —148 km (92 mi) northeast of modern Hyderabad. The Kakatiya ruler Ganapatideva (1199–1262) built a hilltop outpost —later known as Golconda Fort —to defend their western region. The Kakatiya dynasty was reduced to a vassal of the Khalji dynasty in 1310 after its defeat by Sultan Alauddin Khalji of the Delhi Sultanate . This lasted until 1321 when
5291-650: The Lok Sabha (the lower house of the Parliament of India). The HMWSSB (Hyderabad Metropolitan Water Supply & Sewage Board) regulates rainwater harvesting , sewerage services, and water supply. In 2005, the HMWSSB started operating a 116 km-long (72 mi) water supply pipeline from Nagarjuna Sagar Dam to meet increasing demand. The Telangana Southern Power Distribution Company Limited (TSPDCL) manages electricity supply. As of 2014 , there were 15 fire stations in
5434-492: The Paigah family . Recent estimates of the economy of Hyderabad's metropolitan area have ranged from US$ 40- US$ 74 billion ( PPP GDP ), and have ranked it either fifth- or sixth- most productive metro area of India . Hyderabad is the largest contributor to the gross domestic product (GDP), tax and other revenues, of Telangana, and the sixth largest deposit centre and fourth largest credit centre nationwide, as ranked by
5577-567: The Qutb Shahi and Nizam eras showcase Indo-Islamic architecture influenced by Medieval , Mughal and European styles. After the 1908 flooding of the Musi River , the city was expanded and civic monuments constructed, particularly during the rule of Mir Osman Ali Khan (the VIIth Nizam), whose patronage of architecture led to him being referred to as the maker of modern Hyderabad. In 2012,
5720-514: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in June 2012. Its per capita annual income in 2011 was ₹ 44,300 (US$ 530). As of 2006 , the largest employers in the city were the state government (113,098 employees) and central government (85,155). According to a 2005 survey, 77% of males and 19% of females in the city were employed. The service industry remains dominant in the city, and 90% of the employed workforce
5863-1137: The Reserve Bank of India , the Telangana Secretariat , the India Government Mint , the Telangana Legislature , the Public Gardens , Shahi Masjid , the Nizam Club , the Ravindra Bharathi , the State Museum , the Birla Temple and the Birla Planetarium . North of central Hyderabad lies Hussain Sagar, Tank Bund Road , Rani Gunj and the Secunderabad railway station . Most of the city's parks and recreational centres, such as Sanjeevaiah Park , Indira Park , Lumbini Park , NTR Gardens ,
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6006-563: The Stone Age . In 2008, Archaeologists excavating near the city have unearthed Iron Age sites that may date from 500 BCE . The region comprising modern Hyderabad and its surroundings was ruled by the Chalukya dynasty from 624 CE to 1075 CE. Following the dissolution of the Chalukya empire into four parts in the 11th century, Golconda—now part of Hyderabad—came under the control of
6149-585: The University of Hyderabad . According to the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014 part 2 Section 5: "(1) On and from the appointed day, Hyderabad in the existing State of Andhra Pradesh, shall be the common capital of the State of Telangana and the State of Andhra Pradesh for such period not exceeding ten years. (2) After the expiry of the period referred to in subsection (1), Hyderabad shall be
6292-521: The World Bank Group ranked the city as the second best Indian city for doing business . The city and its suburbs contain the highest number of special economic zones of any Indian city. The Automotive industry in Hyderabad is also emerging and making it an automobile hub. Automobile companies including as Hyundai , Hyderabad Allwyn , Praga Tools , HMT Bearings , Ordnance Factory Medak , Deccan Auto and Mahindra & Mahindra have units in
6435-768: The south-west summer monsoon falls between June and October, supplying Hyderabad with most of its mean annual rainfall. Since records began in November 1891, the heaviest rainfall recorded in a 24-hour period was 241.5 mm (10 in) on 24 August 2000. The highest temperature ever recorded was 45.5 °C (114 °F) on 2 June 1966, and the lowest was 6.1 °C (43 °F) on 8 January 1946. The city receives 2,731 hours of sunshine per year; maximum daily sunlight exposure occurs in February. Hyderabad has been ranked 21st best "National Clean Air City" (under Category 1 >10L Population cities) in India according to 'Swachh Vayu Survekshan 2024 Results' Hyderabad's lakes and
6578-509: The 1950s, 1960s, and early 1970s. Their best work was noted for being "raga-based and having both lilt and sonority". Shankar Singh Ram Singh Raghuvanshi (15 October 1922 – 26 April 1987) was from Hyderabad , British India . During his formative years, Shankar played the tabla and learned the art formally from Baba Nasir Khansahib. For many years, Shankar studied as a disciple of the legendary composer Khawaja Khurshid Anwar , in whose orchestra he performed. Shankar started his career with
6721-523: The 1990s, the city has emerged as an Indian hub of pharmaceuticals and biotechnology and information technology. The formation of the special economic zones of Hardware Park and HITEC City , dedicated to information technology, has encouraged leading multinationals to set up operations in Hyderabad. The name Hyderabad means "Haydar's City" or "Lion City", from haydar 'lion' and ābād 'city', after Caliph Ali Ibn Abi Talib , also known as Haydar because of his lion-like valour in battle. The city
6864-430: The 2005 National Family Health Survey, it was reported that the city's total fertility rate is 1.8, which is below the replacement rate . Only 61% of children had been provided with all basic vaccines ( BCG , measles and full courses of polio and DPT ), fewer than in all other surveyed cities except Meerut . The infant mortality rate was 35 per 1,000 live births, and the mortality rate for children under five
7007-409: The 2011 census, the religious make-up of Greater Hyderabad was: Hindus (64.9%), Muslims (30.1%), Christians (2.8%), Jains (0.3%), Sikhs (0.3%) and Buddhists (0.1%); 1.5% did not state any religion. Languages of Hyderabad (2011) Telugu and Urdu are both official languages of the city, and most Hyderabadis are bilingual. The Telugu dialect spoken in Hyderabad is called Telangana Mandalika , and
7150-582: The Bahmani Sultanate and established the Qutb Shahi dynasty . The fifth Qutb Shahi sultan, Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah , established Hyderabad on the banks of the Musi River in 1591, to avoid water shortages experienced at Golconda. During his rule, he had the Charminar and Mecca Masjid built in the city. On 21 September 1687, the Golconda Sultanate came under the rule of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb after
7293-485: The Bollywood music in spite of tough competition from maestros like Naushad, C Ramchandra, Roshan, SD Burman, OP Nayyar, Salil Choudhury and Madan Mohan and remained on the top much to the chagrin of very highly talented music directors. S-J worked with almost all singers of their time. They had a good working relationship with all of them and were masters in extracting the very best from every one of them. They were steady as
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#17331145021507436-452: The CWE are illiterate. About 3.7% of the slum children aged 5–14 do not go to school and 3.2% work as child labour , of whom 64% are boys and 36% are girls. The largest employers of child labour are street shops and construction sites. Among the working children, 35% are engaged in hazardous jobs. The historic city established by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah on the southern side of the Musi River forms
7579-573: The Charminar, Mecca Masjid, Salar Jung Museum , Nizam Museum , Telangana High Court , Falaknuma Palace , Chowmahalla Palace and the traditional retail corridor comprising the Pearl Market , Laad Bazaar and Madina Circle . North of the river are hospitals, colleges, major railway stations and business areas such as Begum Bazaar , Koti , Abids , Sultan Bazar and Moazzam Jahi Market , along with administrative and recreational establishments such as
7722-677: The Delhi sultanate in 1333—took Warangal under their direct control and declared it as their capital. In 1347 when Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah , a governor under bin Tughluq, rebelled against Delhi and established the Bahmani Sultanate in the Deccan Plateau , with Gulbarga —200 km (124 mi) west of Hyderabad—as its capital, both the neighbouring rulers Musunuri Nayakas of Warangal and Bahmani Sultans of Gulbarga engaged in many wars until 1364–65 when
7865-638: The GHMC area ("Hyderabad city"), and the area under the Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority (HMDA). The HMDA is an apolitical urban planning agency that covers the GHMC and its suburbs, extending to 54 mandals in five districts encircling the city. It coordinates the development activities of GHMC and suburban municipalities and manages the administration of bodies such as the Hyderabad Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board (HMWSSB). Hyderabad
8008-506: The Gym and being highly impressed by his virtuosity, Dattaram became his disciple and remained with S-J throughout. As recalled by Dattaram, Sebastian used to write the musical notations of S-J's compositions and also conducted the orchestra. Shankar-Jaikishan's compositions broke new ground in Hindi film music. Apart from relying upon their knowledge of Indian classical music , they also employed western beats and orchestration. Shankar-Jaikishan were
8151-555: The Hadhrami Arabs are the largest, declined after Hyderabad State became part of the Indian Union, as they lost the patronage of the Asaf Jahi Nizams. Hindus are in the majority. Muslims form a very large minority and are present throughout the city and predominate in and around the Old City of Hyderabad . There are also Christian, Sikh, Jain, Buddhist and Parsi communities and iconic churches , mosques and temples . According to
8294-407: The Hyderabad economic zone. Fiat Chrysler Automobiles , Maruti Suzuki and Triton Energy will invest in Hyderabad. Barsaat (1949 film) Barsaat (English: Rain ) is a 1949 Indian Hindi -language film directed by Raj Kapoor . The film stars the famous duo of Kapoor and Nargis as well as Prem Nath . It was also the introduction of actress Nimmi in her first film role. Barsaat
8437-401: The IT exports from Hyderabad were ₹ 1,45,522 crore ( US$ 19.66 billion), the city houses 1500 IT and TES companies that provide 628,615 jobs. Hyderabad's commercial markets are divided into four sectors: central business districts, sub-central business centres, neighbourhood business centres and local business centres. Many traditional and historic bazaars are located throughout
8580-409: The Indian government proposed that the sites be listed for UNESCO World Heritage status . Among the oldest surviving examples of Nizam architecture in Hyderabad is the Chowmahalla Palace , which was the seat of royal power . It showcases a diverse array of architectural styles, from the Baroque Harem to its Neoclassical royal court. The other palaces include Falaknuma Palace (inspired by
8723-459: The Kakatiya dynasty was annexed by Malik Kafur , Khalji's general. During this period, Khalji took the Koh-i-Noor diamond, which is said to have been mined from the Kollur Mines of Golconda, to Delhi. Muhammad bin Tughluq succeeded to the Delhi sultanate in 1325, bringing Warangal under the rule of the Tughlaq dynasty ; Malik Maqbul Tilangani was appointed its governor. In 1336 the regional chieftains Musunuri Nayakas —who revolted against
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#17331145021508866-475: The Musi, such as Hussain Sagar (built-in 1562 near the city centre), Osman Sagar and Himayat Sagar . As of 1996 , the city had 140 lakes and 834 water tanks (ponds). Hyderabad has a tropical wet and dry climate ( Köppen Aw ) bordering on a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh ). The annual mean temperature is 26.6 °C (79.9 °F); monthly mean temperatures are 21–33 °C (70–91 °F). Summers (March–June) are hot and dry, with average highs in
9009-454: The Nizam signed a subsidiary alliance with the East India Company in 1798, allowing the British Indian Army to be stationed at Bolarum (modern Secunderabad ) to protect the state's capital, for which the Nizams paid an annual maintenance to the British. Until 1874 there were no modern industries in Hyderabad. With the introduction of railways in the 1880s, four factories were built to the south and east of Hussain Sagar lake, and during
9152-447: The SJ flag which had been rampant in Bollywood ever since Barsaat's release in 1949. However, he was never able to regain the popularity that Shankar - Jaikishan once enjoyed after Jaikishan's death. Shankar Jaikishan made a major contribution towards the development of jazz music in India and the new genre Indo jazz . Their 1968 album Raaga-Jazz style is the earliest Indo-jazz recording in India. In this album, considered to be one of
9295-585: The Telangana region were merged with the Telugu-speaking Andhra State to create Andhra Pradesh, with Hyderabad as its capital. Several protests, known collectively as the Telangana movement , attempted to invalidate the merger and demanded the creation of a new Telangana state. Major actions took place in 1969 and 1972, and a third began in 2010. The city suffered several explosions: one at Dilsukhnagar in 2002 claimed two lives; terrorist bombs in May and August 2007 caused communal tension and riots ; and two bombs exploded in February 2013 . On 30 July 2013
9438-401: The Urdu spoken is called Deccani . English is a "Secondary official language" is pervasive in business and administration, and it is an important medium of instruction in education and publications. A significant minority speak other languages, including Bengali , Hindi , Kannada , Marathi , Marwari , Odia , Punjabi and Tamil . As of 2012, in the greater metropolitan area, 13% of
9581-421: The amalgamation of local and migrated artisans, with painting , handicraft , jewellery , literature , dialect and clothing prominent even today. For its cuisine , the city is listed as a creative city of gastronomy by UNESCO . The Telugu film industry based in the city is the highest-grossing film industry in India as of 2021 . Until the 19th century , Hyderabad was known for the pearl industry and
9724-458: The ambition of becoming an independent music director. Jaikishan Dayabhai Panchal (4 November 1929 – 12 September 1971) was born to Dahyabhai Panchal and his wife. As a child he lived in Bansda (Vansada), a town in the present-day state of Gujarat . Jaikishan was adept at playing the harmonium . Subsequently, he obtained his musical lessons from Sangeet Visharad Wadilalji and later from Prem Shankar Nayak. After moving to Mumbai , he became
9867-471: The background scores. On the other hand, both Shankar and Jaikishan were equally proficient in scoring western music based songs. Despite their distinct working styles and preferences, it is very difficult, if not altogether impossible, to ascribe most of their songs to only one of them. In most of the songs, they invariably contributed to one another's creation, either in the form of improvisation of tune or of orchestration, thus, making their compositions truly
10010-585: The best example of this genre. It is said that Jaikishan would count some numbers on his fingers before coming up with the background score for a particular scene on the spot! Two of S-J's films, viz., Sangam (1964) and Mera Naam Joker (1971) are regarded even today as having some of the best background musical scores of Hindi films till date. Although, by and large, it was Jaikishan who used to work on background music of SJ movies as per their mutually agreed division of work, it may be an over-simplification to presume that therefore, whatever went in background scores
10153-594: The box office. His most-successful musical hit was Sanyasi in 1975 for which he scored all songs and the entire background score based upon SJ's favorite Raag Bhairavi to prove the point that SJ's Bhairavi was as much Shankar's as that of Jaikishan. After Sanyasi, although some of Shankar's later songs did exhibit flashes of the old maestro's brilliance, overall, these films Aatmaram, Garam Khoon, Chorni, Eint ka Jawab Pathar) did not succeed in endearing him to leading production houses, though there were some exceptions. For example, actor Dharmendra had signed Shankar to compose
10296-756: The capital of the State of Telangana and there shall be a new capital for the State of Andhra Pradesh." The same sections also define that the common capital includes the existing area designated as the Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation under the Hyderabad Municipal Corporation Act, 1955. As stipulated in sections 3 and 18(1) of the Reorganisation Act, city MLAs are members of the Telangana state assembly. The Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC) oversees
10439-697: The capital. In his 1955 report Thoughts on Linguistic States , B. R. Ambedkar , then chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Indian Constitution , proposed designating the city of Hyderabad as the second capital of India because of its amenities and strategic central location. On 1 November 1956 the states of India were reorganised by language. Hyderabad state was split into three parts, which were merged with neighbouring states to form Maharashtra , Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh . The nine Telugu - and Urdu -speaking districts of Hyderabad State in
10582-544: The city and controlled the internal and neighbouring threats. In 1714 Farrukhsiyar appointed Asaf Jah I as Viceroy of the Deccan —(administrator of six Mughal governorates) with the title Nizam-ul-Mulk (Administrator of the Realm). In 1721, he was appointed as Prime Minister of the Mughal Empire . His differences with the court nobles led him to resign from all the imperial responsibilities in 1723 and leave for Deccan. Under
10725-481: The city being subsequently named Hyderabad in her honour. In the year 1597, Hyderabad gained the epithet Farkhunda Bunyad ( lit. ' Of Auspicious Foundation ' ). Following the Mughal conquest of Hyderabad , emperor Aurangzeb changed the epithet to Dar-ul-Jihad ( lit. ' Abode of Holy War ' ), a title which appears on coins minted in the city during the reigns of Aurangzeb and Kam Bakhsh . The later Mughal emperor Shah Alam returned
10868-580: The city has 7,400,000 voters of which 3,850,000 are male and 3,500,000 are female. The corporators elect the Mayor , who is the titular head of GHMC; executive powers rest with the Municipal Commissioner, appointed by the state government. The GHMC carries out the city's infrastructural work such as building and maintenance of roads and drains, town planning including construction regulation, maintenance of municipal markets and parks, solid waste management,
11011-624: The city has housed the Rashtrapati Nilayam , the winter office of the president of India . Relics of the Qutb Shahi and Nizam eras remain visible today; the Charminar has come to symbolise the city. By the end of the early modern era, the Mughal Empire had declined in the Deccan, and the Nizam's patronage attracted men of letters from various parts of the world. A distinctive culture arose from
11154-404: The city limits, and has a population of 9.7 million residents in the metropolitan region , making it the sixth-most populous metropolitan area in India. With an output of US$ 95 billion, Hyderabad has the sixth-largest urban economy in India. The Qutb Shahi dynasty's Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah established Hyderabad in 1591 to extend the capital beyond the fortified Golconda . In 1687,
11297-491: The city manufactured one third of India's bulk drugs and 16% of biotechnology products, contributing to its reputation as "India's pharmaceutical capital" and the " Genome Valley of India". Hyderabad is a global centre of information technology, for which it is known as Cyberabad (Cyber City). As of 2013 , it contributed 15% of India's and 98% of Andhra Pradesh's exports in IT and ITES sectors and 22% of NASSCOM 's total membership
11440-423: The city to its older epithet of Farkhunda Bunyad , and consequently Mughal coins of Shah Alam and Muhammad Shah feature this title as the city's mint-name. The discovery of Megalithic burial sites and cairn circles in the suburbs of Hyderabad, in 1851 by Philip Meadows Taylor , a polymath in the service of the Nizam, had provided evidence that the region in which the city stands has been inhabited since
11583-670: The city was annexed by the Mughals . In 1724, Asaf Jah I , the Mughal viceroy , declared his sovereignty and founded the Asaf Jahi dynasty , also known as the Nizams . Hyderabad served as the imperial capital of the Asaf Jahis from 1769 to 1948. As the capital of the princely state of Hyderabad , the city housed the British Residency and cantonment until Indian independence in 1947. Hyderabad
11726-603: The city's largest zoo, is the first in India to have a lion and tiger safari park . Hyderabad has three national parks ( Mrugavani National Park , Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park and Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park ), and the Manjira Wildlife Sanctuary is about 50 km (31 mi) from the city. The other environmental reserves of Hyderabad are Kotla Vijayabhaskara Reddy Botanical Gardens , Ameenpur Lake , Shamirpet Lake , Hussain Sagar , Fox Sagar Lake , Mir Alam Tank and Patancheru Lake , which
11869-409: The city, Laad Bazaar being the prominent among all is popular for selling a variety of traditional and cultural antique wares, along with gems and pearls. The establishment of Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Limited (IDPL), a public sector undertaking, in 1961 was followed over the decades by many national and global companies opening manufacturing and research facilities in the city. As of 2010 ,
12012-610: The city, operated by the Telangana State Disaster and Fire Response Department. The government-owned India Post has five head post offices and many sub-post offices in Hyderabad, which are complemented by private courier services. Hyderabad produces around 4,500 tonnes of solid waste daily, which is transported from collection units in Imlibun , Yousufguda and Lower Tank Bund to the dumpsite in Jawaharnagar . Disposal
12155-595: The city. The Commissionerate of Health and Family Welfare is responsible for planning, implementation and monitoring of all facilities related to health and preventive services. As of 2010 –11, the city had 50 government hospitals, 300 private and charity hospitals and 194 nursing homes providing around 12,000 hospital beds, fewer than half the required 25,000. For every 10,000 people in the city, there are 17.6 hospital beds, 9 specialist doctors, 14 nurses and 6 physicians. The city has about 4,000 individual clinics. Private clinics are preferred by many residents because of
12298-547: The city. The city is home to Hyderabad Securities formerly known as Hyderabad Stock Exchange (HSE), and houses the regional office of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). In 2013, the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) facility in Hyderabad was forecast to provide operations and transactions services to BSE- Mumbai by the end of 2014. The growth of the financial services sector has helped Hyderabad evolve from
12441-423: The civic infrastructure of the city, there are six administrative zones of GHMC: South Zone–( Charminar ), East Zone–( L. B. Nagar ), West Zone–( Serilingampally ), North Zone–( Kukatpally ), Northeast Zone–( Secunderabad ) and Central Zone–( Khairatabad ); these zones consist of 30 "circles", which together encompass 150 municipal wards . Each ward is represented by a corporator , elected by popular vote, as of 2020
12584-505: The composers. Mohd. Rafi intervened and helped them settle their differences; however, it is conjectured that their relationship was not the same as earlier and this impacted the quality of their compositions which had started exhibiting a decline (which is clearly noticeable in the movies released during the last phases of Jaikishan's lifetime and those released just after his demise). On the other hand, Jaikishan, Hasrat and Shankar all had denied, whenever quizzed on this topic, that there ever
12727-523: The continued Shankar-bashing and false propaganda by his rivals and lack of motivation on his own part due to which his music appeared to suffer in comparison to S-J's own high standards. Also, in spite of his continued experimentation on music, the projects themselves for which he worked did not turn out to be commercial successes due to which even his good scores went largely unnoticed. After 1970, when Raj Kapoor's personal project Mera Naam Joker did not do very well, he became superstitious and thought that this
12870-509: The country. as of 2011 census , there are 3,500,802 male and 3,309,168 female citizens—a sex ratio of 945 females per 1000 males, higher than the national average of 926 per 1000. Among children aged 0–6 years, 373,794 are boys and 352,022 are girls—a ratio of 942 per 1000. Literacy stands at 83% (male 86%; female 80%), higher than the national average of 74.04%. The socio-economic strata consist of 20% upper class , 50% middle class and 30% working class . Referred to as "Hyderabadi",
13013-452: The distance to, poor quality of care at and long waiting times in government facilities, despite the high proportion of the city's residents being covered by government health insurance: 24% according to a National Family Health Survey in 2005. As of 2012 , many new private hospitals of various sizes were opened or being built. Hyderabad has outpatient and inpatient facilities that use Unani , homoeopathic and Ayurvedic treatments. In
13156-493: The early 20th century, Hyderabad was transformed into a modern city with the establishment of transport services , underground drainage, running water, electricity , telecommunications, universities, industries, and Begumpet Airport . The Nizams ruled the princely state of Hyderabad during the British Raj . After India gained independence , the Nizam declared his intention to remain independent rather than become part of
13299-428: The end. S-J enjoyed an unrivalled position in the Hindi film industry. During their heyday and even toward the later part of their career, they were the highest paid music directors in the industry. Barring stray exceptions, they were paid more than the leading actors and the promotional material of their films would give them more prominence than anyone else. "What can I say... my musical partner in life has gone, what
13442-510: The famous director Kidar Sharma and was aspiring to be an actor/director. Thus, the three had met at Prithvi Theatre. Raj Kapoor made his debut as a director with the film Aag in 1948. Its music director Ram Ganguly was assisted by Shankar and Jaikishan. However, during the recording of a song for his new venture Barsaat , Raj Kapoor had some serious differences with Ram Ganguly and decided to assign its music to Shankar who insisted on taking Jaikishan as his partner. Thus came into existence
13585-539: The film Awaara ), also demonstrate the composers’ use of musical instruments – a harmonium is used to produce the effect of a piano accordion . "We have never thought of the public as the 'masses', but as individuals who want the best from us" While working as a team, Shankar and Jaikishan used to compose their songs separately. Generally, Shankar liked to work with Shailendra and Jaikishan with Hasrat Jaipuri though there are notable instances where Shankar worked with Hasrat and Jaikishan with Shailendra. Of course there are
13728-468: The film at in the Kashmir Valley , making it the first film to be ever shot in the valley. The much-acclaimed poster and publicity for the movie were illustrated by the master artist Dr S. M. Pandit . One of the posters showing the heroine dangling on the arm of the hero would go on to inspire the R K Studios' famous logo. The music of Barsaat became famous upon the film's release in 1949. The film
13871-462: The final assent of the President of India, Telangana state was formed on 2 June 2014. Hyderabad is 1,566 km (973 mi) south of Delhi , 699 km (434 mi) southeast of Mumbai , and 570 km (350 mi) north of Bangalore by road. It is situated in the southern part of Telangana in southeastern India, along the banks of the Musi River , a tributary of Krishna River located on
14014-411: The government of India declared Hyderabad the first "Best heritage city of India". Qutb Shahi architecture of the 16th and early 17th centuries followed classical Persian architecture featuring domes and colossal arches. The oldest surviving Qutb Shahi structure in Hyderabad is the ruins of the Golconda Fort built in the 16th century. Most of the historical bazaars that still exist were constructed on
14157-530: The government of India declared that part of Andhra Pradesh would be split off to form a new Telangana state and that Hyderabad city would be the capital city and part of Telangana, while the city would also remain the capital of Andhra Pradesh for no more than ten years. On 3 October 2013 the Union Cabinet approved the proposal, and in February 2014 both houses of Parliament passed the Telangana Bill . With
14300-506: The heritage region of Hyderabad called the Purana Shahar (Old City), while the "New City" encompasses the urbanised area on the northern banks. The two are connected by many bridges across the river, the oldest of which is Purana Pul —("old bridge") built in 1578 AD. Hyderabad is twinned with neighbouring Secunderabad , to which it is connected by Hussain Sagar . Many historic and heritage sites lie in south central Hyderabad, such as
14443-623: The influence of Asaf Jah I's opponents, Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah issued a decree to Mubariz Khan , to stop Asaf Jah I which resulted in the Battle of Shakar Kheda . In 1724, Asaf Jah I defeated Mubariz Khan to establish autonomy over the Deccan , named the region Hyderabad Deccan , and started what came to be known as the Asaf Jahi dynasty . Subsequent rulers retained the title Nizam ul-Mulk and were referred to as Asaf Jahi Nizams, or Nizams of Hyderabad . The death of Asaf Jah I in 1748 resulted in
14586-644: The issuing of birth and death certificates, the issuing of trade licences, collection of property tax, and community welfare services such as mother and child healthcare, and pre-school and non-formal education. The GHMC was formed in April 2007 by merging the Municipal Corporation of Hyderabad (MCH) with 12 municipalities of the Hyderabad , Ranga Reddy and Medak districts covering a total area of 650 km (250 sq mi). The Secunderabad Cantonment Board
14729-461: The knowledge of others. Hyderabad Hyderabad ( / ˈ h aɪ d ər ə b æ d / HY -dər-ə-bad ; ISO : Haidarābād , Telugu: [ˈɦaɪ̯daɾaːbaːd] , Urdu: [ˈɦɛːdəɾaːbaːd] ) is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Telangana . It occupies 650 km (250 sq mi) on the Deccan Plateau along the banks of the Musi River , in
14872-425: The last decade of the 20th century, and 63% claimed to have lived in the slums for more than 10 years. Overall literacy in the slums is 60–80% and female literacy is 52–73% . A third of the slums have basic service connections, and the remainder depend on general public services provided by the government. There are 405 government schools, 267 government-aided schools, 175 private schools, and 528 community halls in
15015-485: The legendary countdown radio program on Hindi film music, where their compositions were declared the most popular on six occasions (a record later equalled by Laxmikant Pyarelal). These songs were " Mera Joota Hai Japani " in 1955 (Shree 420), "Teri Pyari Pyari Surat Ko" in 1961 (Sasural), "Ehsaan Tera Hoga Mujh Par" in 1962 (Junglee), "Bol Radha Bol" in 1964 (Sangam), "Baharon Phool Barsaao" in 1966 (Suraj), and " Zindagi Ek Safar Hai Suhana" in 1971 (Andaaz). In 1959, seven of
15158-495: The mid-to-high 30s Celsius; maximum temperatures often exceed 40 °C (104 °F) between April and June. The coolest temperatures occur in December and January when the lowest temperature occasionally dips to 10 °C (50 °F). May is the hottest month when daily temperatures range from 26–39 °C (79–102 °F); December, the coldest, has temperatures varying from 14.5–28 °C (58.1–82.4 °F). Heavy rain from
15301-469: The most innovative, SJ created 11 songs based on Indian Ragas with saxophone , trumpet , sitar (by Rais Khan), tabla, bass etc. During their career, Shankar-Jaikishan won Filmfare Best Music Director Awards nine times. The last three awards were won in three successive years, thereby making them the first composers to score a hat trick of these awards. S-J also came out tops in Binaca Geetmala ,
15444-464: The new pair of music directors 'Shankar-Jaikishan' who would become a permanent feature in Raj Kapoor films in near future. Himself being a trained singer (he and Mukesh learned vocal music from the same Guru), Raj Kapoor thus took on board this new team of composers Shankar and Jaikishan with lyricists Shailendra and Hasrat Jaipuri (a former bus conductor). On the insistence of Shankar, they co-opted
15587-510: The news of Shankar's death. Unfortunately, family members with whom Shankar was staying did not inform Bhosle, Raj Kapoor or anybody from the film fraternity about Shankar's death. It was Mr. Gokhale, who was once a cook in Shankarji's house, who later became Pujari in Gora Ram Mandir at Thakurdwar, Mumbai, who informed people that Shankarji was cremated hastily on the day of his death, without
15730-437: The night of April 25, 1987, Shankar dropped Bhosle near Charni Road railway station where Bhosle stayed and drove off to his own residence at Churchgate. On 26 April Bhosle was, as usual, waiting for Shankar at around 10.00 a.m. to take him to the studio, but Shankar did not turn up so Bhosle went to the studio by taxi. All the musicians waited the whole day for Shankar in the studio but he did not turn up. The next day, Bhosle read
15873-468: The northern part of Southern India. With an average altitude of 542 m (1,778 ft), much of Hyderabad is situated on hilly terrain around artificial lakes , including the Hussain Sagar lake, predating the city's founding, in the north of the city centre. According to the 2011 census of India , Hyderabad is the fourth-most populous city in India with a population of 6.9 million residents within
16016-517: The oldest police commissionerate in India ), Cyberabad , and Rachakonda , each headed by a commissioner of police , who are Indian Police Service (IPS) officers. The Hyderabad police is a division of the Telangana Police , under the state Home Ministry. The jurisdictions of the city's administrative agencies are, in ascending order of size: the Hyderabad Police area, Hyderabad district,
16159-1226: The orchestra accompanied while the 'mukhda' or the 'antara' of a song was being sung and finally came the `epilogue' – the music with which the song ended after the singer(s) had finished their singing. Shankar-Jaikishan made a significant contribution in promoting Indian classical music throughout their career. It was their established practice to have at least one song in a movie based on semi-classical style. These included songs like `Jhanak-jhanak tori baje payaliya' (Mere Huzoor), `Chham chham baje re payaliya' (Jane-anjane), `Radhike tune bansari churayi' (Beti Bete), `Manmohana bade jhoothe' (old `Seema'), `Koi matwala aya mere dware' ( Love in Tokyo ), `Ajahu na ayae baalma, sawan beeta jaye' (Sanjh aur Savera), `Lapak jhapak tu aa re badarwa' (Boot polish), `Ye barkha bahar sautaniya ke dwar' (Mayur pankh), `Re man sur mein ga' (Lal pathar), `Sooni sooni sans ke sitar par' (Lal Patthar), `Kate na kate raina' (Mera naam joker), Hone Lagi Hai Raat Jawaan ( Naina) and numerous others. Their music in both `Basant Bahar' and Amrapali had every song based upon Indian classical music. While " raga Bhairavi " remained their perennial favorite, SJ used
16302-453: The other fact is that Lata Mangeshkar had stopped working with him after Sangam due to her anger against both Raj Kapoor and Shankar in making her sing "Budhha Mil Gaya" from Sangam which she was not keen as she did not feel comfortable with the lyrics of the song. Later on she sang in Sanyasi, Duniyadari and Atmaram. Nevertheless, she continued singing for Jaikishan even after Sangam and till
16445-415: The path of love, including parental opposition, accidents, and an attempted forced marriage of Reshma to an uncouth fisherman. The couple are finally reunited. Gopal on the other hand finally becomes a reformed character and rushes to claim Neela who has been pining away, arriving there he finds his love dead. The film ends with Gopal lighting Neela's funeral pyre as it finally rains. Raj Kapoor shot parts of
16588-416: The pioneers in establishing the role of the orchestra in song compositions as a medium to express and enhance the meanings and feelings of songs rather than using it just as a `filler' as per the prevalent practice before their advent on the scene. They made use of the orchestra and musical instruments (often dozens or hundreds of them) in their songs which consisted of the following format: The song starts with
16731-411: The population increased by 87%, from 3,637,483 as of 2001 census to 6,809,970 as of 2011 census, 24% of which are migrants from elsewhere in India, making Hyderabad the nation's fourth most populous city . As of 2011 , the population density is 18,480/km (47,900/sq mi) and the Hyderabad urban agglomeration had a population of 7,749,334 making it the sixth most populous urban agglomeration in
16874-499: The population live below the poverty line . According to a 2012 report submitted by GHMC to the World Bank , Hyderabad has 1,476 slums with a total population of 1.7 million, of whom 66% live in 985 slums in the "core" of the city (the part that formed Hyderabad before the April 2007 expansion) and the remaining 34% live in 491 suburban tenements. About 22% of the slum-dwelling households had migrated from different parts of India in
17017-482: The residents of Hyderabad are predominantly Telugu and Urdu speaking people, with minority Arab, Marathi , Marwari , and Pathan communities. Hyderabadi Muslims are a unique community who owe much of their history, language, cuisine, and culture to Hyderabad, and the various dynasties who previously ruled. Hadhrami Arabs , African Arabs , Armenians , Abyssinians , Iranians , Pathans and Turkish people were present before 1948; these communities, of which
17160-419: The rich but sensitive Pran and the womanizing Gopal both have affairs with two mountain girls while holidaying in the valley of Kashmir. While Pran and Reshma's love is true and reciprocated, Gopal is a womanizing villain, who disregards the faithful Neela and condemns her to wait faithfully for his return with the barsaat (rainy season). Many plot intrigues follow through with Pran and Reshma facing many trials on
17303-403: The same producer in search of work. Shankar later recollected that they developed a liking for each other and it was he who then and there assured Jaikishan of the job of a harmonium player at Prithvi Theatre (without asking Prithviraj Kapoor , fondly referred to as 'Papaji'). Papaji honoured Shankar's selection and gladly accepted Jaikishan as a harmonium player at Prithvi. Soon, the two developed
17446-401: The score for his film Bichchoo , however, since Shankar did not accept Sai's (who was more keen in having Raj Kamal as MD) interference in his work, he opted out of the project. Eventually, the project itself was abandoned by Dharmendra. However music albums of Do-Jhooth, Papi Pet Ka Sawal Hai became popular. Shankar was in the running for Raj Kapoor's film Satyam Shivam Sundaram (1978), but
17589-439: The sign "Reserved for Mr. Jaikishan". After Jaikishan's death, Shankar carried on with the banner of Shankar-Jaikishan alone (as per their mutual understanding made during their lifetime that in case of the demise of any one of them, the surviving partner will continue to work with the same team name). He was clearly hampered by numerous reasons such as the departures of his soul-mate Jaikishan and his favourite lyricist Shailendra,
17732-411: The sloping terrain of its low-lying hills provide habitat for an assortment of flora and fauna. As of 2016 , the tree cover is 1.7% of the total city area, a decrease from 2.7% in 1996. The forest region in and around the city encompasses areas of ecological and biological importance, which are preserved in the form of national parks , zoos , mini-zoos and a wildlife sanctuary . Nehru Zoological Park ,
17875-534: The slum areas. According to a 2008 survey by the Centre for Good Governance, 87.6% of the slum-dwelling households are nuclear families , 18% are very poor, with an income up to ₹ 20,000 (US$ 240) per annum, 73% live below the poverty line (a standard poverty line recognised by the Andhra Pradesh Government is ₹ 24,000 (US$ 290) per annum), 27% of the chief wage earners (CWE) are casual labour and 38% of
18018-446: The so-called rift between Shankar and Jaikishan was blown out of proportion by the media and vested interests and was used later to downgrade Shankar in his post-Jaikishan years. Since Shankar continued to support Sharda (post Sangam era) and even ghost-composed music for her film and non-film albums, it is said that Lata Mangeshkar became angry with him and discontinued singing for him. Whereas there may be some truth in this assertion,
18161-433: The street north of Charminar towards the fort. The Charminar has become an icon of the city; located in the centre of old Hyderabad, it is a square structure with sides 20 m (66 ft) long and four grand arches each facing a road. At each corner stands a 56 m (184 ft)-high minaret. The Charminar, Golconda Fort and the Qutb Shahi tombs are considered to be monuments of national importance in India ; in 2010
18304-554: The style of Andrea Palladio ), Purani Haveli , King Kothi Palace and Bella Vista Palace all of which were built at the peak of Nizam rule in the 19th century. During Mir Osman Ali Khan's rule, European styles, along with Indo-Islamic, became prominent. These styles are reflected in the Indo-Saracenic style of architecture seen in many civic monuments such as the Hyderabad High Court , Osmania Hospital , City College and
18447-565: The top ten songs for the year were composed by S-J, a sort of record that stands perhaps to this date, though the top honors for that year went to S. D. Burman . FILMFARE AWARDS STARTED DURING 1954 FOR BEST MUSIC DIRECTOR: Shankar-Jaikishan were the Winners for the films listed below: Winner Winner In a signed article in Filmfare , Jaikishan identified unwittingly the song "Yeh Mera Prem Patra Padh Kar" (Sangam) as his composition. This led to
18590-1046: The upcoming singing talent Lata Mangeshkar , and repeated Mukesh as Raj Kapoor's ghost voice for the songs of Barsaat . The film also had the distinction of featuring two firsts in Hindi cinema — a title song ("Barsaat Mein Humse Mile") and a cabaret ("Patli Kamar Hai"), which were also the first two songs written by Shailendra. The two became known in the public by the acronym "S-J". Their early works include Barsaat (1949), Awara (1951), Badal (1951) , Poonam (1952), Nagina , Aurat , Parbat , Kali Ghata , Aah , Patita , Shikast , Badshah , Mayurpankh , Naya Ghar , Seema , Shree 420 (1955), Basant Bahar , Halaku , Rajhath , New Delhi , Kathputli , Anari , Chori Chori , Daag , Begunah , Yahudi (1958), Main Nashe Mein Hoon , Kanhaiya , Boot Polish , Choti Behan , Shararat , Love Marriage and Ujala . S-J formed
18733-509: Was 41 per 1,000 live births. The survey also reported that a third of women and a quarter of men are overweight or obese, 49% of children below 5 years are anaemic , and up to 20% of children are underweight, while more than 2% of women and 3% of men suffer from diabetes . When the GHMC was created in 2007, the area occupied by the municipality increased from 175 km (68 sq mi) to 650 km (250 sq mi). Consequently,
18876-496: Was a master of composing background score , apart from romantic songs (he is generally regarded as the best ever in this genre) and simple, catchy compositions which became instant hits ("Ehsaan Mere Dil Pe" being a typical example of such songs). However, Shankar was no smaller in this aspect of devising simple 'straight line' tunes: " Mera Joota Hai Japani " (Shri 420, 1955), Yeh Mera Deewanapan Hai (Yahudi, 1958) Awaara Hoon (Awaara, 1951), Kisi ke Muskurahaton (Anari, 1959), also being
19019-510: Was annexed by the Indian Union in 1948 and continued as a capital of Hyderabad State from 1948 to 1956. After the introduction of the States Reorganisation Act of 1956 , Hyderabad was made the capital of the newly formed Andhra Pradesh . In 2014, Andhra Pradesh was split to form the state of Telangana, and Hyderabad became the joint capital of the two states with a transitional arrangement scheduled to end in 2024. Since 1956,
19162-594: Was any rift between them. In fact, according to Hasrat, the division of work was by mutual agreement to cope up with the heavy work load so that Shankar and Shailendra looked after one part of the work while Jaikishan and Hasrat on the other part but this division was not rigid; there was a lot of give and take between them even during this phase. Towards the end (just before Jaikishan's untimely demise), in several of their last movies such as Jane Anjane (1971), Andaaz (1971), Ankhon Ankhon Mein, Shankar and Jaikishan were known to be working together. In retrospect, it appears that
19305-469: Was attended only by his family and some friends. The film industry was hardly present at his funeral, thus reinforcing the stereotype of its fickle-natured loyalties, when compared to Jaikishan's death in 1971, which drew the entire film industry. After Shankar died, the nearly 40 year old SJ banner came to an end, which was the end of what is widely regarded as the best music direction in Bollywood history. Raj Kapoor later paid glowing tributes to Shankar in
19448-729: Was because Lata Mangeshkar did not sing in the film. Lata got on very well with Jaikishan but not with Shankar, and Raj Kapoor chose Lata over Shankar. This was ironic, as Lata's big break was in the 1949 superhit Barsaat, where Shankar and Jaikishan were the music directors. According to Lata Mangeshkar herself, it was the late Mohd. Rafi who brought about a rapprochement between the two and she did start singing again for Shankar starting from Sohan Lal Kanwar's ` Sanyasi ' and several other films later. Although Shankar's creations during this period for Lata as well as other singers like Kishore, Rafi, Manna Dey were quite good, most of these went unnoticed due to non-descript status of such films which bombed at
19591-458: Was nicknamed the "City of Pearls", and was the only trading centre for Golconda diamonds in the world. Many of the city's historical and traditional bazaars remain open. Hyderabad's central location between the Deccan Plateau and the Western Ghats , and industrialisation throughout the 20th century attracted major Indian research, manufacturing, educational and financial institutions. Since
19734-484: Was one of the first major hit films directed by Kapoor. This success allowed Kapoor to buy RK Studios in 1950. This was Raj Kapoor's second directional venture after Aag . Barsaat became the highest-grossing Indian film at the time of its release beating Gyan Mukherjee's Kismet which released 6 years earlier. The film revolves around two love stories. Pran (Raj Kapoor) and Reshma (Nargis) and Gopal (Prem Nath) and Neela (Nimmi). Two friends with contrasting personalities,
19877-414: Was originally called Baghnagar ("city of gardens"). The European travellers von Poser and Thévenot found both names in use in the 17th century. A popular legend suggests that the founder of the city, Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah , named it Bhagya-nagar ("fortunate city") after Bhagmati , a local nautch (dancing girl) whom he married. She converted to Islam and adopted the title Hyder Mahal ,
20020-541: Was overlooked in favour of Laxmikant Pyarelal whose candidature was supported vigorously by Mukesh. Ironically, Mukesh owed his standing in the film industry primarily to S-J's compositions. Shankar was also considered for Raj Kapoor's proposed film Param Vir Chakra (his case was supported by Raj Kapoor's sons), but the project did not see the light of day and Shankar never returned to the RK camp. Shankar died on 26 April 1987. His death received little media coverage and his funeral
20163-442: Was solely Jaikishan's creation. Since SJ had a common pool of tunes in their stock, made by either of them during their numerous music sessions/sittings (Riyaz), it was perfectly legitimate and natural for Jaikishan to have used tunes created by Shankar also wherever needed. This is also one of the reasons why he was able to finish this job in a few days' time. It is understood that in RK films, Shankar and Jaikishan both used to work on
20306-528: Was the debut for music directors Shankar Jaikishan and established their careers. The famous playback singer Lata Mangeshkar famously sang for both Nargis and Nimmi in Barsaat . Actress Bimla Kumari appears swaying in the song 'Hawa mein udta jaaye', the song become very popular as well. The soundtrack was listed by Planet Bollywood at number 1 on their list of the 100 Greatest Bollywood Soundtracks. Rakesh Budhu of Planet Bollywood gave 10 stars stating, "Barsaat
20449-399: Was their favourite singer despite having good reputation with other playback singers of the time. Most of S-J's films show Dattaram and Sebastian as their assistants. Dattaram handled the percussion section of the orchestra while Sebastian handled the rest. Dattaram met Shankar in a Gym when the latter was already working at Prithvi Theatre as a musician. After listening to Shankar's Tabla at
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